全面梳理:Linux主流发行版及其特点

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Linux 是一个开放源代码的操作系统,其发行版众多,根据不同的设计理念、目标用户和技术支持,形成了多种类型的Linux套件。这里列出了Linux的一些主要发行版本及其特点: 1. **基于Debian的发行版**: - **Adamantix**: 专为注重安全的用户提供,基于Debian基础。 - **AmberLinux**: 针对拉脱维亚用户定制的Debian版本,注重本地化和用户体验。 - **ASLinux Desktop**: 为西班牙语使用者设计,结合Debian和KDE,适合家庭、办公、教育等场景,以其丰富的可用性而闻名。 - **B2D Linux**: 希望通过用户参与学习制作一个简洁美观的中文Linux发行版。 - **Debian GNU/Linux**: 社区驱动的大规模软件包集合,超过15000个软件可供选择,支持众多硬件平台。尽管早期安装过程复杂,但最新版本已改进为易于使用的文本安装方式,并严格控制非自由软件的包含。 - **Edubuntu**: Ubuntu的教育分支,侧重于教育环境和儿童用户。 - **Gnoppix**: Knoppix的GNOME版本,注重图形界面,与Ubuntu有整合趋势。 - **Guadalinex**: 由西班牙安达卢西亚政府支持,面向西班牙家庭用户和教育领域。 - **Hiweed (Debian变种)**: 早期基于Debian,后来切换至Ubuntu,采用Xfce轻量级桌面环境。 - **Kanotix**: 自启动运行光盘,集成Knoppix功能,适用于硬件广泛支持和便于笔记本电脑使用。 - **Kurumin**: 专为巴西用户定制的Knoppix版本。 - **LinEx**: 由西班牙埃斯特雷马杜拉地方政府推动的套件,可能包含区域特色。 2. **基于RPM的发行版**:虽然没有在列出具体内容,但提到RPM的发行版通常指Fedora、CentOS、Red Hat等,它们都是以RPM包管理系统为基础,注重稳定性和企业级支持。 3. **其他打包方式的套件**:如Slackware,以源代码安装为主,注重简洁和稳定性。 4. **为老机器或特定需求定制的小型套件**:例如PUDGNU/Linux,适合资源有限的设备,如光盘或小容量USB随身碟。 5. **部分或全部商业版**:包括专为企业客户定制的版本,提供技术支持和商业许可。 6. **专用套件**:针对特定领域或专业用户的发行版,如科学计算、服务器管理等。 7. **其他平台支持**:Linux不仅限于个人计算机,也应用于嵌入式系统、移动设备等。 8. **选择合适的Linux发行版指南**:这通常涉及到了解用户需求、硬件兼容性、技术熟悉度等因素,帮助用户找到最适合自己的Linux版本。 9. **外部链接**:提供进一步的学习资源和下载链接,帮助读者深入了解和下载这些发行版。 总结起来,Linux的发行版本多样性反映了其开源社区的创新和适应性。无论是新手还是专业人士,都能在这些发行版中找到适合自己特定需求和环境的解决方案。随着技术的发展,Linux不断优化用户体验,同时保持其灵活性和开源精神。
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Linux Hardware Compatibility Lists Debian GNU/Linux device driver check page - This database verifies the PCI devices at this time (X drivers, ISA, USB, IEEE1394 or any other devices are out of its focus). Paste your result of 'lspci -n' taken from GNU/Linux OS (such as Debian, Knoppix, RedHat, and so on) to the box, then push 'Check' button. openSUSE Hardware Compatibility List - The following pages are used by the openSUSE community to record the compatibility of various hardware and full systems with SUSE Linux. Please share your experience by adding your hardware, especially if you had some issue that you overcame. Mandriva Hardware Database - This hardware database allows you to check the compatibility of your hardware with the Mandriva Linux OS. The certified hardware has the highest level of compatibility. Red Hat Hardware Catalog - Database containing certified hardware for Red Hat products. UbuntuUsers Hardwaredatenbank - Auf dieser Seite soll eine Hardwaredatenbank fuer Ubuntu Linux entstehen. Sie koennen hier unter Ubuntu Linux verwendete (neuere) Hardware hinzufuegen, welche gut laeuft. LinuxQuestions.org HCL - This is the Linux Hardware Compatibility List from LinuxQuestions.org. Linux Hardware Compatibility HOWTO - This document attempts to list most of the hardware known to be either supported or unsupported under Linux. Linux Hardware Components - The manufacturers and distributors listed on this site sell hardware and peripherals that are Linux-friendly. If you're looking for drivers or need to know if your hardware is supported, this is a good place to find out. LinuxCompatible.org Compatibility List - This is a user submitted compatibility database for hardware running under GNU/Linux. Phoronix Linux Compatible Hardware - is designed to be a community-driven indexing system for computer hardware under GNU/Linux. This system allows you to post GNU/Linux information on hardware as well as sharing your own personal experiences when it comes to GNU/Linux compatibility. You are also able to browse and search the database for other hardware as well. FSF Hardware Database - Free Software Foundation's listing of hardware that supports free software. Linux-Hardware.org - Die Linux Hardware Datenbank soll Usern einen Ueberblick verschaffen, welche Hardware von welcher Distribution unterstuezt wird. Sie ist so angelegt, dass sie problemlos fuer alle Distributionen genutzt und von Usern ergaenzt werden kann. Linux Support for HP PC's - This page provides an overview of Linux support for HP PC's and peripeherals. Don't base purchasing decisions on the information provided here. This site's main goal is to provide information for people already owning an HP PC. Tuxhardware.de - (TU)X-beliebige Hardware. Tuxhardware.de ist ein Online- Shop in Deutschland der Produkte mit LINUX- Eignung anbietet. Hier finden Sie u.a. auch Installationsanleitungen, Tipps & Tricks und Links zu Treibern. Unix printer compatiblity database listing - The LinuxPrinting.org printer database contains a wealth of information about specific printers, along with extensive driver information, basic specifications, and