BPMN2.0技术规范详解：图符、释义与实例

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BPMN2（Business Process Model and Notation 2.0）是业务流程模型与notation的最新版本，由Object Management Group (OMG)制定，发布于2011年1月。该规范提供了完整的图形符号、术语解释以及实例，旨在标准化企业流程建模和管理。BPMN 2.0在流程设计、沟通与实施中发挥着核心作用，支持了各种复杂业务流程的可视化表达。图符部分，BPMN 2.0包含了一系列用于表示不同业务活动、控制流、数据流和泳道等元素的图形元素，如流程图、任务、决策节点、循环、事件等。这些符号使得流程设计师能够直观地描述业务流程的不同阶段和交互。释义方面，BPMN 2.0定义了每个符号的具体含义，包括它们的行为、约束和可能的扩展，确保了跨工具和组织之间的理解和一致性。此外，还涉及流程的启动、执行、中断、结束和关联规则，以及如何处理并发、并行和顺序流程。实例部分，文档提供了一些详细的示例，展示了如何使用BPMN 2.0图例来构建实际的业务流程模型，帮助读者更好地理解和应用这些技术。这些例子涵盖了从简单流程到复杂流程的各种场景，有助于开发者和分析师在实践中掌握标准。相关文件包括数据类型和交换格式，如XMI（XML Metadata Interchange）、XSD（XML Schema Definition）和XSLT（Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations），这些文件用于模型的转换、验证和共享。此外，还有与之相关的基础设施和语义模型文件，它们扩展了BPMN 2.0的基础，支持与外部系统集成和模型间通信。版权信息显示，BPMN 2.0的标准是由多个组织共同贡献和维护的，包括Axway、BizAgi、Bruce Silver Associates等，这体现了业界对此规范的广泛认可和支持。使用此规范时，应遵循 OMG 的条款、条件和通知，确保合规性和版权尊重。总结来说，BPMN 2.0技术规范是企业流程管理的重要工具，通过统一的图形语言和明确的规则，它促进了跨组织间的流程设计和协作，对于提升业务流程效率和可见性具有显著价值。

x Business Process Model and Notation, v2.0

Figure 10.62 - InputSet class diagram 219

Figure 10.63 - OutputSet class diagram 220

Figure 10.64 - DataAssociation class diagram 222

Figure 10.65 - A Data Association 222

Figure 10.66 - A Data Association used for an Outputs and Inputs into an Activities 222

Figure 10.67 - A Data Object shown as an output and an inputs 224

Figure 10.68 - A Data Object associated with a Sequence Flow 225

Figure 10.69 - The Event Class Diagram 234

Figure 10.70 - Start Event 238

Figure 10.71 - End Event 246

Figure 10.72 - Intermediate Event 250

Figure 10.73 - EventDefinition Class Diagram 262

Figure 10.74 - Cancel Events 263

Figure 10.75 - Compensation Events 263

Figure 10.76 - CompensationEventDefinition Class Diagram 264

Figure 10.77 - Conditional Events 265

Figure 10.78 - ConditionalEventDefinition Class Diagram 265

Figure 10.79 - Error Events 265

Figure 10.80 - ErrorEventDefinition Class Diagram 266

Figure 10.81 - Escalation Events 266

Figure 10.82 - EscalationEventDefinition Class Diagram 267

Figure 10.83 - Link Events 267

Figure 10.84 - Link Events Used as Off-Page Connector 268

Figure 10.85 - A Process with a long Sequence Flow 269

Figure 10.86 - A Process with Link Intermediate Events used as Go To Objects 269

Figure 10.87 - Link Events Used for looping 270

Figure 10.88 - Message Events 270

Figure 10.89 - MessageEventDefinition Class Diagram 271

Figure 10.90 - Multiple Events 272

Figure 10.91 - None Events 272

Figure 10.92 - Multiple Events 273

Figure 10.93 - SignalEventDefinition Class Diagram 273

Figure 10.94 - Signal Events 273

Figure 10.95 - Terminate Event 274

Figure 10.96 - Timer Events 274

Figure 10.97 - Exclusive start of a Process 275

Figure 10.98 - A Process initiated by an Event-Based Gateway 276

Figure 10.99 - Event synchronization at Process start 276

Figure 10.100 - Example of inline Event Handling via Event Sub-Processes 278

Figure 10.101 - Example of boundary Event Handling 279

Figure 10.102 - A Gateway 287

Figure 10.103 - The Different types of Gateways 288

Figure 10.104 - Gateway class diagram 289

Figure 10.105 - An Exclusive Data-Based Decision (Gateway) Example without the Internal Indicator 290

Figure 10.106 - A Data-Based Exclusive Decision (Gateway) Example with the Internal Indicator 291

Figure 10.107 - Exclusive Gateway class diagram 291

Figure 10.108 - An example using an Inclusive Gateway 292

Business Process Model and Notation, v2.0 xi

Figure 10.109 - Inclusive Gateway class diagram 293

Figure 10.110 - An example using an Parallel Gateway 294

Figure 10.111 - An example of a synchronizing Parallel Gateway 294

Figure 10.112 - Parallel Gateway class diagram 295

Figure 10.113 - An example using a Complex Gateway 295

Figure 10.114 - Complex Gateway class diagram 296

Figure 10.115 – Event-Based Gateway 297

Figure 10.116 - An Event-Based Gateway example using Message Intermediate Events 298

