Swift 3协议编程第二版：构建高效应用

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"Swift 3 Protocol Oriented Programming(2nd) 是一本关于Swift编程语言的书籍，专注于协议导向编程的第二版。这本书提供无水印的英文原版PDF，适用于多个PDF阅读器，并且可能源自网络共享。若存在版权问题，可以联系相关平台进行删除。在亚马逊官网可以找到更多关于本书的详细信息。" Swift是一种由Apple开发的强类型、面向对象的编程语言，特别强调安全和性能。Swift 3 Protocol Oriented Programming第二版是专为开发者深入理解和实践Swift中的协议导向编程（POP）而编写的。协议导向编程是一种设计模式，它强调利用协议来定义行为和结构，而不是通过继承。这种编程范式提供了更多的灵活性和可重用性，尤其在Swift中得到了强化。在书中，作者Jon Hoffmann可能会讲解以下关键知识点： 1. **协议基础**：介绍Swift中的协议定义，包括协议的语法、协议的扩展以及关联类型。 2. **协议与类型安全**：讨论如何通过协议确保类型安全，减少错误，并提高代码的可读性和可维护性。 3. **可选型与非可选型**：解释Swift中的可选类型以及如何与协议结合使用，确保值的安全传递。 4. **协议扩展**：展示如何通过协议扩展为已有的类型添加功能，无需修改原始类型代码。 5. **泛型与协议**：探讨如何使用泛型和协议一起编写更加通用的代码，提高代码复用。 6. **协议组合**：介绍如何将多个协议组合在一起，创建复合协议，以实现更复杂的逻辑。 7. **函数型编程与协议**：讨论Swift中的高阶函数和闭包，以及它们如何与协议相结合，实现函数型编程风格。 8. **类型擦除**：解释Swift中的类型擦除概念，以及它是如何在不牺牲类型安全的情况下实现协议的隐式实现。 9. **枚举与协议**：展示枚举如何利用协议来表示多种行为和状态，增强枚举的功能性。 10. **运算符重载与协议**：说明如何通过协议实现自定义运算符，以及运算符重载在协议导向编程中的应用。 11. **实例与类的协议遵守**：比较结构体和枚举（值类型）与类（引用类型）如何遵守协议，以及两者之间的选择。 12. **协议与设计模式**：将协议与常见的设计模式如工厂模式、观察者模式等结合，以Swift的协议导向方式实现。这本书对于希望深入理解Swift协议导向编程的开发者来说，是一份宝贵的资源，它将帮助读者构建更快、更强大且灵活的应用程序。通过学习书中的案例和实践，开发者能够提升Swift编码能力，更好地利用Swift的这一核心特性。

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Preface
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Object-Oriented and Protocol-Oriented Programming

[ 8 ]

What is object-oriented programming?

Object-oriented programming is a design philosophy. Writing applications with an object-

oriented programming language is fundamentally different than writing applications with

older procedural languages, such as C and Pascal. Procedural languages use a set of

instructions to tell the computer what to do step-by-step by relying on procedures (or

routines). Object-oriented programming, however, is all about the object. This may seem

like a pretty obvious statement given the name but essentially, when we think about object-

oriented programming, we need to think about the object.

The object is a data structure that contains information about the attributes of the object, in

the form of properties, and the actions performed by or to the object, in the form of

methods. Objects can be considered things and in the English language they would

normally be considered nouns. These objects can be real-world or virtual objects. If you take

a look around, you will see many real-world objects and, virtually all of them can be

modeled in an object-oriented way with attributes and actions.

As I am writing this chapter, I look outside and see a lake, numerous trees, grass, my dog,

and the fence in our backyard. All of these items can be modeled as objects with both

properties and actions.

I am also thinking about one of my all-time favorite energy drinks. That energy drink is

called Jolt. I'm not sure how many people remember Jolt, but I would not have made it

through college without it. A can of Jolt can be modeled as an object with attributes

(volume, quantity of caffeine, temperature, and size) and actions (drinking and temperature

change).

We could keep the cans of Jolt in a cooler to keep them cold. This cooler could also be

modeled as an object because it has attributes (temperature, cans of Jolt, and maximum

number of cans) and actions (adding and removing cans).

The object is what makes object-oriented programming so powerful. With an object, we can

model real-world items, such as a can of Jolt, or virtual objects, such as characters in a video

game. These objects can then interact within our application to model real-world behavior

or the behavior we want in our virtual world.

Within a computer application, we cannot create an object without a blueprint that tells the

application what properties and actions to expect from the object. In most object-oriented

languages, this blueprint comes in the form of a class. A class is a construct that allows us to

encapsulate the properties and actions of an object into a single type that models the entity

we are trying to represent in our code.

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