直流PWM调速系统的MATLAB仿真与单片机原理"

摘要 直流电机具有良好的启动性能和调速特性，本文设计了一套直流PWM调速系统，采用MATLAB进行仿真。该系统主要由51单片机、电源、H桥驱动电路、LED液晶显示器、霍尔测速电路以及独立按键组成，实现了对直流电机的启停、调速和反馈控制。电源部分采用78系列芯片提供5V和15V电压，驱动电路采用H桥结构实现PWM调速，LED显示器用于显示测量数据（速度）。通过51单片机改变PWM波占空比实现电机的调速，利用霍尔传感器检测电机速度并进行反馈控制。本文详细介绍了系统的设计原理和具体实现过程，通过MATLAB仿真验证了系统的可行性和稳定性。 关键词：直流电机调速；H桥驱动电路；LED显示器；51单片机 Abstract DC motor has good starting performance and speed regulation characteristics. In this paper, a direct current PWM speed control system is designed and simulated using MATLAB. The system mainly consists of a 51 single-chip microcomputer, power supply, H-bridge drive circuit, LED LCD display, Hall speed measurement circuit, and independent buttons, which achieve start, stop, speed control, and feedback control of the DC motor. The power supply section adopts 78 series chips to provide 5V and 15V voltages, the drive circuit uses H-bridge structure for PWM speed control, the LED display is used to show the measured data (speed). The speed control of the motor is realized by changing the PWM duty cycle through the 51 single-chip microcomputer, and the speed of the motor is detected by the Hall sensor for feedback control. This paper details the design principle and specific implementation process of the system, and verifies the feasibility and stability of the system through MATLAB simulation. Keywords: DC motor speed control; H-bridge drive circuit; LED display; 51 single-chip microcomputer