VPP-4.3: VISA库规范概述

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"VPP-4.3是The VISA (Virtual Instrument Software Architecture) 库的一个版本，由SystemsAlliance发布。VPP-4.3是1995年12月29日首次发布的VISA规范的修订版，经过多次更新以增强其功能和性能。VISA库是用于与各种仪器设备通信的软件接口，支持多种协议，包括GPIB、VXI、TCP/IP和后来添加的USB。" VPP-4.3中的关键知识点： 1. **VISA（Virtual Instrument Software Architecture）**：VISA是一种标准化的软件架构，它允许用户通过统一的编程接口与各种硬件设备进行通信，如 GPIB、VXI、串行、并行、以太网和USB等。VPP-4.3是VISA的一个具体实现，提供了跨平台的仪器控制功能。 2. **VPP-4.3修订历史**： - **Revision 1.0**：原始的VISA文档，增加了锁定机制、异步I/O、32位寄存器访问、块移动操作、共享内存操作和串行接口支持。 - **Revision 1.1**：增加了新的属性、错误代码、事件和格式化I/O修饰符。 - **Revision 2.0**：引入了错误处理事件、更多格式化I/O操作、更多的串行属性和扩展的搜索能力。 - **Revision 2.0.1**：添加了visatype.h中的新类型，增强了viGpibControlREN的功能，并更新了联系Alliance的信息。 - **Revision 2.2**：新增了GPIB（INTFC和SERVANT）、VXI（BACKPLANE和SERVANT）以及TCP/IP（INSTR、SOCKET和SERVANT）的新资源类。 - **Revision 3.0 Draft**：加入了USB(INSTR)的资源类，并添加了扩展的参数。 3. **仪器控制功能**：VPP-4.3支持对不同类型的仪器进行控制，例如GPIB（通用接口总线）、VXI（虚拟仪器扩展接口）和TCP/IP协议的仪器。随着修订的推进，支持的设备类型和通信方式不断扩展，如USB设备的引入，提高了仪器连接的灵活性。 4. **错误处理和事件**：VPP-4.3的更新不仅增加了新的错误代码，还引入了错误处理事件，这使得在编程中可以更有效地检测和处理错误，增强了系统的稳定性和可靠性。 5. **格式化I/O操作**：格式化I/O修饰符允许开发者以特定格式发送和接收数据，提高了与仪器通信的效率和准确性。 6. **资源类**：VISA通过资源类来标识和管理连接的仪器。随着修订，资源类的增加使得VPP-4.3能够更好地适应不同类型的硬件接口，如GPIB的INTFC和SERVANT类，VXI的BACKPLANE和SERVANT类，以及TCP/IP的INSTR、SOCKET和SERVANT类。 7. **USB支持**：在Revision 3.0 Draft中，VPP-4.3开始支持USB INSTR资源类，这使得VISA能够直接与USB连接的仪器进行交互，进一步拓宽了VPP-4.3的应用范围。 8. **兼容性与API**：VPP-4.3作为VISA的一个实现，提供了一套API（应用程序编程接口），使开发人员能够在不同的操作系统和编程语言环境中编写控制仪器的应用程序。 VPP-4.3作为VISA库的一个版本，通过不断的修订和完善，旨在为科研、工程和教育领域的用户提供一个高效、灵活且全面的工具，用于与各种仪器设备进行通讯和控制。其丰富的功能和广泛的硬件支持，使其成为实验室自动化和测试测量领域的重要软件基础。

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Section 2: Overview of VISA Library Specification

VPP-4.3: The VISA Library VXIplug&play Systems Alliance

2.6 Definition of Terms and Acronyms

The following are some commonly used terms within this document

Address

A string (or other language construct) that uniquely locates and identifies a

resource. VISA defines an ASCII-based grammar that associates strings with

particular physical devices or interfaces and VISA resources.

ADE

Application Development Environment

API

Application Programmers Interface. The direct interface that an end user sees

when creating an application. The VISA API consists of the sum of all of the

operations, attributes, and events of each of the VISA Resource Classes.

Attribute

A value within a resource that reflects a characteristic of the operational state of a

resource.

Bus Error

An error that signals failed access to an address. Bus errors occur with low-level

accesses to memory and usually involve hardware with bus mapping capabilities.

