Pro Android 4 英文版：全面安卓开发指南

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"Pro Android 4 英文版"是一本深入浅出的安卓开发指南，专为Android开发者打造。该书涵盖了Android平台的核心知识点，旨在帮助读者快速熟悉并掌握Android应用开发。全书共分为17个章节，从基础入门到高级主题，全面覆盖了Android编程的各个方面。第1章"Introducing the Android Computing Platform"介绍了Android系统的整体架构和设计理念，引导读者了解Android作为一个移动计算平台的特点和优势。第二章"Setting Up Your Development Environment"详细讲解了如何配置开发环境，包括安装Android Studio等开发工具，确保开发者能够顺利启动项目。第三章"Understanding Android Resources"深入解析Android中的资源管理，如布局文件、字符串资源、图片和颜色等，这对于创建多样化的用户界面至关重要。第四章"Understanding Content Providers"阐述了内容提供者(Content Providers)的作用，帮助开发者理解和构建应用程序间的数据共享机制。第五章"Understanding Intents"讲解了Intent在Android中的作用，它是应用程序间通信的主要方式，用于启动活动、传递数据等。第六章至第九章分别讨论了用户界面的构建与优化、菜单设计、Fragment技术以及对话框的使用，这些都是构建丰富功能应用的基础。第十章"Exploring ActionBar"涉及ActionBar的设计和使用，它是Android 3.0及以上版本的标准导航组件，有助于提升应用的用户体验。第十一章"Advanced Debugging and Analysis"深入探讨了调试技巧和性能分析，是提高代码质量和解决复杂问题的关键。第十二章"Responding to Configuration Changes"讲解了如何处理设备旋转、屏幕大小变化等配置变更，确保应用在不同设备上表现一致。第十三章"Working with Preferences and Saving State"涵盖了保存用户设置和状态管理，这对于构建可自定义且持久的应用至关重要。第十四章"Exploring Security and Permissions"着重于Android的安全机制和权限管理，确保应用在满足隐私和安全需求的同时正常运行。最后两章，第十五章"Building and Consuming Services"介绍服务(Service)的创建和调用，服务是Android后台执行任务的重要手段；第十六章和第十七章则关注包(Packages)管理和Handler机制，这些都是Android应用设计中不可或缺的部分。 "Pro Android 4 英文版"是一本非常实用的参考资料，无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中获取深入且实用的知识，提升你的Android开发技能。

CHAPTER 1: Introducing the Android Computing Platform

loaded as XML files and because resource IDs for those menus are auto-generated.

Here’s how you would declare menus in an XML file:

<item android:id="@+id/menu_clear"

android:orderInCategory="10"

android:title="clear" />

<item android:id="@+id/menu_show_browser"

android:orderInCategory="5"

android:title="show browser" />

</group>

</menu>

Android supports dialogs, and all dialogs in Android are asynchronous. These

asynchronous dialogs present a special challenge to developers accustomed to the

synchronous modal dialogs in some windowing frameworks. We’ll address menus in

Chapter 7 and dialogs in Chapter 9.

Android offers extensive support for animation. There are three fundamental ways to

accomplish animation. You can do frame-by-frame animation. Or you can provide

tweening animation by changing view transformation matrices (position, scale, rotation,

and alpha). Or you can also do tweening animation by changing properties of objects.

The property-based animation is introduced in 3.0 and is the most flexible and

recommended way to accomplish animation. All of these animations are covered in

Chapter 21.

Moreover, Android allows you to define these animations in an XML resource file. Check

out this example, in which a series of numbered images is played in frame-by-frame

animation:

<animation-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:oneshot="false">

……

</animation-list>

Android also supports 3D graphics through its implementation of the OpenGL ES 1.0

and 2.0 standards. OpenGL ES, like OpenGL, is a C-based flat API. The Android SDK,

because it’s a Java-based programming API, needs to use Java binding to access the

OpenGL ES. Java ME has already defined this binding through Java Specification

Request (JSR) 239 for OpenGL ES, and Android uses the same Java binding for

OpenGL ES in its implementation. If you are not familiar with OpenGL programming, the

learning curve is steep. Due to space limitations, we are not able to include the OpenGL

coverage in the fourth edition of the book. However we have over 100 pages of

coverage in our third edition.

