Experimental demonstration of transverse mode
instability enhancement by a counter-pumped
scheme in a 2 kW all-fiberized laser
ZEBIAO LI,
1,2
ZHIHUA HUANG,
2
XIAOYU XIANG,
2
XIAOBAO LIANG,
2
HONGHUAN LIN,
2
SHANHUI XU,
1,3,4
ZHONGMIN YANG,
1,3,4,
*JIANJUN WANG,
2
AND FENG JING
2
1
State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Optical Communication Materials,
South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
2
Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
3
Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices,
South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
4
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology,
Guangzhou 510640, China
*Corresponding author: yangzm@scut.edu.cn
Received 24 November 2016; revised 6 January 2017; accepted 9 January 2017; posted 12 January 2017 (Doc. ID 281270);
published 13 February 2017
Transverse mode instability (TMI) has become the major limitation for power scaling of fiber lasers with nearly
diffraction-limited beam quality. Compared with a co-pumped fiber laser, a counter-pumped fiber laser reveals
TMI threshold enhancement through a semi-analytical model calculation. We demonstrated a 2 kW high-power
counter-pumped all-fiberized laser without observation of TMI. Compared with the co-pumped scheme, the TMI
threshold is enhanced at least 50% in counter-pumped scheme, moreover, stimulated Raman scattering and
four-wave mixing are suppressed simultaneously.
© 2017 Chinese Laser Press
OCIS codes: (060.2320) Fiber optics amplifiers and oscillators; (140.6810) Thermal effects; (190.3100) Instabilities and chaos.
https://doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.5.000077
1. INTRODUCTION
High-power fiber laser systems have experienced significant
development with an increasing average power in the 21st cen-
tury. Fiber lasers have been replacing gas lasers and solid-state
lasers in industrial markets including cutting, welding, and
drilling, due to good heat management, high conversion effi-
ciency and excellent beam quality. However, a novel nonlinear
effect, transverse mode instability (TMI), emerges in high-
power fiber laser systems and degrades the beam quality with
a sharp threshold [1]. Numerical, semi-analytical, and analyti-
cal models have been proposed to realize the TMI effect [2–5].
A thermal effect is responsible for onset of the TMI effect in
most of these models. Fiber design seems to be a useful way to
mitigate the TMI effect in the long term [6], while passive strat-
egies, such as shifting pump wavelength and decreasing pump
absorption, have been recently shown to be effective ways [7,8].
Nonetheless, other detrimental effects, including stimulated
Raman scattering (SRS), four-wave mixing (FWM), and am-
plified spontaneous emission (ASE), will be induced in these
systems, because of fiber lengthening to ensure pump
power depletion. For suppressing these nonlinear effects
simultaneously, utilizing a counter-pumped scheme in high-
power fiber laser systems can be a robust way.
Gain saturation has been proposed to increase TMI
threshold [9,10]. Different degrees of saturation break the
symmetry between co-pumped and counter-pumped schemes.
TMI thresholds of Yb-doped fiber ( YDF) lasers have been
computed in different pumping configurations, but no more
detailed experiments followed [9,10]. A model including pho-
todarkening effect indicated that a counter-propagating con-
figuration had a higher TMI threshold. TMI thresholds of
different pump configurations were compared to simulation
results, but the experimental results were limited by fiber
destruction [11].
In this paper, we have computed TMI thresholds in co-
pumped and counter-pumped schemes by a semi-analytical
model. Moreover, we investigated TMI in different pumped
schemes with our experimental setup. With a home-made
counter-pumped multimode power combiner (MPC), we dem-
onstrated a 2 kW all-fiberized laser without observation of
TMI. In addition, SRS and FWM are simultaneously sup-
pressed in the counter-pumped scheme.
Research Article
Vol. 5, No. 2 / April 2017 / Photonics Research 77
2327-9125/17/020077-05 Journal © 2017 Chinese Laser Press