For example, non-existent memory, a non-existent register, or an incorrect device

access can cause a bus error.

Commander

A device that has the ability to control another device. This term can also denote

the unique device that has sole control over another device (as with the VXI

Commander/Servant hierarchy).

Communication

Channel

The same as Session. A communication path between a software element and a

resource. Every communication channel in VISA is unique.

Controller

A device that can control another device(s) or is in the process of performing an

operation on another device.

Device

An entity that receives commands from a controller. A device can be an

instrument, a computer (acting in a non-controller role), or a peripheral (such as a

plotter or printer). In VISA, the concept of a device is generally the logical

association of several VISA resources.

HiSLIP

HiSLIP (High Speed LAN Instrument Protocol) is a protocol for TCP-based

instrument control that provides the instrument-like capabilities of conventional

test and measurement protocols with minimal impact to performance.

Instrument

A device that accepts some form of stimulus to perform a designated task, test, or

measurement function. Two common forms of stimuli are message passing and

asynchronous control.

Interface

A generic term that applies to the connection between devices and controllers. It

includes the communication media and the device/controller hardware necessary

for cross-communication.

Instrument Driver

Library of functions for controlling a specific instrument

Mapping

An operation that returns a reference to a specified section of an address space

and makes the specified range of addresses accessible to the requester. This

function is independent of memory allocation.

Operation

An action defined by a resource that can be performed on a resource.

Section 2: Overview of VISA Library Specification Page 2-

VXIplug&play Systems Alliance VPP-4.3: The VISA Library

Process

An operating system component that shares a system’s resources. A multi-process

system is a computer system that allows multiple programs to execute

simultaneously, each in a separate process environment. A single-process system

is a computer system that allows only a single program to execute at a given point

in time.

An address location that either contains a value that is a function of the state of

hardware or can be written into to cause hardware to perform a particular action

or to enter a particular state. In other words, an address location that controls

and/or monitors hardware.

Resource Class

The definition for how to create a particular resource. In general, this is

synonymous with the connotation of the word class in object-oriented

architectures. For VISA Instrument Control Resource Classes, this refers to the

definition for how to create a resource that controls a particular capability of a

device.

Resource or

Resource Instance

In general, this term is synonymous with the connotation of the word object in

object-oriented architectures. For VISA, resource more specifically refers to a

particular implementation (or instance in object-oriented terms) of a Resource

Class. In VISA, every defined software module is a resource.

Session

The same as Communication Channel. A communication path between a software

element and a resource. Every communication channel in VISA is unique.

SRQ

IEEE 488 Service Request. This is an asynchronous request from a remote GPIB

device that requires service. A service request is essentially an interrupt from a

remote device. For GPIB, this amounts to asserting the SRQ line on the GPIB.

For VXI, this amounts to sending the Request for Service True event (REQT).

Status Byte

A byte of information returned from a remote device that shows the current state

and status of the device. If the device follows IEEE 488 conventions, bit 6 of the

status byte indicates if the device is currently requesting service.

Template Function

Instrument driver subsystem function common to the majority of VXIplug&play

instrument drivers

Top-level Example

A high-level test-oriented instrument driver function. It is typically developed

from the instrument driver subsystem functions.

Virtual Instrument

A name given to the grouping of software modules (in this case, VISA resources

with any associated or required hardware) to give the functionality of a traditional

stand-alone instrument. Within VISA, a virtual instrument is the logical grouping

of any of the VISA resources. The VISA Instrument Control Resources Organizer

serves as a means to group any number of any type of VISA Instrument Control

Resources within a VISA system.

VISA

Virtual Instrument Software Architecture. This is the general name given to this

document and its associated architecture. The architecture consists of two main

VISA components: the VISA Resource Manager and the VISA Instrument

Control Resources.

VISA Instrument

Control Resources

This is the name given to the part of VISA that defines all of the device-specific

resource classes. VISA Instrument Control Resources encompass all defined

device and interface capabilities for direct, low-level instrument control.

VISA Resource

Manager

This is the name given to the part of VISA that manages resources. This

management includes support for opening, closing, and finding resources; setting

attributes, retrieving attributes, and generating events on resources; and so on.

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VPP-4.3: VISA库规范概述

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