Android has a number of new concepts that revolve around information at your fingertips

using the home screen. The first of these is live folders. Using live folders, you can

publish a collection of items as a folder on the homepage. The contents of this collection

change as the underlying data changes. This changing data could be either on the

CHAPTER 1: Introducing the Android Computing Platform

device or from the Internet. Due to space limitations, we are not able to cover live folders

in the fourth edition of the book. However, the third edition includes extensive coverage.

The second homepage-based idea is the home screen widget. Home screen widgets are

used to paint information on the homepage using a UI widget. This information can

change at regular intervals. An example could be the number of e-mail messages in your

e-mail store. We describe home screen widgets in Chapter 25. The home screen

widgets are enhanced in 3.0 to include list views that can get updated when their

underlying data changes. These enhancements are covered in Chapter 26.

Integrated Android Search is the third homepage-based idea. Using integrated search,

you can search for content both on the device and also across the Internet. Android

search goes beyond search and allows you to fire off commands through the search

control. Due to space limitations, we can’t include coverage of the search API in the

fourth edition of the book. However, it is covered in the third edition.

Android also supports touchscreen and gestures based on finger movements on the

device. Android allows you to record any random motion on the screen as a named

gesture. This gesture can then be used by applications to indicate specific actions. We

cover touchscreens and gestures in Chapter 27.

Sensors are now becoming a significant part of the mobile experience. We cover

sensors in Chapter 29.

Another necessary innovation required for a mobile device is the dynamic nature of its

configurations. For instance, it is very easy to change the viewing mode of a handheld

between portrait and landscape. Or you may dock your handheld to become a laptop.

Android 3.0 has introduced a concept called fragments to deal with these variations

effectively. Chapter 8 is dedicated to fragments, and Chapter 12 talks about how to deal

with configuration changes.

We also cover the 3.0 feature (which is much enhanced in 4.0) of action bars in Chapter 10.

Action bars bring Android up to par with a desktop menu bar paradigm.

Drag-and-drop is introduced for tablets in 3.0. This feature is now available to phones as

well. We cover drag-and-drop in Chapter 28.

Handheld devices are fully aware of a cloud-based environment. To make server-side

HTTP calls, it is important to understand the threading model to avoid Application Not

Responding messages. We cover the mechanisms available for asynchronous

processing in Chapter 18.

Outside of the Android SDK, there are a number of independent innovations taking place

to make development exciting and easy. Some examples are XML/VM, PhoneGap, and

Titanium. Titanium allows you to use HTML technologies to program the WebKit-based

Android browser. We covered Titanium in the second edition of this book. However, due

to time and space limitations, we are not covering Titanium in this edition.

CHAPTER 1: Introducing the Android Computing Platform

Android Service Components

Security is a fundamental part of the Android platform. In Android, security spans all

phases of the application life cycle—from design-time policy considerations to runtime

boundary checks. We cover security and permissions in Chapter 14.

In Chapter 15, we’ll show you how to build and consume services in Android,

specifically HTTP services. This chapter will also cover interprocess communication

(communication between applications on the same device).

Location-based service is another of the more exciting components of the Android SDK.

This portion of the SDK provides application developers with APIs to display and

manipulate maps, as well as obtain real-time device-location information. We’ll cover

these ideas in detail in Chapter 22.

Android Media and Telephony Components

Android has APIs that cover audio, video, and telephony components. Chapter 23 will

address the telephony API. We’ll cover the audio and video APIs extensively in

Chapter 24.

Starting with Android 2.0, Android includes the Pico Text-to-Speech engine. Due to

space limitations, we are not able to include Text-to-Speech coverage in the fourth

edition of the book. The third edition does cover the Text-to-Speech API.

Last but not least, Android ties all these concepts into an application by creating a single

XML file that defines what an application package is. This file is called the application’s

manifest file (AndroidManifest.xml). Here is an example:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

package="com.ai.android.HelloWorld"

android:versionCode="1"

android:versionName="1.0.0">

<activity android:name=".HelloWorld"

android:label="@string/app_name">

<intent-filter>

</intent-filter>

</activity>

</application>

</manifest>

The Android manifest file is where activities are defined, where services and content

providers are registered, and where permissions are declared. Details about the

manifest file will emerge throughout the book as we develop each idea.

