奇异流形上临界锥Sobolev指数半线性椭圆方程nodal解

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"奇异流形上带临界锥Sobolev指数半线性椭圆方程nodal解的存在性——刘晓春,梅媛" 这篇论文主要探讨的是在具有锥形奇性的流形上,半线性椭圆方程存在nodal解(即变号解)的问题。该研究涉及到了微分方程理论、几何分析和函数空间理论等多个领域的交叉知识。 首先,文章介绍了“锥Sobolev空间”这一概念,这是在处理具有奇异性的流形上进行分析的重要工具。Sobolev空间是一类包含弱导数的函数空间,在微分方程理论中广泛应用,特别是在处理边值问题时。而“锥Sobolev空间”则是针对具有锥状奇点的流形而定义的,它允许函数在这些奇异点处有特定的发散行为。 接着,作者们引入了“赋权的锥Sobolev空间”和相关的“锥Sobolev不等式”及“Poincaré不等式”。赋权的锥Sobolev空间是指在函数的空间范数中考虑了权重函数的影响,这使得在奇异点附近的函数性质可以得到更精确的刻画。锥Sobolev不等式是这类空间的一个基本性质,它提供了从L^p到L^q的嵌入关系,而Poincaré不等式则反映了空间中函数的平均值与其L^2范数之间的关系。 论文的核心在于证明在临界锥Sobolev指数条件下,半线性椭圆方程存在nodal解。这里的“临界指数”指的是Sobolev嵌入的临界指数,当指数达到这个值时,嵌入不再是连续的,从而导致一些新的数学现象。nodal解是指解在流形的不同区域中符号相反的解,这样的解通常具有非平凡的拓扑结构。 为了证明这个结果,作者们采用了能量泛函的方法,定义了与方程相对应的Nehari集合,并对其进行了细致的估计。Nehari集合是由满足某种条件的函数构成的集合,通常用于研究非线性椭圆方程的解的存在性和性质。通过对Nehari集合的分析,可以揭示解的能量特性,并且为解的存在性提供证据。 这篇论文是数学研究中的一个重要贡献,它深化了我们对奇异流形上微分方程解的理解,尤其是在处理具有临界指数的非线性问题时。这一工作对于进一步研究流形上的椭圆方程、奇点理论以及相关的几何问题具有重要意义。

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帮我地道的翻译:The differential variational inequalities ((DVIs), for short) are useful for the study of models involving both dynamics and constraints in the form of in￾equalities. They arise in many applications: electrical circuits with ideal diodes, Coulomb friction problems for contacting bodies, economical dynamics, dynamic traffic networks. Pang and Stewart [26], [27] established the existence, unique￾ness, and Lipschitz dependence of solutions subject to boundary conditions for (DVIs) in finite dimensional spaces. Han and Pang investigated a class of dif￾ferential quasi-variational inequalities in [11], and Li, Huang and O’Regan [18] studied a class of differential mixed variational inequalities in finite dimensional Well-Posedness of Differential Mixed Quasi-Variational-Inequalities 137 spaces. Gwinner [8] obtained an equivalence result between (DVIs) and projected dynamical systems. In [9] he also proved a stability property for (DVIs) by using the monotonicity method of Browder and Minty, and Mosco set convergence. Chen and Wang [4] studied dynamic Nash equilibrium problems which have the formulation of differential mixed quasi-variational inequalities. Elastoplastic contact problems can also be incorporated into (DMQVIs) formulation because general dynamic processes in the nonsmooth unilateral contact problems are governed by quasi-variational inequalities. A numerical study for nonsmooth contact problems with Tresca friction can be found in [10], Liu, Loi and Obukhovskii [19] studied the existence and global bifurcation for periodic solutions of a class of (DVIs) by using the topological degree theory for multivalued maps and the method of guiding functions. For more details about (DVIs) we refer to [3], [30], [12], [22]–[21].

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3)A digital clock consists of a screen to display the time and a dial for setting in turn the year, month, day, hour and minute. Twisting the dial to the left reduces by one the value being changed but twisting it to the right increases it by one. Pushing the dial alters which value is being adjusted. At first, it is the year but after the dial is pushed once, it is the month, then after the dial is pushed again, it is the day and so on. Imagine the clock is represented by a class with attributes year, month, day etc. The following is what the code for a method rotateDialLeft() might look like. public void rotateDialLeft() { if (mode == YEAR_MODE) { year--; } else if (mode == MONTH_MODE) { month--; } else if (mode == DAY_MODE) { day--; } else if (mode == HOUR_MODE) { hour--; } else if (mode == MINUTE_MODE) { minute--; } } The code for rotateDialRight() is similar. Apply the Open-Closed Principle to explain why the above code is unsatisfactory from the design viewpoint, considering the possibility of future change to the code, giving an example of such a change. 5)Give the code required for the classes introduced in question 3), focusing on the code for a method selectState() which changes the value that is being adjusted from years to months. Make it clear in which classes the code is to be found. Assume the existence of other methods that are needed such as getMonthSetUpState(). 8)Suppose that in a multiplayer role-playing game, a class Client has a dependency to an interface Fighter with public methods attack(), defend() and escape(). The game designer now wishes for Client to use a class Wizard with three different but equivalent public methods castDestructionSpell(), shield() and portal(). Explain how it is possible to do this using an appropriate design pattern.

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