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首页HTML4入门指南(第5版):简明教程与实例
HTML4入门指南(第5版):简明教程与实例
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更新于2025-01-07
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"HTML 4 For Dummies, 5th Edition" 是一本旨在帮助读者轻松理解和掌握HTML语言的入门指南。作者Ed Tittel和Mary C. Burmeister以其简洁明了的写作风格,避免过多的技术术语,确保内容对初学者友好。本书的核心内容围绕HTML(超文本标记语言)及其与XHTML(可扩展超文本标记语言)的区别展开。
书中深入浅出地讲解了HTML的基本概念,包括如何构建和设计网页,提供了丰富的实例和逐个标签的指导,帮助读者逐步创建自己的网页,减少不必要的困扰。读者不仅能学到如何创建静态网页,还能了解到如何将这些网页发布到互联网上,与世界分享自己的作品。
此外,书中的一个重要部分是对比HTML 4与XHTML的差异。HTML 4作为最熟知且历史较长的Web标记语言,其版本5仍然在很多场景下被广泛应用。而XHTML则是在HTML基础上加入了更严格的语法规则和结构化元素,旨在提高网页的兼容性和可访问性。作者会指导读者根据需求选择使用哪种语言,以便适应不断发展的Web技术环境。
版权方面,这本书由Wiley Publishing, Inc.出版,所有复制、存储或传输内容需遵守1976年美国版权法的相关规定,未经许可不得进行任何形式的复制,除非符合法律允许的合理使用条款或通过版权许可中心支付相应的费用。
"HTML 4 For Dummies, 5th Edition"是一本实用的教程,适合想要学习HTML基础、提高网页制作技能,或是了解HTML与XHTML区别的读者。无论你是零基础的新手还是有一定经验的开发者,都能从中找到适合自己的学习资源。
Definition lists .......................................................................................89
Nesting lists ...........................................................................................90
Text Controls and Annotation ......................................................................92
Marvelous Miscellany ....................................................................................93
Chapter 6: Linking to Online Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
Basic Links ......................................................................................................95
Link options ...........................................................................................97
Common mistakes ................................................................................99
Customizing Links ........................................................................................100
New windows ......................................................................................100
Locations in Web pages .....................................................................101
Non-HTML resources .........................................................................104
Marvelous Miscellany ..................................................................................106
Chapter 7: Finding and Using Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
The Role of Images in a Web Page ..............................................................107
Creating Web-Friendly Images ....................................................................108
Adding an Image to a Web Page ..................................................................110
Location of the image .........................................................................110
Using the <img /> element .................................................................110
Adding alternative text ......................................................................112
Specifying image size .........................................................................114
Setting the image border ...................................................................116
Controlling image alignment .............................................................117
Setting image spacing ........................................................................118
Images That Link ..........................................................................................119
Triggering links ...................................................................................119
Building image maps ..........................................................................120
Marvelous Miscellany ..................................................................................122
Part III: Taking Precise Control Over Web Pages ..........123
Chapter 8: Introducing Cascading Style Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
Advantages of Style Sheets .........................................................................126
What CSS can do for a Web page ......................................................127
What you can do with CSS .................................................................128
CSS Structure and Syntax ............................................................................130
Selectors and declarations ................................................................132
Working with style classes ................................................................134
Inheriting styles ..................................................................................135
Using Different Kinds of Style Sheets .........................................................137
Internal style sheets ...........................................................................137
External style sheets ..........................................................................138
Understanding the Cascade ........................................................................140
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Chapter 9: Using Cascading Style Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
Managing Layout, Positioning, and Appearance ......................................142
Developing specific styles .................................................................142
Externalizing style sheets ..................................................................150
Multimedia ....................................................................................................151
Visual media styles .............................................................................152
Paged media styles .............................................................................156
Marvelous Miscellany ..................................................................................159
Chapter 10: Getting Creative with Colors and Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161
Color Values ..................................................................................................162
Color names ........................................................................................162
Color numbers ....................................................................................162
Color Definitions ...........................................................................................164
Text .......................................................................................................164
Links .....................................................................................................165
Backgrounds ........................................................................................166
Fonts ..............................................................................................................167
Font family ...........................................................................................167
Sizing ....................................................................................................168
Positioning ...........................................................................................171
Text treatments ...................................................................................174
The catchall font property ................................................................177
Chapter 11: Using Tables for Stunning Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
What Tables Can Do for You .......................................................................179
Table Basics ..................................................................................................182
Sketching Your Table ...................................................................................183
Developing layout ideas .....................................................................183
Drafting the table ................................................................................184
Constructing Basic Tables ...........................................................................185
Components ........................................................................................185
Layout ..................................................................................................186
Adding borders ...................................................................................189
Adjusting height and width ...............................................................193
Padding and spacing ..........................................................................196
Shifting alignment ...............................................................................199
Adding Spans ................................................................................................202
Column spans ......................................................................................202
Row spans ............................................................................................204
Populating Table Cells .................................................................................205
Testing Your Table ........................................................................................206
Table-Making Tips ........................................................................................207
Following the standards ....................................................................207
Sanitizing markup ...............................................................................208
HTML 4 For Dummies, 5th Edition
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Nesting tables within tables ..............................................................208
Avoiding dense tables ........................................................................210
Adding color to table cells ................................................................210
Marvelous Miscellany ..................................................................................211
Part IV: Integrating Scripts with HTML .......................213
Chapter 12: Scripting Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215
What JavaScript Can Do for Your Pages ....................................................216
Arrange content dynamically ............................................................217
Work with browser windows .............................................................219
Solicit and verify user input ..............................................................221
