MIMO-OFDM无线通信的MATLAB实现与解析

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"MIMO-OFDM无线通信与MATLAB" MIMO-OFDM（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing）无线通信是一种先进的无线通信技术，结合了MIMO技术和OFDM技术的优势，旨在提高数据传输速率、增强通信系统的可靠性和抗干扰能力。本书《MIMO-OFDM无线通信与MATLAB》由来自韩国知名大学的专家共同编写，为读者提供了深入理解和应用MIMO-OFDM系统所必需的知识。 MIMO技术是通过在发射端使用多个天线，接收端同样使用多个天线，来实现空间复用和分集，从而提高信道容量和传输可靠性。这种技术能够利用空间多样性的优势，即使在信道条件较差的情况下也能保持通信质量。 OFDM技术是一种多载波调制方式，它将高速数据流分割成多个较低速率的数据流，在多个正交子载波上进行传输。OFDM的主要优点是其对频率选择性衰落的抵抗能力强，且易于实现，尤其适合于宽带无线通信系统，如4G和5G移动通信。书中结合MATLAB仿真程序，为读者提供了实际操作和验证理论概念的机会。MATLAB是一款强大的数学计算软件，广泛用于信号处理、通信系统建模和仿真。通过MATLAB，读者可以模拟MIMO-OFDM系统的工作过程，包括信道编码、调制解调、符号同步、频谱效率分析以及信道估计等关键环节。在MIMO-OFDM系统中，信道估计是非常重要的一环，因为它直接影响到接收端的数据恢复。书中的MATLAB代码可能涵盖MMSE（最小均方误差）信道估计、LMMSE（线性最小均方误差）信道估计等方法，帮助读者理解如何在实际系统中实现有效的信道估计。此外，书中还可能涉及MIMO-OFDM系统的性能分析，如误码率（BER）和吞吐量分析，以及不同MIMO配置下的系统性能比较。这有助于读者了解如何优化系统参数以达到最佳性能。《MIMO-OFDM无线通信与MATLAB》不仅提供了理论知识，还通过实例和仿真实验帮助读者掌握实际应用技巧，对于研究和学习无线通信技术的学者和工程师来说，是一份非常有价值的参考资料。通过学习这本书，读者可以深入理解MIMO-OFDM系统的原理，提升在无线通信领域的专业技能。

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signal detection for spatially-multiplexed MIMO systems, precoding and antenna selection

techniques, and multiuser MIMO systems.

Most MATLAB

programs are presented in a complete form so that the readers with no

programming skill can run them instantly and focus on understanding the concepts and

characteristics of MIMO-OFDM systems. The contents of this book are derived from the works

of many great scholars, engineers, researchers, all of whom are deeply appreciated.

We would like to thank the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which

contribute to enriching this book. We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to colleagues

and former students who developed source programs: Dr. Won Gi Jeon, Dr. Kyung-Won Park,

Dr. Mi-Hyun Lee, Dr. Kyu-In Lee, and Dr. Jong-Ho Paik. Special thanks should be given to Ph.D

candidates who supported in preparing the typescript of the book: Kyung Soo Woo, Jung-Wook

Wee, Chang Hwan Park, Yeong Jun Kim, Yo Han Ko, Hyun Il Yoo, Tae Ho Im, and many MS

students in the Digital Communication Lab at Chung-Ang University. We also thank the editorial

and production staffs, including Ms. Renee Lee of John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd and

Ms. A p ara jita Srivastava of Thom son Digit al , for their kind, efﬁcient, and enco u r a g in g

guidance.

Program ﬁles can be downloaded from http://comm.cau.ac.kr/MIMO OFDM/index.html.

xiv Preface

The Wireless Channel: Propagation

and Fading

The performance of wireless commun ication systems is mainly governed by the wireless

channel environment. As opposed to the typically static and predictable characteristics of a

wired channel, the wireless channel is rather dynamic and unpredictable, which makes an exact

analysis of the wireless communication system often difﬁcult. In recent years, optimization of

the wireless commun ication system has become critical with the rapid growth of mobile

communication services and emerging broadband mobile Internet access serv ices. In fact, the

understanding of wireless channels will lay the foundation for the development of high

performance and bandwidth-efﬁcient wireless transmission technology.

