Linux入门指南：2018版，安全运维与大数据必备

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《Manning.Linux.in.Action.2018.8.pdf》是一本针对Linux初学者和企业运维人员的优秀指南，它采用幽默的教学风格，深入浅出地介绍了Linux的基础知识与实用技能。该书共分为八个章节，每个章节围绕特定主题展开，旨在帮助读者逐步掌握Linux操作系统的各个方面。第1章是欢迎来到Linux，主要介绍Linux的核心概念，如shell、分区和文件系统，包括基础的Bash shell命令行工具以及man手册查阅方法。这一章为后续学习奠定了坚实的基础。第二章探讨了Linux虚拟化技术，目标是构建一个安全、简洁的Linux工作环境。这里涉及的主题有虚拟化技术、文件系统管理以及VirtualBox、LXC（Linux Containers）、apt（Advanced Package Tool）和yum/dnf（用于包管理的工具）等。第三章聚焦远程连接，强调如何安全地访问网络中的机器，涉及到的内容有网络安全、远程连接工具如ssh（Secure Shell）、scp（Secure Copy）、systemctl（系统服务管理）和常用命令如ps（进程查看）和grep（查找）。第四章专门讲述档案管理，涵盖了备份和复制整个文件系统的实践，涉及到硬盘分区和文件系统操作，如tar（打包）、dd（数据复制）、文本流处理、rsync（同步）、locate（快速定位文件）以及权限管理和所有权设置（chmod和chown）。第五章转向自动化管理，教授如何配置自动化离线备份，内容包括脚本编写、系统进程管理以及安全策略，涉及到cron（定时任务）、anacron（异步定时任务）、systemd（系统和服务管理器）等工具。第六章是应急工具篇，讲解如何构建一个系统恢复设备，涉及硬盘分区、文件系统和设备管理，具体工具如parted（分区工具）、GRUB（引导装载程序）以及挂载和chroot（改变根目录）等。第七章介绍Web服务器的搭建，以MediaWiki服务器为例，涉及数据库、网络配置以及软件包管理。重点在于PHP（Hypertext Preprocessor，脚本语言）、MySQL/MariaDB（数据库系统）以及Apache Web服务器，以及如何处理依赖包。最后一章是网络文件共享，通过构建Nextcloud文件共享服务器来展示，涵盖了包管理、网络设置和安全措施，这些都是现代企业环境中常见的需求。《Manning.Linux.in.Action.2018.8.pdf》是一本实用的Linux学习手册，不仅涵盖了基础知识，还深入到实际应用场景，有助于读者在Linux系统管理和运维领域获得深入的理解和实践经验。

xiv

about this book

Looking to learn to administer Linux computers? Excellent choice. While it can hold

its own in the consumer desktop space, where Linux absolutely dominates is the world

of servers, especially virtual and cloud servers. Because most serious server administra-

tion these days takes place remotely, working through a GUI interface of one sort or

another just adds unnecessary overhead. If you want to manage the servers and net-

work architectures that are currently attracting all the attention, you’re going to have

to learn your way around the Linux command line.

The good news is that the core Linux command set is going to work for you across

geographic and corporate lines, just about anywhere computers and business inter-

sect. The better news is that, relatively speaking, Linux skills have staying power.

Because it’s such a mature and stable operating system, most of the tools used a quar-

ter century ago are still just as effective as ever, and most of the tools used today will

probably still be actively used after another quarter century. Learning Linux, in other

words, is a lifelong investment.

But you’re busy and you’ve got deadlines. Well, I can’t promise you that mastering

Linux will be as simple as learning to tie your shoes. But I can help you focus like a

laser so you can leave all the stuff you don’t need lying on the highway, choking on

your exhaust fumes (assuming you’re not driving a Tesla, of course).

How am I going to pull that one off? Linux in Action turns technology training side-

ways. That is, while other books, courses, and online resources organize their content

around categories (“Alright boys and girls, everyone take out your slide rules and

ABOUT THIS BOOK

charcoal pencils. Today we’re going to learn about Linux file systems.”), I’m going to

use real-world projects to teach.

So, for example, I could have built an entire chapter (or two) on Linux file sys-

tems. But instead, you’ll learn how to build enterprise file servers, system recovery

drives, and scripts to replicate archives of critical data. In the process, you’ll pick up

the file system knowledge as a free bonus.

Don’t think I’m going to cover every Linux administration tool. That’s impossible:

there are literally thousands of them out there. But don’t worry. The core skills and

functionality needed through the first years of a career in Linux administration will be

covered, and covered well, but only when needed for a practical, mission-critical proj-

ect. When you’re done, you’ll have learned no less than what you would have from a

traditional source, but you’ll also know how to complete more than a dozen major

administrative projects, and be comfortable tackling dozens more.

Are you in? I thought so.

Who should read this book

This book is designed to help you acquire a solid range of Linux administration skills.

Perhaps you’re a developer who wants to work more directly with the server environ-

ment within which your applications will live. Or maybe you’re ready to make your

move in the server administration or DevOps worlds. Either way, you belong with us.

What should you already know? At the very least, you should be comfortable work-

ing with the files, networks, and basic resources of a modern operating system. Experi-

ence with system administration, network management, and programming languages

definitely won’t hurt, but are not required. Most of all, you should be unafraid of

exploring new environments and enthusiastic about experimenting with new tools.

One more thing: you’re expected to know how to perform a simple and straightfor-

ward installation of a Linux operating system.