But wait . . . there’s more! ..................................................................223
Chapter 13: The Nuts and Bolts of JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225
Including Scripts in Web Pages ...................................................................225
Using the Same Script on Multiple Pages ..................................................227
Exploring the JavaScript Language ............................................................229
Basic syntax rules ...............................................................................230
Variables and data types ..................................................................231
Operating on expressions ..................................................................233
Working with statements ...................................................................236
Loops ....................................................................................................238
Functions .............................................................................................240
Arrays ...................................................................................................242
Objects .................................................................................................244
Events and Event Handling .........................................................................245
Document Object Model (DOM) .................................................................246
Marvelous Miscellany ..................................................................................247
References and Resources ..........................................................................247
Chapter 14: Working with Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249
Uses for Forms ..............................................................................................249
Searches ...............................................................................................250
Data collection ....................................................................................251
Creating Forms .............................................................................................252
Structure ..............................................................................................253
Input tags .............................................................................................254
Validation .............................................................................................265
Processing Data ............................................................................................266
Using CGI scripts and other programs ............................................267
Sending data by e-mail .......................................................................268
Designing User-Friendly Forms ...................................................................268
Marvelous Miscellany ..................................................................................270
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Chapter 15: Fun with Client-Side Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273
Adding Rollovers to Your Pages .................................................................274
Image rollovers with JavaScript ........................................................274
Text rollovers with CSS ......................................................................277
Displaying Dynamic Content on Your Page ...............................................280
HTML and JavaScript .........................................................................281
JavaScript and DOM ...........................................................................282
Displaying Pop-up Windows .......................................................................284
Working with Cookies ..................................................................................287
Marvelous Miscellany ..................................................................................290
Part V: HTML Projects ...............................................293
Chapter 16: The About Me Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295
Overview and Design Considerations ........................................................295
Audience analysis ...............................................................................295
Component elements .........................................................................296
Page Markup .................................................................................................296
Your home page ..................................................................................296
Looking good .......................................................................................298
Chapter 17: The eBay Auction Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301
Designing Your Auction Page ......................................................................302
Presentation Issues to Consider .................................................................305
Using a Template for Presenting Your Auction Item ................................306
Chapter 18: A Company Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309
Issues to Consider When Designing Your Site ..........................................309
Basic Elements of a Company’s Web Site ..................................................310
The home page ...................................................................................311
The products page .............................................................................313
The contact page ................................................................................315
The style sheet ....................................................................................316
Chapter 19: A Product Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319
Dissecting a Product Catalog ......................................................................319
Choosing a Shopping Cart ...........................................................................322
PayPal ...................................................................................................323
Other e-commerce solutions .............................................................323
Incorporating a PayPal shopping cart .............................................324
Page Markup .................................................................................................327
HTML 4 For Dummies, 5th Edition
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Part VI: The Part of Tens ............................................331
Chapter 20: Ten Cool HTML Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .333
HTML Editors ...............................................................................................334
Helper editors .....................................................................................334
WYSIWYG editors ...............................................................................336
Graphics Tools ..............................................................................................337
Photoshop Elements: The amateur champ .....................................337
Professional contenders ....................................................................338
Link Checkers ...............................................................................................339
Web Link Validator: The champ ........................................................339
Contenders ..........................................................................................340
HTML Validators ...........................................................................................340
W3C validator ......................................................................................341
Built-in validators ...............................................................................341
FTP Clients ....................................................................................................341
Swiss Army Knives .......................................................................................342
Chapter 21: Ten HTML Do’s and Don’ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343
Concentrate on Content ..............................................................................343
Never lose sight of your content ......................................................343
Structure your documents and your site ........................................344
Go Easy on the Graphics, Bells, Whistles, and Hungry Dinosaurs ........344
Make the most from the least ...........................................................345
Build attractive pages ........................................................................345
Create Well-Formulated HTML and Test ....................................................346
Keep track of those tags ....................................................................346
Avoid browser dependencies ............................................................347
Navigating your wild and woolly Web ..............................................348
Keep It Interesting After It’s Built! ..............................................................348
Think evolution, not revolution ........................................................348
Beating the two-dimensional text trap .............................................349
Overcome inertia through vigilance ................................................350
Chapter 22: Ten Ways to Exterminate Web Bugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351
Avoid Dead Ends and Spelling Faux Pas ....................................................351
Make a list and check it — twice ......................................................352
Master text mechanics .......................................................................352
Keep Your Perishables Fresh! .....................................................................353
Lack of live links — a loathsome legacy ..........................................353
When old links must linger ................................................................354
Make your content mirror your world .............................................354
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