VR-Forces 4.0.4 用户指南：虚拟现实仿真软件

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"VR-Forces 4.0.4 用户指南" VR-Forces是由MAK公司开发的一款高级仿真软件，主要用于创建虚拟现实环境中的逼真动态模拟体验。这款软件适用于军事训练、教育、工程仿真等多种领域，提供了一个强大且灵活的平台来构建和运行复杂的虚拟交互场景。在用户指南中，你可以找到关于VR-Forces的详细信息，包括如何使用该软件的各种功能。VR-Forces的核心特性可能包括但不限于以下几点： 1. **VR-Exchange** - 这是MAK公司的一个商标，可能与数据交换和接口有关，使得VR-Forces能够与其他系统和应用程序无缝集成，共享数据和交互。 2. **VR-TheWorld** - 可能是用于构建全球地理空间环境的工具，允许用户在虚拟环境中重现真实世界的地理位置和地形。 3. **VR-Vantage** - 可能是一个高级的视图或控制台工具，让操作员可以监控和控制VR-Forces模拟的各个方面。 4. **VR-Link** - 可能是一个通信协议或组件，负责在虚拟环境中的不同元素之间建立链接，确保同步和数据流动。 5. **RTIspy** - 这可能是一个实时基础设施（RTI）监视工具，用于调试和分析分布式系统中的数据流量。 6. **B-HAVE** - 可能是一种行为建模或人工智能技术，用于模拟虚拟角色的行为和决策。 7. **Terrain Profiles** - 提及了基于Qwt项目的工作，意味着VR-Forces可能使用了开源库来生成和处理地形数据，提供精细的地形渲染和物理模拟。用户指南还提到了版权和许可信息，强调未经许可不得复制或重制文档内容。此外，MAK公司提供了与第三方软件的许可证信息，如Boost、libXML、libICONV、pThreads库、EHS、PCRE和PM等，这些可能作为VR-Forces的一部分使用，遵循特定的开源许可协议。联系MAK公司的方式也在指南中给出，包括地址、电话、传真和电子邮件地址，以便用户获取更多支持或反馈问题。文档结构通常包括前言，介绍如何组织手册，以及关于MAK产品、如何联系他们以及文档约定的更多信息。按键命名约定部分可能解释了在使用VR-Forces时如何理解和操作各种鼠标按钮。最后，指南中还有第三方许可证的相关章节，详细列出了所使用开源库的许可条款。 VR-Forces用户指南是一个全面的资源，涵盖了软件的安装、配置、使用方法、示例和故障排除等内容，旨在帮助用户充分利用VR-Forces的功能进行高保真的模拟和训练。

xiv VT MÄK

Preface — How This Manual is Organized

Chapter 9, Aggregate Entities describes how to view aggregate entities.

Chapter 10, The Observer and Observer Modes explains what an observer is and the

different ways observers can be configured.

Chapter 11, Moving the Observer explains how to navigate the 3D and 2D views by

moving the observer.

Chapter 12, Attaching the Observer explains how to attach the observer to entities and

objects. This is an alternative to manually moving the observer through the terrain.

Chapter 13, Intervisibility explains how to determine if entities can see other entities or

areas of the terrain.

Chapter 14, Displaying Terrain Information describes ways to change how terrain is

displayed. These options provide different types of information about the terrain.

Chapter 15, Remote Graphics explains how to enable display of graphics generated by

remote applications.

Appendix A, Common GUI Controls and Behaviors explains how to manage toolbars

and other aspects of the VR-Forces GUI.

Appendix B, Command-line Options, describes how to start VR-Forces and load terrain

databases, and configure HLA time management.

MÄK Products Glossary defines terms common to DIS, HLA, and MÄK products.

VR-Forces Quick Reference Card lists command line options, keyboard shortcuts, and

navigation and view options.

VR-Forces Users Guide xv

Preface — How This Manual is Organized

VR-Forces Documentation

VR-Forces documentation is provided as manuals in PDF format, online help, and

HTML class documentation. The PDF files are in the ./doc directory. The VR-Forces

documentation set is as follows:

 VR-Forces Documentation Center is your central starting point for accessing the VR-

Forces manual set. It has a documentation roadmap, tables of contents for all

manuals, and a master index, including the TDB Tool, to help you find references

to subjects that are covered in two or more manuals or locate the manual in which

a particular topic is discussed. All table of contents entries and index entries are live

links to the manuals.

 VR-Forces Getting Started Guide is a quick introduction to VR-Forces. It covers the

basics of installing VR-Forces, running a scenario, and creating a scenario. It

focuses on helping new users avoid common mistakes.

 VR-Forces Users Guide describes how to install VR-Forces and configure license

management. It explains how to use the VR-Forces graphical user interface to view

simulations and how to manage aspects of VR-Forces that are not directly related to

creating and running scenarios.

 VR-Forces Scenario Management Guide explains how to create and run scenarios.

 VR-Forces Configuration Guide explains advanced features for configuring perfor-

mance and how to edit VR-Forces configuration files. It includes documentation of

the Entity Editor, OPD Editor, and Scenario Merge tools.

 VR-Forces Developers Guide explains how to use the VR-Forces simulation and

remote control APIs. It focuses primarily on the simulation engine. Provided in

PDF format and as part of the HTML API documentation.

