100BASE-T1 Ethernet: 汽车网络的带宽革命

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"100BASE-T1 Ethernet标准是汽车网络通信的一个重要里程碑，它由IEEE 802.3bw标准定义，旨在解决汽车电气系统日益增长的复杂性和对网络带宽的需求。这一标准通过一对双绞线实现100Mbps的传输速率，同时满足严格的汽车排放标准，并降低了汽车网络中的电缆重量和成本。随着汽车电子控制单元（ECUs）的数量不断增加，汽车内的实时数据共享需求也越来越大，这使得网络带宽的需求急剧上升。为了应对这个问题，汽车行业与领先的集成电路制造商和系统开发商合作，共同制定了一种专门针对汽车通信网络的全新以太网标准——100BASE-T1。 100BASE-T1 Ethernet利用了信号叠加的基本原理，以及特定的编码和扰码方案，能够在单对双绞线上实现高效的数据传输，而不牺牲信号质量。这种技术显著提高了网络的吞吐量，确保了在汽车环境中的可靠通信，同时减少了电磁干扰（EMI），这是在汽车应用中至关重要的考虑因素。 100BASE-T1标准的引入不仅提升了数据传输速度，还带来了其他几项关键优势。首先，由于只需要一对双绞线，它减少了车辆内部的布线复杂性，有助于减轻车辆重量，从而提高燃油效率和降低生产成本。其次，该标准符合严格的汽车排放规定，确保了在增加网络性能的同时，不会对环境造成负面影响。最后，通过优化网络架构，100BASE-T1还简化了汽车网络的设计和维护。此外，100BASE-T1的实施对于推动自动驾驶技术的发展也起到了关键作用，因为自动驾驶需要大量的传感器和控制器之间快速、可靠的通信。随着车辆变得越来越智能，对高带宽、低延迟网络的需求将更加迫切，100BASE-T1为未来更高级别的自动化提供了坚实的基础。 100BASE-T1 Ethernet标准是汽车网络技术的一次重大进步，它以高效、节省成本的方式解决了汽车网络带宽挑战，同时也为未来的汽车电子和智能交通系统铺平了道路。"

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100BASE-T1 Ethernet: the evolution of automotive networking

April 2018

100BASE-T1 was developed to meet the needs of

an automotive system. It only requires an unshielded

single twisted-pair cable to transmit and receive data

at 100 Mbps speeds over communication distances

of at least 15 m. 100BASE-T1 emissions proﬁle stays

under CISPR 25 Class 5 Annex G stripline method

and other automotive emission standards such as

TC8 from Open Alliance [1], [2], [3]. 100BASE-T1

standardizes the in-vehicle ecosystem to a network

architecture, simplifying the overall communication

between ECUs and possibly even eliminating the

need for older or less prevalent protocols such

as Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) or

FlexRay.

100BASE-T1 can enable the communication of

audio, video, connected car, ﬁrmware/software

and calibration data within vehicles using the audio

video bridging (AVB) collection of Ethernet protocols

over unshielded single twisted-pair cable. The AVB

collection of standards, developed by the IEEE

Time-Sensitive Networking Task Group, has low

and deterministic latency, synchronized nodes and

trafﬁc shaping [1], [4]. These aspects are important

for communicating the various types of information

in automotive systems and enable 100BASE-T1 to

carry different types of data with various priorities (low

data rate and high priority vs. high data rate and low

priority, as well as time synchronization).

Ethernet for audio and video data

100BASE-T1 paired with AVB can transfer both

audio and video data. This creates an opportunity

for Ethernet in the infotainment and ADAS domains.

AVB designates a certain amount of bandwidth

for audio and video data only. The amount of

bandwidth partitioned is adjustable and chosen

by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM).

Typically, 75 Mbps of bandwidth is allocated for

audio and video streams, with the remaining

25 Mbps for data streams [4].

Table 1 shows the necessary bandwidth needed for

audio based on the sampling rate and bit depth for

two channels using Equation 1:

Based on Table 1, 100BASE-T1 easily supports

bandwidth requirements of 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz and

even 96 kHz sampled audio with bit depths of as

much as 32 bits per sample. For example, a typical

CD is sampled at 44.1 kHz and has a bit depth of

16 bits per sample. High-resolution audio is often

sampled at 96 kHz with a bit depth of 24 bits per

sample. 100BASE-T1 links fully support both.

Table 1. Audio bandwidth for two channels.

Bit rate

(Mbps)

Sampling

rate (kHz)

Bit depth

(bits per sample)

1.4112

44.1

2.1168 24

2.8224 32

1.536

2.304 24

3.072 32

3.072

4.608 24

6.144 32

Bit rate=Sampling rate × Bit depth × Number of channels (1)

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100BASE-T1 Ethernet: 汽车网络的带宽革命

车用以太网物理层技术规范-IEEE802.3bw-2015

IEEE802.3bw-100BASE-T1-2015（roadR-Reach（BRR）或OABR（Open Alliance BroadR-Reach）技术）

Open_Alliance_100BASE-T1_PMA_Test_Suite_v1.0.pdf

汽车以太网规范，802.3bw 100Base-T1

IEEE802.3bw-100BASE-T1：车载以太网物理层技术规范

解读车载以太网标准IEEE 802.3bw-2015

ieee 802.3bw-2015

ieee 802.3bw

IEEE STD 802.3bp-2016

车载以太网100base-T1

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