CHAPTER 1: Introducing the Android Computing Platform

Android Java Packages

One way to get a quick snapshot of the Android platform is to look at the structure of

Java packages. Because Android deviates from the standard JDK distribution, it is

important to know what is supported and what is not. Here’s a brief description of the

important packages that are included in the Android SDK:

android.app: Implements the Application model for Android. Primary

classes include Application, representing the start and stop

semantics, as well as a number of activity-related classes, fragments,

controls, dialogs, alerts, and notifications. We work with most of these

classes through out this book.

android.app.admin: Provides the ability to control the device by folks

such as enterprise administrators.

android.accounts: Provides classes to manage accounts such as

Google, Facebook, and so on. The primary classes are

AccountManager and Account. We cover this API briefly in Chapter 30

when we discuss the Contacts API.

android.animation: Hosts all the new property animation classes.

These clases are extensively covered in Chapter 21.

android.app.backup: Provides hooks for applications to back up and

restore their data when folks switch their devices.

android.appwidget: Provides functionality for home screen widgets.

This package is covered extensively in Chapter 25 and Chapter 26

when we talk about home screen widgets, including list-based

widgets.

android.bluetooth: Provides a number of classes to work with

Bluetooth functionality. The main classes include BluetoothAdapter,

BluetoothDevice, BluetoothSocket, BluetoothServerSocket, and

BluetoothClass. You can use BluetoothAdapter to control the locally

installed Bluetooth adapter. For example, you can enable it, disable it,

and start the discovery process. BluetoothDevice represents the

remote Bluetooth device that you are connecting with. The two

Bluetooth sockets are used to establish communication between the

devices. A Bluetooth class represents the type of Bluetooth device you

are connecting to.

android.content: Implements the concepts of content providers.

Content providers abstract out data access from data stores. This

package also implements the central ideas around intents and Android

Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). These classes are covered in

Chapter 4.

CHAPTER 1: Introducing the Android Computing Platform

android.content.pm: Implements package manager–related classes. A

package manager knows about permissions, installed packages,

installed providers, installed services, installed components such as

activities, and installed applications.

android.content.res: Provides access to resource files, both

structured and unstructured. The primary classes are AssetManager

(for unstructured resources) and Resources. Some of the classes from

this package are covered in Chapter 3.

android.database: Implements the idea of an abstract database. The

primary interface is the Cursor interface. Some of the classes from this

package are covered in Chapter 4.

android.database.sqlite: Implements the concepts from the

android.database package using SQLite as the physical database.

Primary classes are SQLiteCursor, SQLiteDatabase, SQLiteQuery,

SQLiteQueryBuilder, and SQLiteStatement. However, most of your

interaction is going to be with classes from the abstract

android.database package.

android.drm: Classes related to Digital Rights Management.

android.gesture: Houses all the classes and interfaces necessary to

work with user-defined gestures. Primary classes are Gesture,

GestureLibrary, GestureOverlayView, GestureStore, GestureStroke,

and GesturePoint. A Gesture is a collection of GestureStrokes and

GesturePoints. Gestures are collected in a GestureLibrary. Gesture

libraries are stored in a GestureStore. Gestures are named so that they

can be identified as actions. Some of the classes from this package

are covered in Chapter 27.

android.graphics: Contains the classes Bitmap, Canvas, Camera, Color,

Matrix, Movie, Paint, Path, Rasterizer, Shader, SweepGradient, and

TypeFace.

android.graphics.drawable: Implements drawing protocols and

background images, and allows animation of drawable objects.

android.graphics.drawable.shapes: Implements shapes including

ArcShape, OvalShape, PathShape, RectShape, and RoundRectShape.

android.hardware: Implements the physical Camera-related classes.

The Camera represents the hardware camera, whereas

android.graphics.Camera represents a graphical concept that’s not

to a physical camera at all.

android.hardware.usb: Lets you talk to USB devices from Android.

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