JavaScript与jQuery：Missing Manual,第3版 - 入门经典

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"JavaScript & jQuery: The Missing Manual, 3rd Edition" 是一本经典的入门级图书，适合初学者学习JavaScript和jQuery技术。该书获得了亚马逊5星推荐，属于知名的Missing Manual系列，以其详尽易懂的内容著称，有助于读者高效学习。这本书由David Sawyer McFarland撰写，作者在网站建设和管理领域拥有近20年的经验，曾担任加州大学伯克利分校的网络管理员，并在那里教授网页设计课程。他的著作包括多本畅销的Missing Manual系列书籍，如关于Adobe Dreamweaver和CSS的指南。 JavaScript是一种强大的编程语言，能够为网页添加动态效果、交互性和视觉特效。然而，学习JavaScript本身可能具有一定的挑战性。本书通过逐步指导的方式，首先介绍了JavaScript的基础知识，然后深入讲解如何利用jQuery这个预编写好的JavaScript代码库来节省时间和精力。jQueryUI插件的最新创新也被涵盖其中，它提供了丰富的用户界面组件和交互效果。书中重点讲述的内容包括： 1. 激活网页：jQuery允许您创建响应用户操作的动态元素，使得网页具有更高的交互性。 2. 时间和效率：通过使用jQuery库，您可以快速实现复杂的效果，而无需从头编写大量的JavaScript代码。 3. 动画效果：了解如何创建平滑的过渡和动画，以增强用户体验。 4. 事件处理：学习如何绑定事件处理器，使网页元素对用户的点击、滚动等行为做出反应。 5. DOM操作：掌握文档对象模型（DOM）的使用，以便查找、修改和添加HTML元素。 6. AJAX：学习如何使用JavaScript进行异步数据交换，实现页面无刷新更新。 7. jQuery UI：探索各种可自定义的组件，如对话框、滑块、日历等，以及它们的用法。 8. 移动设备支持：了解如何使您的JavaScript和jQuery代码适应移动设备，确保在不同平台上表现良好。 9. 错误处理与调试：学习如何找出和修复JavaScript代码中的错误，以提高代码质量和稳定性。 "JavaScript & jQuery: The Missing Manual, 3rd Edition" 是一本全面且实用的教材，无论您是网页设计师还是开发者，都能从中获益，提升在JavaScript和jQuery领域的技能。通过这本书，您将不仅学会基础，还能接触到最新的技术和最佳实践，为创建功能丰富、交互性强的现代网页打下坚实的基础。

JAVASCRIPT & JQUERY: THE MISSING MANUAL

XIV

WHAT IS

JAVASCRIPT?

Another one of JavaScript’s main selling points is its immediacy. It lets web pages

respond instantly to actions like clicking a link, ﬁlling out a form, or merely moving

the mouse around the screen. JavaScript doesn’t suer from the frustrating delay

associated with server-side programming languages like PHP, which rely on com-

munication between the web browser and the web server. Because it doesn’t rely on

constantly loading and reloading web pages, JavaScript lets you create web pages

that feel and act more like desktop programs than web pages.

If you’ve visited Google Maps (

http://maps.google.com

), you’ve seen JavaScript in

action. Google Maps lets you view a map of your town (or pretty much anywhere

else for that matter), zoom in to get a detailed view of streets and bus stops, or

zoom out to get a bird’s-eye view of how to get across town, the state, or the nation.

While there were plenty of map sites before Google, they always required reloading

multiple web pages (usually a slow process) to get to the information you wanted.

Google Maps, on the other hand, works without page refreshes—it responds im-

mediately to your choices.

The programs you create with JavaScript can range from the really simple (like pop-

ping up a new browser window with a web page in it) to full-blown web applications

like Google Docs (

http://docs.google.com

), which lets you create presentations,

edit documents, and build spreadsheets using your web browser with the feel of a

program running directly on your computer.

A Bit of History

Invented in 10 days by Brendan Eich at Netscape back in 1995, JavaScript is nearly

as old as the Web itself. While JavaScript is well respected today, it has a somewhat

checkered past. It used to be considered a hobbyist’s programming language, used

for adding less-than-useful eects such as messages that scroll across the bottom

of a web browser’s status bar like a stock ticker, or animated butterﬂies following

mouse movements around the page. In the early days of JavaScript, it was easy to

ﬁnd thousands of free JavaScript programs (also called

scripts

) online, but many of

those scripts didn’t work in all web browsers, and at times even crashed browsers.

NOTE

JavaScript has little to do with the Java programming language. JavaScript was originally named

LiveScript, but a quick deal by marketers at Netscape eager to cash in on the success of Sun Microsystem’s then-hot

programming language led to this long-term confusion. Don’t make the mistake of confusing the two…especially

at a job interview!

In the early days, JavaScript also suered from incompatibilities between the two

prominent browsers, Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer. Because Netscape

and Microsoft tried to outdo each other’s browsers by adding newer and (ostensi-

bly) better features, the two browsers often acted in very dierent ways, making it

dicult to create JavaScript programs that worked well in both.

NOTE

After Netscape introduced JavaScript, Microsoft introduced jScript, their own version of JavaScript

included with Internet Explorer.

WHAT IS

JQUERY?

