提升LabVIEW编程能力：高级技巧2版

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"《LabVIEW高级编程技术第二版》是一本深入讲解LabVIEW编程的权威指南，专为提升程序员在该领域内的技术能力而设计。LabVIEW，由National Instruments公司开发，是一种流行的图形化编程环境，广泛应用于控制系统、测量、测试和数据采集等领域。本书针对的是LabVIEW的高级编程技巧，它不仅涵盖了基本概念和工具，还涵盖了诸如模块化编程、数据流控制、函数式编程、并行处理、以及实时系统设计等高级主题。作者通过丰富的实例和实用策略，帮助读者掌握如何利用LabVIEW的图形化编程特性来优化代码效率，提高代码可读性和维护性。书中特别强调了如何有效地利用控件、数组、结构化文本、VI参考以及自定义函数库，这些都是提升编程技能的关键要素。此外，书中的内容还包括了如何处理复杂的数据流、如何设计高效的实时控制系统，以及如何进行模块间的通信和协作。除了理论讲解，书中还包含了大量实战案例，让读者能够在实践中应用所学知识。此外，对于网络资源的支持也值得一提，如链接到电子发烧友网站（http://www.elecfans.com）和电子技术论坛（http://bbs.elecfans.com），这些平台提供了丰富的LabVIEW社区资源和讨论，有助于读者扩展学习视野和解决问题。版权页显示，本书版权由Taylor & Francis Group所有，2007年出版，强调了引用和尊重原始资料的重要性。书中内容经过精心筛选和校对，确保信息的准确性和可靠性，但同时也提示读者，尽管努力提供准确数据，作者和出版社并不能对此类信息的完整性和一致性承担全部责任。《LabVIEW高级编程技术第二版》是一本理想的参考资料，适合已有一定LabVIEW基础的开发者进一步提升编程技巧，同时也为寻求进阶知识的学习者提供了一个坚实的基础。"

Chapter 7

Shared Variable ................................................................................299

7.1 Overview of Shared Variables ..................................................................... 299

7.1.1 Single Process Variables ..................................................................300

7.1.2 Network Published Variable.............................................................300

7.2 Shared Variable Engine................................................................................301

7.2.1 Accessing the Shared Variable Engine ............................................ 301

7.2.1.1 Shared Variable Manager..................................................301

7.2.1.2 Windows Event Viewer .................................................... 302

7.2.1.3 Windows Performance Monitor .......................................302

7.2.1.4 Windows Task Manager ...................................................304

7.3 Shared Variable Processes and Services......................................................304

7.4 Shared Variable Networking ........................................................................306

7.5 Shared Variable Domains.............................................................................308

7.6 Pitfalls of Distributed Applications .............................................................312

7.7 Shared Variables and Network Security ...................................................... 313

7.7.1 LabVIEW Speciﬁc Security Issues..................................................316

Bibliography .......................................................................................................... 317

Chapter 8

.NET, ActiveX, and COM................................................................319

8.1 Introduction to OLE, COM, and ActiveX...................................................320

8.1.1 Deﬁnition of Related Terms.............................................................320

8.1.1.1 Properties and Methods .................................................... 320

8.1.1.2 Interfaces...........................................................................321

8.1.1.3 Clients and Servers...........................................................321

8.1.1.4 In-Process and Out-of-Process .........................................321

8.1.1.5 The Variant........................................................................322

8.2 COM.............................................................................................................322

8.3 OLE ..............................................................................................................323

8.4 ActiveX.........................................................................................................323

8.4.1 Description of ActiveX ....................................................................323

8.4.2 ActiveX Deﬁnitions ......................................................................... 324

8.4.3 ActiveX Technologies ......................................................................324

8.4.3.1 ActiveX Terminology .......................................................325

8.4.4 Events ...............................................................................................326

8.4.5 Containers.........................................................................................326

8.4.6 How ActiveX Controls Are Used ....................................................327

8.5 .NET .............................................................................................................327

8.5.1 Description of .NET.........................................................................328

8.5.2 Common Language Runtime...........................................................328

8.5.3 Intermediate Language.....................................................................329

8.5.4 Web Protocols .................................................................................. 329

8.5.5 Assembly..........................................................................................329

8.5.6 Global Assembly Cache...................................................................329

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8.6 LabVIEW and ActiveX................................................................................330