How this book is organized: A roadmap

Just a few words about the way the book is built. Each chapter of Linux in Action covers

one or two practical projects—except chapter 1. Chapter 1, because it’s designed to fill

in any very basic gaps that might exist in your Linux knowledge, will be different from

all the others. Don’t need the basics? I’m absolutely sure you’ll find lots of fun new toys

to play with in chapter 2.

Along with the book’s projects, I’ll also introduce you to the individual skills and

tools that you’ll need. In addition, each chapter’s projects usually build on the skills

you’ve learned previously in the book. Just to show you that I mean business, here’s a

fairly complete list of the main projects (under the Chapter heading), skill domains,

and tools you’ll meet through the course of the book:

ABOUT THIS BOOK

xvi

About the code

This book contains many examples of source code both in numbered listings and in

line with normal text. In both cases, source code is formatted in a

fixed-width font

like this

to separate it from ordinary text.

In many cases, the original source code has been reformatted; we’ve added line

breaks and reworked indentation to accommodate the available page space in the

book. In rare cases, even this was not enough, and listings include line-continuation

markers (

➥

). Additionally, comments in the source code have often been removed

from the listings when the code is described in the text. Code annotations accompany

many of the listings, highlighting important concepts.

Chapter Skill domains Tools

1. Welcome to L

inux Shells, partitions, and file

systems

Bash, man

2. Linux virtualization: Building a simple

Linux working environment

Virtualization, file systems VirtualBox, LXC, apt, yum/dnf

3. Rem

ote connectivi

ty: Safely access

net

worked machines

Security, remote connectivity ssh, scp, systemctl, ps, grep

4. Archive

management: Backing up or

copying entire file systems

Partitions and file systems,

text streams

tar, dd, redirects, rsync, locate, split,

chmod, chown

5. Automated administr

ation: Configur-

ing automated offsite backups

Scripts, system process

management, security

scripts, cron, anacron, systemd timers

6. Em

ergency t

ools: Building a system

ecovery device

Partitions and file systems,

device management

parted, GRUB, mount, chroot

7. Web serv

ers: Building a MediaWik

server

Databa

ses, networking,

package management

PHP, MySQL (MariaDB), Apache web

server, package dependencies

8. Networked file s

har

ing: Building a

Nex

tcloud file-sharing server

Package management,

networking, security

snapd, file systems, encryption

9. Securing

your web server Networking, security, system

monitoring

Apache, iptables, /etc/group, SELinux,

apt, yum/dnf, chmod, chown, Let’s Encrypt

10. Securing

network connection

Creating

a VPN or DMZ

Networking, security firewalls, ssh, Apache, OpenVPN, sysctl,

easy-rsa

11. Syst

em monitoring: Working

with

log files

System monitor

ing, text

streams, security

grep, sed, journalctl, rsyslogd, /var/log/,

Tripwire

12. Sharing

data over a private network Networking, partitions, file

systems

nfs, smb, ln, /etc/fstab

13. T

roubleshooting system

performance issues

System monitoring, system

process management,

networking

top, free, nice, nmon, tc, iftop, df, kill,

killall, uptime

14. T

roubleshooting network issues Networking ip, dhclient, dmesg, ping, nmap,

traceroute, netstat, netcat (nc)

15. T

roubleshooting peripheral devices Device management lshw, lspci, lsusb, modprobe, CUPS

16. D

evOps tools: Deploying a script

serv

er environment using Ansible

Scripts, virtualization Ansible, YAML, apt

ABOUT THIS BOOK

xvii

Linux distributions

There are currently dozens of actively maintained Linux distributions. Even though

most of the Linux basics are common to all distros (distributions), there’ll always be

little things that’ll work “here” but not “there.” For practicality’s sake, I’m going to

concentrate mostly on two distributions: Ubuntu and CentOS. Why those two?

Because each represents an entire family of distributions. Ubuntu shares its roots with

Debian, Mint, Kali Linux, and others, while CentOS enjoys the company of Red Hat

Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and Fedora.

That’s not to say I don’t value other distros like Arch Linux, SUSE, and Gentoo, or

that what you’ll learn in this book won’t help you work with those environments. But

fully covering the Ubuntu and CentOS families means grabbing the largest single slice

of the Linux pie that I could reach using just two distributions.

Book forum

Purchase of Linux in Action includes free access to a private web forum run by Man-

ning Publications where you can make comments about the book, ask technical ques-

tions, and receive help from the author and from other users. To access the forum, go

to https://forums.manning.com/forums/linux-in-action. You can also learn more

about Manning’s forums and the rules of conduct at https://forums.manning.com/

forums/about.

Manning’s commitment to our readers is to provide a venue where a meaningful

dialogue between individual readers and between readers and the author can take

place. It is not a commitment to any specific amount of participation on the part of

the author, whose contribution to the forum remains voluntary (and unpaid). We sug-

gest you try asking the author some challenging questions lest his interest stray! The

forum and the archives of previous discussions will be accessible from the publisher’s

website as long as the book is in print.

Other online resources

Stuck? Web search is your best friend, as it can quickly connect you with a wealth of

existing Linux guides and troubleshooting expertise. But you shouldn’t forget the

StackExchange family of sites and, in particular, serverfault.com. If something’s gone

wrong with some system configuration or the network has disappeared, then the odds

are high that someone else has experienced the same thing, asked about it on Server-

Fault, and received an answer already. Nothing yet? Then ask the question yourself.

LinuxQuestions.org and ubuntuforums.org can also be helpful.

And those who enjoy video training will find a good range of Linux courses on

Pluralsight.com, including more than a dozen of my own courses.

剩余385页未读，继续阅读

露西恩

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