Fortunately, the worst of those days is nearly gone and contemporary browsers like

Firefox, Safari, Chrome, Opera, and Internet Explorer 11 have standardized much of

the way they handle JavaScript, making it easier to write JavaScript programs that

work for most everyone. (There are still a few incompatibilities among current web

browsers, so you’ll need to learn a few tricks for dealing with cross-browser problems.

You’ll learn how to overcome browser incompatibilities in this book.)

In the past several years, JavaScript has undergone a rebirth, fueled by high-proﬁle

websites like Google, Yahoo!, and Flickr, which use JavaScript extensively to create

interactive web applications. There’s never been a better time to learn JavaScript.

With the wealth of knowledge and the quality of scripts being written, you can add

sophisticated interaction to your website—even if you’re a beginner.

NOTE

JavaScript is also known by the name ECMAScript. ECMAScript is the “official” JavaScript specification,

which is developed and maintained by an international standards organization called Ecma International:

www.

ecmascript.org.

JavaScript Is Everywhere

JavaScript isn’t just for web pages, either. It’s proven to be such a useful program-

ming language that if you learn JavaScript you can create Yahoo! Widgets and

Google Apps, write programs for the iPhone, and tap into the scriptable features

of many Adobe programs like Acrobat, Photoshop, Illustrator, and Dreamweaver.

In fact, Dreamweaver has always oered clever JavaScript programmers a way to

add their own commands to the program.

In the Yosemite version of the Mac OS X operating system, Apple lets users automate

their Macs using JavaScript. In addition, JavaScript is used in many helpful front end

web development tools like Gulp.js (which can automatically compress images and

CSS and JavaScript ﬁles) and Bower (which makes it quick and easy to download

common JavaScript libraries like jQuery, jQuery UI, or AngularJS to your computer).

JavaScript is also becoming increasingly popular for server-side development. The

Node.js platform (a version of Google’s V8 JavaScript engine that runs JavaScript

on the server) is being embraced eagerly by companies like Walmart, PayPal, and

eBay. Learning JavaScript can even lead to a career in building complex server-

side applications. In fact, the combination of JavaScript on the

frontend

(that is,

JavaScript running in a web browser) and the

backend

(on the web server) is known

full stack JavaScript development

In other words, there’s never been a better time to learn JavaScript!

What Is jQuery?

JavaScript has one embarrassing little secret: writing it can be hard. While it’s sim-

pler than many other programming languages, JavaScript is still a programming

language. And many people, including web designers, ﬁnd programming dicult.

JAVASCRIPT & JQUERY: THE MISSING MANUAL

XVI

HTML: THE

BAREBONES

STRUCTURE

To complicate matters further, dierent web browsers understand JavaScript dif-

ferently, so a program that works in, say, Chrome may be completely unresponsive

in Internet Explorer 9. This common situation can cost many hours of testing on

dierent machines and dierent browsers to make sure a program works correctly

for your site’s entire audience.

That’s where jQuery comes in. jQuery is a JavaScript library intended to make

JavaScript programming easier and more fun. A JavaScript library is a complex

set of JavaScript code that both simpliﬁes dicult tasks and solves cross-browser

problems. In other words, jQuery solves the two biggest JavaScript headaches:

complexity and the ﬁnicky nature of dierent web browsers.

jQuery is a web designer’s secret weapon in the battle of JavaScript programming.

With jQuery, you can accomplish tasks in a single line of code that could take hun-

dreds of lines of programming and many hours of browser testing to achieve with

your own JavaScript code. In fact, an in-depth book solely about JavaScript would

be at least twice as thick as the one you’re holding; and, when you were done read-

ing it (if you could manage to ﬁnish it), you wouldn’t be able to do half of the things

you can accomplish with just a little bit of jQuery knowledge.

That’s why most of this book is about jQuery. It lets you do so much, so easily.

Another great thing about jQuery is that you can add advanced features to your

website with thousands of easy-to-use jQuery plug-ins. For example, the jQuery UI

plug-in (which you’ll meet on page 299) lets you create many complex user interface

elements like tabbed panels, drop-down menus, pop-up date-picker calendars—all

with a single line of programming!

Unsurprisingly, jQuery is used on millions of websites (

http://trends.builtwith.com/

javascript/jQuery

). It’s baked right into popular content management systems like

Drupal and WordPress. You can even ﬁnd job listings for “jQuery Programmers”

with no mention of JavaScript. When you learn jQuery, you join a large community

of fellow web designers and programmers who use a simpler and more powerful

approach to creating interactive, powerful web pages.

HTML: The Barebones Structure

JavaScript isn’t much good without the two other pillars of web design—HTML and

CSS. Many programmers talk about the three languages as forming the “layers” of

a web page: HTML provides the

structural

layer, organizing content like pictures and

words in a meaningful way; CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) provides the

presentational

layer, making the content in the HTML look good; and JavaScript adds a

behavioral

layer, bringing a web page to life so it interacts with web visitors.

In other words, to master JavaScript, you need to have a good understanding of

both HTML and CSS.

XVII

HTML: THE

BAREBONES

STRUCTURE

NOTE

For a full-fledged introduction to HTML and CSS, check out

Head First HTML with CSS and XHTML

Elisabeth Robson and Eric Freeman. For an in-depth presentation of the tricky subject of Cascading Style Sheets,

pick up a copy of

CSS3: The Missing Manual

by David Sawyer McFarland (both from O’Reilly).

HTML

(Hypertext Markup Language) uses simple commands called

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