of the simulation,time-step limitations not as severe, thanks to a better stability of the
geometrical grid, numericaldiffusion easier to control, faster solutions with respect to FD
approach [7].
Streamline simulation solves mono-dimensional equations along streamlines, which
means itsolves multiple streamlines in parallel, and the fluid transport, which for FD approach
occursbetween grid cells [8], occurs along streamlines: this gives an immediate answer in terms
of howthe streamlines (connecting injector and producer wells—to say, well pairs) are
distributed, sothat the fluid trajectories and their rates at the wells are known at every time step
[9, 10]. Thanksto the available information, the distribution of injected water volumes can be
modified, and amore effective production strategy can be planned to maximize oil recovery [4,
5]. Same as for FDsimulation, when using streamline-based simulation a good balance must be
maintained betweenpressure updates and computational speed.
In conclusion, 3DSL is simpler from a reservoir description (includes both flow physics
andpetro-physical/geological information) point of view, but it cannot take into account
importantparameters such as capillary pressure or cross flow effects: moreover, fluid
compressibility cannot beeasily taken into account and mass conservation errors may occur
while mapping between pressuregrid and streamline grid therefore being incomplete or
inadequate for most of real reservoirs. Everyfurther detail can be found in previous works [11].
THE IDEA OF THE STUDY
In this paper the use of the two software as complementary tools to optimize water
injectionis shown: ECLIPSE appeared to be the most reliable software to simulate reservoir
models andto be essential to verify 3DSL’s results accuracy upstream and downstream of the
methodologydeveloped for this research, while 3DSL has been shown to be simpler and
usually faster, providinginformation not obtainable by means of FD simulation, and which
could be exploited to save atrial-and-error process trying to find the best injection scheme
The idea of the study resulted from previous works [12].
The research presented here follows a three step workflow. In the first part of the study,
thetwo software were used to simulate simple synthetic models. Once the results obtained from
thetwo simulators were checked for consistency, a method was developed to exploit 3DSL’s
features.The most interesting pieces of information available from 3DSL are the connections
between wellpairs (injector-producer) and the rates at the wells and the connections. With this
informatioavailable, the streamline simulator, coupled with Matlab, was involved into an
automatic procedurethat reallocated water injected volumes in order to optimize water injection
campaigns, for all the examined cases.This was gained by a customized Matlab script, written
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