JDK 11 JavaScripting Programmer's Guide：Release 11官方文档

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《JDK 11 JavaScripting Programmer's Guide》是Oracle公司发布的一份官方文档，针对Java Platform, Standard Edition（Java SE）的第11版进行了详细的编程指导。这份文档在2020年10月更新，版权归属Oracle及其关联公司。文档旨在帮助JavaScript开发者充分利用JDK 11的新特性和功能，以提升开发效率和应用程序的质量。 JDK 11是Java开发工具包的最新版本，它包含了对JavaScript引擎的支持，使得Java平台可以更好地与JavaScript交互和集成。这份指南涵盖了以下几个关键知识点： 1. **JavaScript引擎集成**：JDK 11引入了内置的Nashorn JavaScript引擎，允许Java应用程序直接使用JavaScript进行脚本执行、Web服务调用以及API交互，提高了开发者的灵活性和可扩展性。 2. **ECMAScript规范支持**：JDK 11支持ECMAScript 2020（ES11）标准，包括新的语法特性如async/await、Promise.allSettled、optional chaining等，有助于开发者编写更现代、高效和简洁的代码。 3. **模块系统**：JDK 11引入了基于ES6的模块系统，使得JavaScript代码的组织和管理更加清晰，有利于大型项目维护。 4. **安全性改进**：文档中会详细讲解如何利用JDK的安全特性来保护JavaScript代码和数据，防止潜在的安全威胁。 5. **API文档与示例**：指南提供了丰富的API文档和实战示例，帮助读者快速上手并理解如何在实际项目中集成和使用JavaScript编程。 6. **兼容性和迁移**：文档还会讨论如何处理从早期版本向JDK 11的迁移问题，包括可能遇到的兼容性挑战和解决方案。 7. **许可证协议**：在使用文档和软件时，请注意遵守Oracle的许可证协议，明确使用限制和披露规定，确保合法使用。 8. **错误报告**：如果发现文档中的任何错误，应通过正式渠道向Oracle报告，以便及时修正。对于那些在政府机构或代理政府机构场景下获取该软件的用户，文档还提到了适用于美国政府的特定通知，强调了法律许可的要求。《JDK 11 JavaScripting Programmer's Guide》是一份必备的参考文档，对于任何希望通过JDK 11加强Java与JavaScript集成的开发人员来说，无论是初次接触还是深入学习，都能从中获益匪浅。

Scripting Languages and Java

This section describes the characteristics of scripting languages and how they can be

used by Java programmers.

Scripting languages are programming languages that support the ability to write

scripts. Unlike source files for other programming languages that must be compiled

into bytecode before you run them, scripts are evaluated by a runtime environment (in

this case, by a script engine) directly.

Most scripting languages are dynamically typed. This enables you to create new

variables without declaring the variable type (the interpreter assigns the type based

on the type of the object associated with the variable), and you can reuse the same

variable for objects of different types (type conversion is performed automatically).

Scripting languages generally have simple syntax; they allow complex tasks to be

performed in relatively few steps.

Although scripting languages are usually interpreted at runtime, they can be compiled

into Java bytecode that can then be executed on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

Scripting languages can be faster and easier to use for certain problems, so it is

sometimes chosen by developers of Java applications. However, if you write your Java

application in a scripting language, then you lose the benefits of the Java language

(such as type safety and access to the class library).

Java Specification Request (JSR) 223: Scripting for the Java Platform addresses the

issue of integrating Java and scripting languages. It defines a standard framework and

application programming interface (API) to embed scripts in your Java applications

and access Java objects from scripts.

By embedding scripts in your Java code, you can customize and extend the Java

application. For example, you can have configuration parameters, business logic,

math expressions, and other external parts written as scripts. When developing your

Java application, you do not need to choose the scripting language. If you write your

application with the Java Scripting API (defined by JSR 223), then users can write

scripts in any language compliant with JSR 223. See The Java Scripting API.

When writing a script in a language compliant with JSR 223, you have access to the

entire standard Java library. See Using Java from Scripts.

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