Optics Communications 430 (2019) 428–433
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Optics Communications
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/optcom
Efficient unidirectional light propagation realized via asymmetrically
exciting and transmitting Tamm plasmon-polaritons in a
metal–dielectric–metal waveguide
Yunqing Lu, Min Xu, Jiong Xu, Yilin Chen, Ji Xu, Jin Wang *
School of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywords:
Integrated optics device
Tamm plasmon-polaritons
Surface plasmons
Unidirectional transmission
A B S T R A C T
An efficient nanoscale unidirectional transmission device at telecommunication wavelength is proposed, which
is made up of a metal–dielectric–metal (MDM) waveguide. The waveguide core is asymmetric and comprises
of a one-dimensional photonic crystal (PhC), a thin Ag film and a dielectric layer in a sequential order. In this
waveguide structure, the PhC acts as a finite potential barrier and the unidirectional propagation is realized by
combining the photonic bandgap effect and the asymmetric excitations of Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs) on
two sides of the PhC. With respect to asymmetric excitation, the TPPs are only excited at the interface between
the PhC and the Ag core film, and not excited on the other facet of the PhC. Further, for the forward transmission,
the TPPs can penetrate the thin Ag core film and is then coupled to the surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) for
the following propagation, which is also enhanced in this work by utilizing the F–P resonance in the dielectric
layer. Differently, for the backward transmission, the TPPs cannot tunnel through the PhC because it is trapped
in the stopband of the PhC. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the maximum forward transmittance of
87% and a high transmission contrast ratio of 1250 are achieved.
1. Introduction
Optical unidirectional devices, in which optical signals are allowed
to propagate only in one direction, play key roles in all-optical signal
processing just as diodes in electric circuits and gained much attention
due to the great potential in many applications using integrated pho-
tonic circuits [1–5]. In the past, various schemes have been proposed
to demonstrate optical unidirectional transmission by utilizing nonlin-
ear materials [6], anisotropic materials [7,8], magneto-optical mate-
rials [9,10], angular momentum-biased metamaterials [11], metallic
and dielectric metamaterials [12,13], metal gratings [14,15], photonic
crystals [16,17], and so on. While these proposals could satisfy different
requirements, an efficient unidirectional transmission device for the
practical applications should possess the following key characteristics:
ultrasmall feature size, ultralow threshold power and high efficiency.
From the integration point of view, surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs)
can be utilized to realize nanoscale integrated photonic devices, due to
their unique ability of confining light into deep-subwavelength scale and
strong field reinforcement effect [18]. Not surprisingly, nonreciprocity
and unidirectional propagation of SPPs have recently attracted consider-
able attention and various optical unidirectional devices based on SPPs
*
Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: luyq@njupt.edu.cn (Y. Lu), jinwang@njupt.edu.cn (J. Wang).
have been investigated [19–22], e.g., a silver film with a hyperbolic
air hole [19], a tunable all-optical plasmonic diode based on Fano
resonance [20], and an all-optical diode based on a plasmonic slot
waveguide [21].
Recently, another form of surface mode called Tamm plasmon
polaritons (TPPs) [23,24], have become a very interesting platform to
realize nanoscale integrated photonic devices. TPPs can strongly localize
the electric fields at the interface between a finite one-dimensional
(1D) photonic crystal (PhC) and a metal film. In such planar structures,
simple direct optical excitation of SPPs is impossible for the reason that
the dispersion of SPPs lies outside the light cone given by 𝑘 = 𝜔/c,
where 𝑘 is the wave vector of light and 𝜔 is the angular frequency. The
excitation of SPPs requires dispersion-compensating elements such as
prisms and diffraction gratings. In addition, the SPPs can only be excited
by TM polarized light [18]. In contrast to SPPs, because the dispersion
of TPPs is within the light cone, TPPs can be excited by both TE and
TM polarized light without any dispersion-matching devices [23], which
simplify the realization of TPP-based structures [25–27]. Furthermore,
coupling between TPPs and other resonant states, such as Fabry–Pérot
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2018.08.067
Received 23 May 2018; Received in revised form 20 August 2018; Accepted 27 August 2018
Available online 5 September 2018
0030-4018/© 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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