Figure 10.117 - An Event-Based Gateway example using Receive Tasks 298

Figure 10.118 - Exclusive Event-Based Gateway to start a Process 299

Figure 10.119 - Parallel Event-Based Gateway to start a Process 299

Figure 10.120 - Event-Based Gateway class diagram 300

Figure 10.121- Compensation through a boundary Event 303

Figure 10.122 - Monitoring Class Diagram 304

Figure 10.123 - Two Lanes in a Vertical Pool 306

Figure 10.124 - Two Lanes in a horizontal Pool 306

Figure 10.125 - An Example of Nested Lanes 307

Figure 10.126 - The Lane class diagram 308

Figure 10.127 - One Process supporting to another 310

Figure 10.128 - Auditing Class Diagram 311

Figure 10.129 - Monitoring Class Diagram 312

Figure 11.1 - The Choreography metamodel 316

Figure 11.2 - An example of a Choreography 317

Figure 11.3 - A Collaboration diagram logistics example 318

Figure 11.4 - The corresponding Choreography diagram logistics example 319

Figure 11.5 - The use of Sequence Flows in a Choreography 320

Figure 11.6 - The metamodel segment for a Choreography Activity 322

Figure 11.7 - A Collaboration view of Choreography Task elements 323

Figure 11.8 - A Choreography Task 323

Figure 11.9 - A Collaboration view of a Choreography Task 324

Figure 11.10 - A two-way Choreography Task 324

Figure 11.11 - A Collaboration view of a two-way Choreography Task 325

Figure 11.12 - Choreography Task Markers 326

Figure 11.13 - The Collaboration view of a looping Choreography Task 326

Figure 11.14 - The Collaboration view of a Parallel Multi-Instance Choreography Task 327

Figure 11.15 - A Choreography Task with a multiple Participant 327

Figure 11.16 - A Collaboration view of a Choreography Task with a multiple Participant 328

Figure 11.17- A Sub-Choreography 329

Figure 11.18 - A Collaboration view of a Sub-Choreography 329

Figure 11.19 - An expanded Sub-Choreography 330

Figure 11.20 - A Collaboration view of an expanded Sub-Choreography 330

Figure 11.21 - Sub-Choreography (Collapsed) with More than Two Participants 331

Figure 11.22 - Sub-Choreography Markers 332

Figure 11.23 - Sub-Choreography Markers with a multi-instance Participant 332

Figure 11.24 - A Call Choreography calling a Global Choreography Task 333

Figure 11.25 - A Call Choreography calling a Choreography (Collapsed) 333

Figure 11.26 - A Call Choreography calling a Choreography (expanded) 334

xii Business Process Model and Notation, v2.0

Figure 11.27- The Call Choreography class diagram 334

Figure 11.28 - A valid sequence of Choreography Activities 336

Figure 11.29 - The corresponding Collaboration for a valid Choreography sequence 337

Figure 11.30 - A valid sequence of Choreography Activities with a two-way Activity 337

Figure 11.31 - The corresponding Collaboration for a valid Choreography sequence with a two-way Activity 338

Figure 11.32 - An invalid sequence of Choreography Activities 338

Figure 11.33 - The corresponding Collaboration for an invalid Choreography sequence 339

Figure 11.34 - An example of the Exclusive Gateway 346

Figure 11.35 - The relationship of Choreography Activity Participants across the sides of the Exclusive Gateway

shown through a Collaboration 347

Figure 11.36 - Different Receiving Choreography Activity Participants on the output sides of the Exclusive Gateway

348

Figure 11.37 - The corresponding Collaboration view of the above Choreography Exclusive Gateway configuration

349

Figure 11.38 - An example of an Event Gateway 350

Figure 11.39 - The corresponding Collaboration view of the above Choreography Event Gateway configuration 351

Figure 11.40 - An example of a Choreography Inclusive Gateway configuration 353

Figure 11.41 - The corresponding Collaboration view of the above Choreography Inclusive Gateway configuration

354

Figure 11.42 - An example of a Choreography Inclusive Gateway configuration 355

Figure 11.43 - The corresponding Collaboration view of the above Choreography Inclusive Gateway configuration

356

Figure 11.44 - Another example of a Choreography Inclusive Gateway configuration 357

Figure 11.45 - The corresponding Collaboration view of the above Choreography Inclusive Gateway configuration

358

Figure 11.46 - The relationship of Choreography Activity Participants across the sides of the Parallel Gateway 359

Figure 11.47 - The corresponding Collaboration view of the above Choreography Parallel Gateway configuration

360

Figure 11.48 - An example of a Choreography Complex Gateway configuration 361

Figure 11.49 - The corresponding Collaboration view of the above Choreography Complex Gateway configuration

362

Figure 11.50 - An example of a Choreography Process combined with Black Box Pools 363

Figure 11.51 - An example of a Choreography Process combined with Pools that contain Processes 364

Figure 12.1 - BPMN Diagram 369

Figure 12.2 - BPMN Plane 369

Figure 12.3 - BPMN Shape 369

Figure 12.4 - BPMN Edge 370

Figure 12.5 - BPMN Label 370

Figure 12.6 - Depicting a Label for a DataObjectReference with its state 381

Figure 12.7 - Combined Compensation and Loop Characteristic Marker Example 384

Figure 12.8 - Expanded Sub-Process Example 413

Figure 12.9 - Start and End Events on the Border Example 414

Figure 12.10 - Collapsed Sub-Process 416

Figure 12.11 - Contents of Collapsed Sub-Process 416

Figure 12.12 - Nested Lanes Example 418

Figure 12.13 - Vertical Collaboration Example 419

Figure 12.14 - Conversation Example 420

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