In wireless commun ication, radio propa gation refers to the behavior of radio waves when

they are propagated from transm itter to receiver. In the course of propagation, radio waves are

mainly affected by three different modes of physical phenomena: reﬂection, diffraction, and

scattering [1,2]. Reﬂection is the physical phenomenon that occurs when a propagating

electromagnetic wave impinges upon an object with very large dimensions compared to the

wavelength, for example, surface of the earth and building. It forces the transmit signal power to

be reﬂected back to its origin rather than being passed all the way along the path to the receiver.

Diffraction refers to various phenomena that occur when the radio path betwee n the transmitter

and receiver is obstructed by a surface with sharp irregularities or small openings. It appears as a

bending of waves around the small obstacles and spreading out of waves past small openings.

The secondary waves generated by diffraction are useful for establish ing a path between the

transmitter and receiver, even when a line-of-sight path is not present. Scattering is the physical

phenomenon that forces the radiation of an electromagnetic wave to deviate from a straight path

by one or more local obstacles, with small dimensions compared to the wavelength. Those

obstacles that induce scattering, such as foliage, street signs, and lamp posts, are referred to as

the scatters. In other words, the propagation of a radio wave is a complicated and less

predictable process that is governed by reﬂection, diffraction, and scattering, whose intensity

varies with different environments at different instances.

A unique characteristic in a wireless channel is a phenomenon called ‘fading,’ the variation

of the signal amplitude over time and frequency. In contrast with the additive noise as the most

MIMO OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB



Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang

and Chung G. Kang

 2010 John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd

common source of signal degradation, fading is another source of signal degradation that is

characterized as a non-additive signal disturbance in the wireless channel. Fading may either be

due to multipath propagation, referred to as multi-path (induced) fading, or to shadowing from

obstacles that affect the propagation of a radio wave, referred to as shadow fading.

The fading phenomenon in the wireless communication channel was initially modeled for

HF (High Frequency, 330 MHz), UHF (Ultra HF, 3003000 GHz), and SHF (Super HF,

330 GHz) bands in the 1950s and 1960s. Currently, the most popular wireless channel models

have been established for 800MHz to 2.5 GHz by extensive channel measurements in the ﬁeld.

These include the ITU-R standard channel models specialized for a single-antenna communi-

cation system, typically referred to as a SISO (Single Input Single Output) communication,

over some frequency bands. Meanwhile, spatial channel models for a multi-antenna commu-

nication system, referred to as the MIMO (Multiple Input Mul tiple Output) system, have been

recently developed by the various research and standardiza tion activities such as IEEE 802,

METRA Project, 3GPP/3GPP2, and WINNER Projects, aiming at high-speed wireless

transmission and diversity gain.

The fading phenomenon can be broadly classiﬁed into two different types: large-scale fading

and small-scale fading. Large-scale fading occurs as the mobile moves through a large distance,

for example, a distance of the order of cell size [1]. It is caused by path loss of signal as a

function of distance and shadowing by large objects such as buildings, intervening terrains, and

vegetation. Shadowing is a slow fading process characterized by variation of median path loss

between the transmitter and receiver in ﬁxed locations. In other words, large-scale fading is

characterized by average path loss and shadowing. On the other hand, small-scale fading refers

to rapid variation of signal levels due to the constructive and destructive interfer ence of multiple

signal paths (multi-paths) when the mobile station moves short distances. Depending on the

relative extent of a multipath, frequency selectivity of a channel is characterized (e.g., by

frequency-selective or frequency ﬂat) for small-scaling fading. Meanwhile, depending on the

time variation in a channel due to mobile speed (characterized by the Doppler spread), short-

term fading can be classiﬁed as either fast fading or slow fading. Figur e 1.1 classiﬁes the types

of fading channels.

Fading channel

Large-scale fading Small-scale fading

Path loss Shadowing Multi-path fading Time variance

Frequency-selective

fading

Flat fading Fast fading Slow fading

Figure 1.1 Classiﬁcation of fading channels.

2 MIMO OFDM Wireless Communications with MATLAB

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