Python网络编程基石：全面指南

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《Python网络编程基础》第二版是一本由 Brandon Rhodes 和 John Goerzen 合著的权威指南，专为读者提供了在Python中构建网络应用的全面教程。该书属于 "The Expert's Voice® in Open Source" 系列，旨在帮助读者深入了解并掌握Python在网络编程领域的核心原理和技术。这本书的核心内容涵盖了Python网络编程的基础知识，从网络通信的基本概念到高级主题，如使用Twisted Python Network框架。Twisted是一个流行的异步网络编程库，特别适合处理高并发和事件驱动的网络服务。通过阅读本书，读者可以学习如何设计和实现网络服务器、客户端、协议解析器以及与多种网络协议（如TCP/IP、UDP、HTTP等）交互。在《FoundationsofPythonNetworkProgramming》中，作者详细介绍了以下知识点： 1. **Python基础知识**：先介绍Python语言的基础语法和数据结构，确保读者对语言有深入的理解，因为网络编程往往依赖于这些基础知识。 2. **网络通信模型**：讲解了TCP/IP协议栈、套接字编程、socket对象的使用，以及面向连接（如TCP）和无连接（如UDP）的区别。 3. **Twisted框架**：深入剖析Twisted框架的工作原理，包括 reactors（事件循环）、deferreds（延迟调用）和protocols（协议实现）的概念，以及如何利用其异步编程特性提高性能。 4. **网络编程实例**：书中包含大量实战项目，涵盖了HTTP服务器、WebSocket服务器、DNS解析器、聊天应用等，帮助读者通过实践巩固理论知识。 5. **网络安全与错误处理**：讨论了网络安全措施，如加密、认证和防火墙策略，以及如何处理常见的网络错误和异常。 6. **并发和性能优化**：探讨了如何在多线程或多进程环境下管理和同步网络任务，以及如何通过异步IO避免阻塞，提升应用程序的响应速度。 7. **高级主题**：涉及分布式系统、网络编程中的异常处理、调试技巧以及如何与其他编程语言（如C、C++）进行交互。《FoundationsofPythonNetworkProgramming》是Python网络开发者的必读之作，无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中收获宝贵的知识和实践经验，以构建高效、可靠的网络应用程序。通过学习本书，读者不仅能掌握Python语言在实际网络环境中的运用，还能培养出处理复杂网络问题的能力。

■ CONTENTS

xiv

Talking About Objects: Pyro and RPyC ........................................................................ 316

An RPyC Example ........................................................................................................ 317

RPC, Web Frameworks, Message Queues .................................................................. 319

Recovering From Network Errors ................................................................................ 320

Binary Options: Thrift and Protocol Buffers ................................................................. 320

Summary ..................................................................................................................... 321

■Index ................................................................................................................. 323



www.it-ebooks.info

xvii

Acknowledgements

This book owes its very existence to John Goerzen, whose work in writing the first edition of Foundations

of Python Network Programming indeed provided the foundation on which this volume has been built.

The excellent example he set by supplying complete, working example programs has guided me at every

step. Where his examples were not obsolete, I have worked to retain his source code so that it can benefit

another generation of readers.

The editorial team at Apress provided ample support during this experience—my first attempt at

revising something the length of an entire book—and the quality of the result is in large part thanks to

Laurin Becker’s gentle encouragement, Michael R. Bernstein’s very knowledgeable technical reviews,

and Matt Wade’s holding the rudder to keep each chapter on course. Michael’s reviews, in particular,

were a model of what an author needs: frequent encouragement when a chapter has gone well, tips and

links to more information when coverage of a topic is sketchy, and frank dismay when part of a chapter

has gone off the rails. Several parts of this book that will please readers will do so because their first draft

was not adequate, and Michael suggested the direction in which the chapter needed to move instead.

And, of course, the copy editors and layout people all did much work as well, and I want to thank Mary

Ann Fugate in particular for imposing her good taste about when to use “which” and when to use “that,”

which (that?) has produced much smoother English.

Every reader of this book should join me in thanking the Python core developers and the community

that has grown up around Python for every single tool, routine, and function referenced in this book.

And as John Goerzen did in the first edition’s acknowledgments, I want to express gratitude to the early

generations of programmers like Richard Stallman, who demonstrated that programming could be an

open, happy, and cooperative discipline that did not impose the physical world’s economics of scarcity

onto the world of freely copied programs. To those who prefer more negative forms of protest, I offer

Joss Whedon’s mantra about creativity: “The greatest expression of rebellion is joy.”

And, finally, I would like to thank my mother for letting me spend enough time in front of the computer

when I was growing up, and my father for raising me in a house with shelves of books about Unix. He

chose an AT&T 3B1 as our home computer. While other students in grade school were learning about the

abysmal world of DOS, I was learning about awk, C, and multi-processing—background that prepared

me to appreciate Python’s beauty the moment I saw it.

Brandon Craig Rhodes

Midtown Atlanta

19 November 2010

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■ INTRODUCTION

xviii

Introduction

You have chosen an exciting moment in computing history to embark on a study of network

programming. Machine room networks can carry data at speeds comparable to those at which machines

access their own memory, and broadband now reaches hundreds of millions of homes worldwide. Many

casual computer users spend their entire digital lives speaking exclusively to network services; they are

only vaguely aware that their computer is even capable of running local applications.

This is also a moment when, after 20 solid years of growth and improvement, interest in Python

really seems to be taking off. This is different from the trajectory of other popular languages, many of

which experience their heyday and go into decline long before the threshold of their third decade. The

Python community is not only strong and growing, but its members seem to have a much better feel for

the language itself than they did a decade ago. The advice we can share with new Python programmers

about how to test, write, and structure applications is vastly more mature than what passed for Pythonic

design a mere decade ago.

Both networking and Python programming are large topics, and their intersection is a rich and

fertile domain. I wish you great success! Whether you just need to connect to a single network port, or

are setting out to architect a complex network service, I hope that you will remember that the Internet is

an ecosystem that remains healthy so long as individual programmers honor public protocols and

support interoperability so that solutions can grow, compete, and thrive.

Writing even the simplest network program inducts you into the grand tradition started by the

inventors of the Internet, and I hope you enjoy the tools and the power that they have placed in our

hands. I like the encouragement that John Goerzen, the author of the first edition of this book, gave his

readers in his own introduction: “I want this to be your lab manual—your guide for inventing things that

make the Internet better.”

Assumptions

This book assumes that you know how to program in Python, but does not assume that you know

anything about networking. If you have used something like a web browser before, and are vaguely

aware that your computer talks to other computers in order to display web pages, then you should be

ready to start reading this book.

This book targets Python versions 2.5, 2.6, and 2.7, and in the text I have tried to note any differences

that you will encounter between these three versions of Python when writing network code.

As of this writing, the Python 2 series is still the workaday version of the language for programmers

who use Python in production. In fact, the pinnacle of that line of language development—Python 2.7—

was released just a few months ago, and a second bugfix release is now in testing. Interest in the

futuristic Python 3 version of the language is still mostly limited to framework authors and library

maintainers, as they embark on the community's several-year effort to port our code over to the new

version of the language.

If you are entirely new to programming, then an Amazon search will suggest several highly rated

books that use Python itself to teach you the basics. A long list of online resources, some of which are

complete e-books, is maintained at this link: wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/NonProgrammers.

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