IEEE Std 1858-2016：手机摄像头图像质量标准（146页详解）

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"IEEE Std 1858-2016，即《2016年IEEE相机手机图像质量标准》，是由IEEE Corporate Advisory Board赞助的，针对移动设备中的摄像头技术制定的一份详细标准。该标准主要关注的是在这些设备上使用的传感器、镜头以及信号处理算法的质量评估，特别是对于那些集成在智能手机和平板电脑等消费电子产品中的摄像头系统。标准的重点不在于对高端专业相机（如数码单反相机，DSLR）的图像质量进行一般性评价，而是提供一套适用于相机手机的特定性能度量和测试程序。它包括以下关键指标： 1. 空间频率响应：衡量相机传感器捕捉图像细节的能力，即其在不同频率下的响应能力。 2. 颜色均匀性：确保图像色彩的一致性和准确性，尤其是在不同光线条件和场景下。 3. 色度级和色差：检查图像色彩的稳定性，是否存在色偏或颜色失真。 4. 横向色散：评估镜头和成像系统的色像移现象，即颜色在空间方向上的变化。 5. 局部几何畸变：测量镜头对光学系统的扭曲影响，可能表现为像场形状的不规则。 6. 纹理模糊：分析因镜头或传感器特性导致的图像细节损失，如运动模糊或分辨率不足。 7. 视觉噪声：衡量图像中的随机噪点和颗粒感，这可能来自传感器的量子效率、电路设计或成像算法。关键词：相机，手机，IEEE 1858-2016，图像质量，移动设备，摄影。这份标准为制造商、消费者和评测机构提供了评价和比较不同手机摄像头性能的共同语言，有助于推动行业内的标准化和技术创新。自2016年9月22日批准以来，IEEE Std 1858-2016不断被更新，通过Cor1-2017修正案来适应技术的发展和市场需求的变化。"

IEEE Std 1858-2016

IEEE Standard for Camera Phone Image Quality

ISO 7589:2002 Photography–Illuminants for sensitometry–Specifications for daylight, incandescent

tungsten and printer.

ISO 12233:2014 Photography–Electronic still-picture imaging–Resolution and spatial frequency responses.

ISO 14524:2009 Photography–Electronic still-picture cameras–Methods for measuring opto-electronic

conversion functions (OECFs).

ISO 15739:2013 Photography–Electronic still-picture imaging–Noise measurements.

ISO 16067-1:2003 Photography–Spatial resolution measurements of electronic scanners for photographic

imagesPart 1: Scanners for reflective media.

ISO 20462:2012 Photography–Psychophysical experimental methods for estimating image quality.

ISO 20462-3:2012 Photography–Psychophysical experimental methods for estimating image quality–Part

3: Quality ruler method.

3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations

3.1 Definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE Standards

Dictionary Online should be consulted for terms not defined in this clause.

acutance: An objective, integrated spatial frequency response (SFR) metric that is used as a correlate to

subjective sharpness.

chroma level: An objective metric indicating the level of chromatic intensity relative to the original scene.

chrominance non-uniformity: The gradual variation of the chrominance signal components within the

image field.

color uniformity: An objective metric that characterizes chrominance non-uniformity.

hyperfocal distance: When the lens is focused at this distance, all objects at distances from half of the

hyperfocal distance out to infinity will be acceptably sharp.

image height: The vertical size of an image.

lateral chromatic displacement (LCD): A phenomenon caused by different wavelengths of light being

magnified to different levels by the lens (different wavelengths are focused at different positions in the

focal plane).

local geometric distortion (LGD): The variation of magnification in the image field.

ISO publications are available from the ISO Central Secretariat (http://www.iso.ch/). ISO publications are also available in the

United States from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute (http://www.ansi.org/).

IEEE Standards Dictionary Online is available at: http://dictionary.ieee.org.

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IEEE Std 1858-2016

IEEE Standard for Camera Phone Image Quality

mobile device: A portable device containing a camera system that is not a dedicated image capture device.

Example: A cell phone containing front and rear facing cameras, a tablet containing a camera, etc.

near infrared (NIR): Light with wavelengths between 750 nm through 1.4 µm.

Nyquist frequency: The spatial frequency that is half the sampling frequency of a discrete system.

reflective target: A test target made of a material designed to reflect light.

sharpness: The perceived level of detail in an image, represented as the modulation of contrast between the

original scene and the reproduced image.

spatial frequency: How often a periodic pattern (e.g., a sinusoid) repeats per unit of distance.

spatial frequency response (SFR): The amplitude of the modulation of a periodic pattern.

spectrally neutral: Visible light that has relative spectral energy that does not vary by more than 5% over

the range of 400 nm to 700 nm.

texture detail: Mid-to-high spatial frequency image content of low contrast such as foliage, grass, and

uniformly colored fabrics. Generally, spatial content of frequency greater than 150 line pairs per picture

height and with a contrast ratio of 40% or less of the maximum contrast.

transmissive target: A test target made of a material designed to transmit light.

3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations

AEC auto exposure control

CCT correlated color temperature

CFA color filter array (Bayer filter)

CIE International Commission on Illumination

CIELAB CIE defined color space for perceptual uniformity including Luminance, a*, b*

CIEXYZ CIE defined color space analogous to least mean square cone response of human eye

CMOS complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor

CPD cycles per degree

CPIQ camera phone image quality

CRA chief ray angle

CSF contrast sensitivity function

DPI dots per inch

DSC digital still camera

DSLR digital single lens reflex

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