an associated set of configuration tools. You can just go straight to a particular printer, or you can list all printers from a given manufacturer. Looking for a printer to buy? Take a look at: "Suggested Printers for Free Software Users". Gutenprint Supported Printers - Gutenprint, formerly called Gimp-Print, offers high quality drivers for Canon, Epson, Lexmark, Sony, Olympus, and PCL printers for use with Ghostscript, CUPS, Foomatic, and the Gimp. TurboPrint Supported Printers - This is the list of TurboPrint Supported Printers. It includes almost every Canon, Epson & HP and many Brother printers. TurboPrint makes it possible to use the latest color printers with Linux. It is designed to produce maximum quality photo prints as well as high-speed text documents. Printer set-up and configuration is as simple as on Windows or MacOS. TurboPrint is a high-quality printer driver system for Linux built on existing standards (lpr or CUPS printer spooler, ghostscript interpreter for Postscript) thus achieving easy integration and maximum compatibility with existing applications. Von TurboPrint unterstuetzte Drucker - TurboPrint ermoeglicht den Einsatz moderner Farbdrucker unter Linux. Mit TurboPrint erzielen Sie sowohl die bestmoegliche Druckqualitaet bei fotorealistischen Ausdrucken, als auch eine schnelle Ausgabe von Text-Dokumenten. Drucker-Einrichtung und Konfiguration sind durch grafische Menues genauso einfach wie in MS Windows. TurboPrint unterstuetzt fast alle Canon, Epson & HP und viele Brother Drucker. ESP Print Pro Supported Printers - ESP Print Pro supports thousands of printers - search for yours. ESP Print Pro is a complete (commercial) UNIX cross- platform printing software package, containing thousands of high quality printer drivers for AIX, Digital UNIX, HP-UX, IRIX, Linux and Solaris (Intel and SPARC). A free 21-day demo license is available for first-time users. SANE: Supported Devices - shows if your scanner is supported and if yes, by which backend. If it's not supported, it may at least point to documentation or test programs. The search engine contains information from the latest stable SANE release, the development ("CVS") version of SANE and from external backends. The database is updated once per day. VueScan: Supported Scanners - is a continuously upgraded list of VueScan supported scanners. VueScan supports more than 500 different scanners, and these are organized by vendor name. VueScan is a scanning utility that works with most high- quality flatbed and film scanners to produce scans that have excellent color fidelity and color balance. A free trial version is available. Digital Camera Support for UNIX, Linux and BSD - trys to explain how to find out if your camera may work or not under a UNIX system. This site includes a table summarize for digital cameras, how they are supported under UNIX operating systems. Supported Cameras in gPhoto - On this page, you find a list of the supported camera models of the current release of gPhoto (=digital camera software applications for Unix-like systems. gPhoto2 is a free, redistributable, ready to use set of digital camera software applications for Unix-like systems). Support for additional cameras may be in the current libgphoto2 SVN trunk code. They will be added to the next release. If your camera is neither supported in the current release nor in current SVN trunk, it is possible that it is an old camera for which the original gPhoto driver has not been ported yet (mostly due to lack of demand) or it is a new camera for which there is no support at all. Working Webcams with PWC - This is a web-based collaboration area for the next generation Philips Web Camera Linux Kernel Module. On this page, you find a list of the supported Webcams. ALSA Soundcard Matrix - ALSA ("Advanced Linux Sound Architecture") supported audio- cards or chipsets. ALSA provides audio and MIDI functionality to the Linux operating system. OSS Sound Card List - OSS supported audio- cards or chipsets. This list is not 100% complete. There are dozens of sound cards that are based on some standard sound chips (or motherboard chipset) made by vendors like Intel, VIA, Cirrus/Crystal, Analog Devices, Realtek, Yamaha, C'Media, Trident, Sigmatel and many others. Such cards may not be listed in the following list but they are still supported. Driver Status for XFree86 4.3.0 - provides information about the status of the driver and hardware support in XFree86 4.3.0 compared with that in XFree86 3.3.6. Xi Graphics Accelerated-X support - listed by Notebooks/ Laptops, Graphics Cards, Graphics Chips. Li