Apache Solr 6.0官方指南：企业级搜索引擎构建与管理详解

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Apache Solr 6.0 是一个强大的开源全文搜索解决方案，由 Apache Software Foundation（ASF）提供支持，遵循Apache License 2.0。它作为企业级搜索引擎被广泛采用，以其易用的管理界面、良好的扩展性和集群化功能而著称。这本《Apache Solr Reference Guide》是Solr 6.0 的官方文档，提供了全面的技术细节和指导，包括但不限于以下知识点： 1. **概述**：Solr 是基于 Apache Lucene 的搜索平台，Lucene 是一个高效、可扩展的全文检索库，而 Solr 在其基础上增加了更多的功能，如用户界面、分布式搜索、管理和配置工具。 2. **许可协议**：所有 Solr 6.0 的源代码都受到 ASF 版权保护，用户在使用时必须遵守 Apache License 2.0 的条款，该许可证允许在符合授权条件下的非独家、不可转让的使用，并且在没有特定法律要求或书面同意的情况下，软件以“原样”提供，不附带任何保证或条件。 3. **商标**：Apache、Lucene 和 Solr 是 ASF 的注册商标，使用这些商标需遵守 ASF 的商标政策。此外，文档中使用的字体，如 Raleway 和 SILOpenFont，也分别有各自的授权协议。 4. **核心功能**：Solr 6.0 提供了实时搜索、字段分析、查询优化、高级搜索语法支持等功能，适合构建动态、高性能的网站和应用程序。管理后台允许管理员轻松创建索引、配置数据模型和监控系统性能。 5. **安装与部署**：指南详细介绍了如何安装 Solr，包括单机和集群模式，以及如何配置不同的组件，如 SolrCloud 集群架构，以实现高可用性和负载均衡。 6. **API文档**：对于开发人员而言，Solr API 是关键部分，包括 RESTful API、JDBC 查询接口等，用于与应用程序集成和定制搜索体验。 7. **性能调优与最佳实践**：手册还提供了关于索引优化、查询速度提升、资源管理等方面的内容，帮助用户提高 Solr 系统的整体效能。 8. **故障排查与维护**：对于遇到问题的用户，手册中包含了故障排除和常见问题的解决方案，以及日志分析和性能监控的指导。 9. **最新特性**：Solr 6.0 可能包含了一些新功能，如更新的查询解析器、改进的搜索算法或对新技术的支持，读者可以在此找到详细介绍。《Apache Solr 6.0 手册》是一份深入理解并有效利用 Solr 开发、运维的强大工具，无论是对初学者还是专业开发者来说，都是不可或缺的学习资源。

16Apache Solr Reference Guide 6.0

-cloud Start Solr in SolrCloud mode, which will

also launch the embedded ZooKeeper

instance included with Solr.

This option can be shortened to simply

.-c

If you are already running a ZooKeeper

ensemble that you want to use instead

of the embedded (single-node)

ZooKeeper, you should also pass the -z

parameter.

For more details, see the section SolrCl

below.oud Mode

bin/solr start -c

-d <dir> Define a server directory, defaults to se

(as in, ). Itrver $SOLR_HOME/server

is uncommon to override this option.

When running multiple instances of Solr

on the same host, it is more common to

use the same server directory for each

instance and use a unique Solr home

directory using the -s option.

bin/solr start -d newServerDir

-e <name> Start Solr with an example

configuration. These examples are

provided to help you get started faster

with Solr generally, or just try a specific

feature.

The available options are:

cloud

techproducts

dih

schemaless

See the section Running with Example

below for more detailsConfigurations

on the example configurations.

bin/solr start -e schemaless

-f Start Solr in the foreground; you cannot

use this option when running examples

with the -e option.

bin/solr start -f

-h

Start Solr with the defined hostname. If

this is not specified, 'localhost' will be

assumed.

bin/solr start -h search.mysolr.com

-m

Start Solr with the defined value as the

min (-Xms) and max (-Xmx) heap size

for the JVM.

bin/solr start -m 1g

17Apache Solr Reference Guide 6.0

-noprompt Start Solr and suppress any prompts

that may be seen with another option.

This would have the side effect of

accepting all defaults implicitly.

