太赫兹频段信息亭随机信道模型：超高数据速率的关键

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本文主要探讨了太赫兹（THz）频段的信息亭应用程序，该应用利用高带宽提供超高速的数字信息下载服务，对于用户手持设备而言具有巨大的潜力。在太赫兹通信系统中，系统配置和传输路径的复杂性对数据速率的实现有着决定性的影响。研究者针对这一特性，通过实地使用矢量网络分析仪进行精确的通道测量，旨在建立一个随机信道模型，以便更好地理解和模拟实际通信环境。首先，作者采用三维射线跟踪模拟器对收集到的测量数据进行校准，以此为基础进行详尽的仿真分析。他们对观测到的不同传播路径进行了细致的分类，特别关注了在时间和频率域中关键的通道参数，如相位分布、幅度衰落等。同时，在空间域中，通过对各类型射线的特征进行建模，揭示了空间多径效应对信号传输的影响。文章的核心部分是构建了一个基于Rician K因子和均方根时延扩展的随机信道模型。Rician K因子反映了无线信道中的直射与散射成分的比例，而均方根时延扩展则衡量了多径信号的相对强度。通过对这些参数的精确建模，研究人员能够准确地预测信道特性，这对于优化系统设计和提高数据传输的可靠性至关重要。比较实验数据和模型预测的结果显示，新提出的随机信道模型在Rician K因子和均方根时延扩展这两个关键指标上的平均绝对误差分别为1.48 dB和0.07 ns，这表明模型的精度较高，能够有效支持系统设计工程师进行Kiosk-style的近距离通信系统设计。在考虑适当的通信距离和高级调制技术（如MIMO或多载波通信）的情况下，论文预测在数十GHz的系统带宽下，每秒可达100吉比特的数据速率，这是一个显著的进步。这项研究不仅提供了对太赫兹频段信息亭应用传播通道的深入理解，还为设计和优化未来THz通信系统的性能奠定了基础。通过使用该随机信道模型，工程师们可以在设计过程中更高效地模拟和分析不同场景下的通信效果，从而推动太赫兹技术的实际应用和商业化进程。

504 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 7, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER 2017

Fig. 2. (a) Three possible Kiosk downloading scenarios and (b) measurement

campaign: VNA with automatic stage surrounded by wave absorber [17].

Fig. 3. Antenna pattern: (a) 2-D view of vertical cut and (b) 3-D view.

by measurement of the S-parameters (S21) for varying distances

between Tx and Rx using an automatic translation stage.

In practice, different users may place their devices in different

positions, which not only results in various distances between

Tx and Rx, but also inﬂuences the angles of departure (AoDs)

arrival (AoAs) at Tx and Rx. However, due to constraints on the

experimental equipment, measurements at different angles have

not been realized. To extract the channel characteristics of the

scenarios s uch as multipath composition, angular proﬁle and po-

larization i mpact for varying Tx and Rx positions, a 3-D RT sim-

ulator is calibrated based on the measurement results. Initially,

the highest reﬂection order considered by the simulator is set to

6. The antenna patterns of Tx and Rx are considered as well.

The metal plate is assumed to be a perfect dielectric conductor.

The parameters to be calibrated are the PET absorption loss A

pet

and its dielectric parameters 

and δ. The initial PET absorption

loss is set to A

pet

= 2 dB and the initial dielectric parameters

are 

=6.4,δ =0.1171. Fig. 4 compares the uncalibrated RT

result with the measurement for a snapshot of Scenario (i). The

delays of rays match well with the measurement, indicating the

accuracy of the geometric environment model. However, the

errors of the simulated amplitudes are larger than 5 dB. A ge-

Fig. 4. Comparison between uncalibrated RT result and measurement of a

snapshot of Scenario (i).

netic algorithm is applied to ﬁnd the best set of A

pet

, 

and δ for

the PET plate that minimize the mean absolute error of the power

delay proﬁle. The calibration progress is shown in Fig. 5(a), the

algorithm converges after 40 runs, and the mean absolute error

of the power delay proﬁle between calibrated results and mea-

surements is reduced from 5 to 0.99 dB. The calibrated material

parameters of the PET plate are A

pet

=1.97 dB, 

=2.1899,

and δ =0.1187. The calibrated results of Scenario (i)–(iii) are

shown in Fig. 5(b) and 5(c), respectively. As can be seen from

the ﬁgures, the number of reﬂection rays varies among different

scenarios, due to the different alignments of the metal plates

and PET plate. The average RMS delay spread decreases from

Scenario (i) to (iii) (0.39, 0.22, and 0.12 ns, respectively), and

the average Rician K-factor in terms of rays increases from Sce-

nario (i) to (iii) (14.91, 22.13, and 26.07 dB, respectively). Thus,

the overall contribution of multipath components of Scenario (i)

is the highest and that of Scenario (iii) is the smallest among

the three scenarios. The average errors of RMS delay spreads

and Rician K-factors of the RT results are 0.02 ns and 0.05 dB,

respectively, indicating that the calibrated RT results match well

with the measurements in terms of the amplitudes and delays

of signiﬁcant multipath components. Therefore, the calibrated

RT simulator is sufﬁciently accurate in describing the three po-

tential Kiosk downloading scenarios. In the following section,

RT simulation is used to overcome the limits of measurement

to analyze more characteristics of the Kiosk downloading prop-

agation channel, and RT results perform as reference data for

channel modeling.

III. C

HANNEL MODELING AND RESULTS

In this section, the calibrated RT simulator is used to run

intensive simulations for different scenario conﬁgurations. For

each of the three scenarios, the Tx is ﬁxed, while the Rx position

varies within a 3-D space near the front cover, as depicted in

Fig. 6. The width and the height of the metal plate of Tx and

Rx are 0.2 m, respectively. The 3-D grid distance between each

neighboring Rx position is 0.04 m. In this paper, 576 snapshots

(Rx positions) are simulated for Scenario (i), 540 snapshots are

simulated for Scenario (ii), and 340 snapshots are simulated for

Scenario (iii). The total number of snapshots vary due to the con-

straint on the valid communication space in different scenarios.

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