使用JUnit进行Java测试实战指南

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"JUnit Testing Utility Tutorial.pdf" JUnit 是一个在Java编程语言中广泛使用的测试框架,它的主要目的是为了方便开发者对程序的特定部分进行精确的测试。这个框架具有可扩展性,能够用来单独或集体测试代码的多层次结构。JUnit 的引入使得测试过程更加系统化和规范化,从而提高软件的质量和可靠性。 为什么需要使用测试框架?使用测试框架如JUnit的一大优势在于它强制开发者明确声明程序执行路径的预期结果。在调试阶段,可以编写测试用例来表达期望达到的效果,然后逐步调试直到测试通过。通过一套覆盖项目核心组件的测试,当修改项目中的某个部分时,可以立即通过测试结果看到这些修改对其他部分的影响,从而快速发现潜在的副作用。 JUnit 鼓励采用“先测试后编码”的开发理念,允许开发者在编码之前或编码过程中就设定好测试,这被称为测试驱动开发(Test-Driven Development, TDD)。在TDD模式下,首先编写测试用例,然后编写满足这些测试的最小功能代码,确保每次改动都能通过已有的测试,这种方法有助于提高代码的健壮性和可维护性。 安装JUnit通常涉及将JUnit库添加到你的项目构建路径中,这在现代IDE如Eclipse、IntelliJ IDEA中通常是通过导入JUnit库或者添加依赖配置来实现的。对于Maven或Gradle项目,可以在pom.xml或build.gradle文件中添加JUnit的依赖项。 JUnit的基础使用包括创建测试类和测试方法。测试类通常以"Test"为后缀,每个测试方法以"test"开头。测试方法内,可以使用JUnit提供的断言(assert)方法来验证代码的行为是否符合预期。例如,`assertEquals(expected, actual)`用于检查实际结果与预期结果是否相等,`assertTrue(condition)`则用于验证条件是否为真。 更进阶的JUnit特性包括注解(Annotation),如`@Before`和`@After`用于定义在每个测试方法之前和之后执行的初始化和清理代码,`@Test`注解标记测试方法。`@Ignore`可以忽略某个测试,`@RunWith`可以指定运行器(Runner),如Parameterized Runner可以进行参数化测试。 此外,JUnit还支持异常测试,可以使用`assertThrows()`来验证方法是否抛出了预期的异常。时间限制测试则可以通过`@Timeout`注解来设置测试方法的最大执行时间,防止无限循环等问题。 为了组织和管理测试,JUnit 提供了测试套件(Test Suite),可以组合多个测试类或单个测试方法进行批量运行。同时,JUnit5引入了Lambda表达式和流API,使测试用例的编写更加简洁和灵活。 JUnit是一个强大的工具,帮助开发者编写可重复、可靠的单元测试,确保代码质量并简化调试过程。通过学习和熟练掌握JUnit,开发者可以更好地实践TDD,提升代码的稳定性和项目的整体质量。

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:132) at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:123) at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:118) at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83) at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:43) at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:244) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$4.run(ParentRunner.java:331) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:79) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:329) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$100(ParentRunner.java:66) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:293) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBefor

2023-05-31 上传

org.junit.ComparisonFailure: expected:<456[]> but was:<456[ ]> at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:115) at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:144) at Dao.BookDaoTest.testAddBook(BookDaoTest.java:60) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:89) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:41) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:541) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:763) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:463) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:209)

2023-06-12 上传

java.lang.NullPointerException at com.example.machinepotest.mappertest.tes(mappertest.java:23) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(ReflectionUtils.java:725) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.MethodInvocation.proceed(MethodInvocation.java:60) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain$ValidatingInvocation.proceed(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:131) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.intercept(TimeoutExtension.java:149) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.interceptTestableMethod(TimeoutExtension.java:140) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.interceptTestMethod(TimeoutExtension.java:84) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker$ReflectiveInterceptorCall.lambda$ofVoidMethod$0(ExecutableInvoker.java:115) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.lambda$invoke$0(ExecutableInvoker.java:105) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain$InterceptedInvocation.proceed(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:106) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.proceed(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:64) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.chainAndInvoke(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:45) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.invoke(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:37) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.invoke(ExecutableInvoker.java:104) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.invoke(ExecutableInvoker.java:98) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestMethod$7(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:214) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.invokeTestMethod(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:210) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:135) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:66) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:151) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95)

2023-05-16 上传