For example, when using the "cloud"

example, an interactive session guides

you through several options for your

SolrCloud cluster. If you want to accept

all of the defaults, you can simply add

the -noprompt option to your request.

bin/solr start -e cloud -noprompt

-p <port> Start Solr on the defined port. If this is

not specified, '8983' will be used.

bin/solr start -p 8655

-s <dir> Sets the solr.solr.home system

property; Solr will create core

directories under this directory. This

allows you to run multiple Solr instances

on the same host while reusing the

same server directory set using the -d

parameter. If set, the specified directory

should contain a solr.xml file, unless

solr.xml exists in ZooKeeper. The

default value is .server/solr

This parameter is ignored when running

examples (-e), as the solr.solr.home

depends on which example is run.

bin/solr start -s newHome

-V Start Solr with verbose messages from

the start script.

bin/solr start -V

-z <zkHost> Start Solr with the defined ZooKeeper

connection string. This option is only

used with the -c option, to start Solr in

SolrCloud mode. If this option is not

provided, Solr will start the embedded

ZooKeeper instance and use that

instance for SolrCloud operations.

bin/solr start -c -z

server1:2181,server2:2181

To emphasize how the default settings work take a moment to understand that the following commands are

equivalent:

bin/solr start

bin/solr start -h localhost -p 8983 -d server -s solr -m 512m

It is not necessary to define all of the options when starting if the defaults are fine for your needs.

Setting Java System Properties

The bin/solr script will pass any additional parameters that begin with -D to the JVM, which allows you to set

arbitrary Java system properties. For example, to set the auto soft-commit frequency to 3 seconds, you can do:

bin/solr start -Dsolr.autoSoftCommit.maxTime=3000

SolrCloud Mode

The -c and -cloud options are equivalent:

18Apache Solr Reference Guide 6.0

bin/solr start -c

bin/solr start -cloud

If you specify a ZooKeeper connection string, such as , then Solr will connect to-z 192.168.1.4:2181

ZooKeeper and join the cluster. If you do not specify the -z option when starting Solr in cloud mode, then Solr will

launch an embedded ZooKeeper server listening on the Solr port + 1000, i.e., if Solr is running on port 8983,

then the embedded ZooKeeper will be listening on port 9983.

IMPORTANT: If your ZooKeeper connection string uses a chroot, such as , then youlocalhost:2181/solr

need to bootstrap the /solr znode before launching SolrCloud using the bin/solr script. To do this, you need to

use the script shipped with Solr, such as:zkcli.sh

server/scripts/cloud-scripts/zkcli.sh -zkhost localhost:2181/solr -cmd bootstrap

-solrhome server/solr

When starting in SolrCloud mode, the interactive script session will prompt you to choose a configset to use.

For more information about starting Solr in SolrCloud mode, see also the section .Getting Started with SolrCloud

Running with Example Configurations

bin/solr start -e <name>

The example configurations allow you to get started quickly with a configuration that mirrors what you hope to

accomplish with Solr.

Each example launches Solr in with a managed schema, which allows use of the to make schemaSchema API

edits, but does not allow manual editing of a Schema file If you would prefer to manually modify a fischema.xml

le directly, you can change this default as described in the section .Schema Factory Definition in SolrConfig

Unless otherwise noted in the descriptions below, the examples do not enable nor .SolrCloud schemaless mode

The following examples are provided:

cloud: This example starts a 1-4 node SolrCloud cluster on a single machine. When chosen, an

interactive session will start to guide you through options to select the initial configset to use, the number

of nodes for your example cluster, the ports to use, and name of the collection to be created. When using

this example, you can choose from any of the available configsets found in $SOLR_HOME/server/solr

./configsets

techproducts: This example starts Solr in standalone mode with a schema designed for the sample

documents included in the directory. The configset used can be$SOLR_HOME/example/exampledocs

found in .$SOLR_HOME/server/solr/configsets/sample_techproducts_configs

dih: This example starts Solr in standalone mode with the DataImportHandler (DIH) enabled and several

example files pre-configured for different types of data supported with DIH (such as,dataconfig.xml

database contents, email, RSS feeds, etc.). The configset used is customized for DIH, and is found in $SO

. For more information about DIH, see the section LR_HOME/example/example-DIH/solr/conf Uploa

.ding Structured Data Store Data with the Data Import Handler

schemaless: This example starts Solr in standalone mode using a managed schema, as described in the

section , and provides a very minimal pre-defined schema. SolrSchema Factory Definition in SolrConfig

will run in with this configuration, where Solr will create fields in the schema on the flySchemaless Mode

and will guess field types used in incoming documents. The configset used can be found in $SOLR_HOME

./server/solr/configsets/data_driven_schema_configs

Stop

The run-in-foreground option (-f) does not work with the -e option since the script needs to perform

additional tasks after starting the Solr server.

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