 VR-Forces Front-End Developers Guide explains how to extend or modify the VR-

Forces graphical user interface (GUI). Provided in PDF format and as part of the

HTML API documentation.

 VR-Forces Migration Guide collates API migration information for each release in

the VR-Forces 3.x series.

 Online help. The VR-Forces front-end, the OPD Editor, the Entity Editor, and the

TDB Tool have online help accessible from the Help menu.

 HTML API documentation. Class documentation and developers guides in linked

HTML pages.

 VR-Forces Release Notes.

xvi VT MÄK

Preface — MÄK Products

MÄK Products

VR-Forces is a member of the VT MÄK line of software products designed to stream-

line the process of developing and using networked simulated environments. The VT

MÄK product line includes the following:

 VR-Link® Network Toolkit. VR-Link is an object-oriented library of C++ func-

tions and definitions that implement the High Level Architecture (HLA) and the

Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) protocol. VR-Link has built-in support

for the RPR FOM and allows you to map to other FOMs. This library minimizes

the time and effort required to build and maintain new HLA or DIS-compliant

applications, and to integrate such compliance into existing applications.

VR-Link includes a set of sample debugging applications and their source code.

The source code serves as an example of how to use the VR-Link Toolkit to write

applications. The executables provide valuable debugging services such as gener-

ating a predictable stream of HLA or DIS messages, and displaying the contents of

messages transmitted on the network.

 MÄK RTI. An RTI (Run-Time Infrastructure) is required to run applications using

the High Level Architecture (HLA). The MÄK RTI is optimized for high perfor-

mance. It has an API, RTIspy®, that allows you to extend the RTI using plug-in

modules. It also has a graphical user interface (the RTI Assistant) that helps users

with configuration tasks and managing federates and federations.

 VR-Forces®. VR-Forces is a computer generated forces application and toolkit. It

provides an application with a GUI, that gives you a 2D and 3D views of a simu-

lated environment.

You can create and view local entities, aggregate them into hierarchical units, assign

tasks, set state parameters, and create plans that have tasks, set statements, and

conditional statements. VR-Forces also functions as a plan view display for viewing

remote entities taking part in an exercise. Using the toolkit, you can extend the

VR-Forces application or create your own application for use with another user

interface.

 VR-Vantage™. VR-Vantage is a line of products designed to meet your simulation

visualization needs. It includes four end-user applications (VR-Vantage Stealth,

VR-Vantage XR, VR-Vantage PVD, and VR-Vantage IG), the VR-Vantage

Toolkit, and VR-Vantage FreeView.

– VR-Vantage Stealth displays a realistic, 3D view of your virtual world. You can

view this world from the inside of a simulated moving vehicle, or place the

eyepoint at another moving or stationary location. The Stealth lets you switch

rapidly among several predefined viewpoints while the simulation is underway.

– VR-Vantage IG is a configurable desktop image generator (IG) for out the

window (OTW) scenes and remote camera views. It has most of the features of

the Stealth, but is optimized for its IG function.

VR-Forces Users Guide xvii

Preface — MÄK Products

– VR-Vantage XR provides a common operational picture using the same 3D

views as VR-Vantage Stealth, a 2D plan view, and an exaggerated reality (XR)

view. Together these views provide both situational awareness and the big picture

of the simulated world.

– VR-Vantage PVD provides a 2D plan view display. It gives you the big picture of

the simulated world.

– The VR-Vantage Toolkit is a 3D visual application development toolkit. Use it

to customize or extend MÄK’s VR-Vantage applications, or to integrate VR-

Vantage capabilities into your custom applications. VR-Vantage is built on top

of OpenSceneGraph (OSG). The toolkit includes the OSG version used to build

VR-Vantage.

– VR-Vantage Free View is a terrain and 3D model viewer that introduces some of

the features of VR-Vantage applications in a useful, free utility.

 MÄK Data Logger. The Data Logger, also called the Logger, can record HLA and

DIS exercises and play them back for after-action review. You can play a recorded

file at speeds above or below normal and can quickly jump to areas of interest. The

Logger has a GUI and a text interface. The Logger API allows you to extend the

Logger using plug-in modules or embed the Logger into your own application. The

Logger editing features let you merge, trim, and offset Logger recordings.

 VR-Exchange™. VR-Exchange allows simulations that use incompatible commu-

nications protocols to interoperate. For example, within the HLA world, using VR-

Exchange, federations using the HLA RPR FOM 1.0 can interoperate with simula-

tions using RPR FOM 2.0, or federations using different RTIs can interoperate.

VR-Exchange supports HLA, TENA, and DIS translation.

 VR-TheWorld™ Server. VR-TheWorld Server is a simple, yet powerful, web-

based streaming terrain server, developed in conjunction with Pelican Mapping.

Delivered with a global base map, you can also easily populate it with your own

custom source data through a web-based interface. The server can be deployed on

private, classified networks to provide streaming terrain data to a variety of simula-

tion and visualization applications behind your firewall.

 VR-inTerra. VR-inTerra is a C++ API for adding terrain agility to applications. It

can load, page, or stream terrain from a wide variety of formats or sources into a

single, consistent run-time representation, consisting of a collision graph and

vector network.

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