8.6.1 The LabVIEW ActiveX Container ..................................................330

8.6.1.1 Embedding Objects...........................................................330

8.6.1.2 Inserting ActiveX Controls and Documents .................... 332

8.6.2 The ActiveX Palette .........................................................................334

8.6.2.1 Automation Open and Close ............................................334

8.6.2.2 The Property Node ........................................................... 335

8.6.2.3 The Invoke Node ..............................................................336

8.6.2.4 Variant to Data Function ..................................................339

8.6.3 Using the Container versus Automation..........................................340

8.6.4 Event Support in LabVIEW ............................................................ 340

8.6.4.1 Register Event...................................................................341

8.6.4.2 Event Callback.................................................................. 341

8.6.5 LabVIEW as ActiveX Server...........................................................343

8.7 LabVIEW and .NET .................................................................................... 344

8.7.1 .NET Containers...............................................................................344

8.7.2 .NET Palette .....................................................................................347

8.8 The VI Server...............................................................................................348

8.9

ActiveX and .NET Examples ......................................................................350

8.9.1 Common Dialog Control .................................................................350

8.9.2 Progress Bar Control........................................................................351

8.9.3 Microsoft Calendar Control.............................................................353

8.9.4 Web Browser Control ......................................................................354

8.9.5 Microsoft Scripting Control............................................................. 358

8.9.6 Microsoft System Information Control ...........................................360

8.9.7 Microsoft Status Bar Control...........................................................362

8.9.8 Microsoft Tree View Control...........................................................365

8.9.9 Microsoft Agent ...............................................................................368

8.9.9.1

Request Objects — First Tier...........................................369

8.9.9.2 Other First-Tier Controls ..................................................369

8.9.9.3 The Characters Object ...................................................... 369

8.9.9.4 The Character Control ...................................................... 370

8.9.10 Registry Editing Control..................................................................375

8.9.11 Controlling Microsoft Word.............................................................377

8.9.12 Microsoft Access Control ................................................................379

8.9.13 Instrument Control Using ActiveX.................................................. 383

8.9.14 Instrument Control Using .NET ......................................................384

8.9.15 Controlling LabVIEW from Other Applications.............................387

8.9.16

Understanding ActiveX Error Codes ...............................................391

8.9.17 Advanced ActiveX details................................................................393

Bibliography .......................................................................................................... 395

Chapter 9

Multithreading in LabVIEW............................................................397

9.1 Multithreading Terminology ........................................................................398

9.1.1 Win32 ...............................................................................................398

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9.1.2 UNIX................................................................................................398

9.1.3 Multitasking .....................................................................................398

9.1.3.1 Preemptive Multithreading ...............................................399

9.1.4 Kernel Objects.................................................................................. 400

9.1.5 Thread............................................................................................... 400

9.1.6 Process..............................................................................................401

9.1.7 Application .......................................................................................401

9.1.8 Priority..............................................................................................402

9.1.8.1

How Operating Systems Determine which Threads........402

9.1.9 Security.............................................................................................402

9.1.10 Thread Safe ......................................................................................402

9.2 Thread Mechanics ........................................................................................403

9.2.1 Thread States....................................................................................404

9.2.2 Scheduling Threads..........................................................................404

9.2.3 Context Switching............................................................................404

9.3 Win32 Multithreading..................................................................................405

9.4 Pthreads ........................................................................................................406

9.5 Multithreading Problems..............................................................................407

9.5.1 Race Conditions ...............................................................................408

9.5.2 Priority Inversion..............................................................................408

9.5.3 Starvation..........................................................................................409

9.5.4 Deadlocking .....................................................................................409

9.5.5 Operating System Solutions.............................................................410

9.6 Multithreading Myths ..................................................................................410

9.6.1 The More Threads, the Merrier .......................................................410

9.6.2 More Threads, More Speed .............................................................411

9.6.3 Makes Applications More Robust ...................................................411

9.6.4 Conclusion on Myths.......................................................................412

9.7 Hyper-Threading ..........................................................................................412

9.8 Multithreaded LabVIEW .............................................................................413

9.8.1 Execution Subsystems......................................................................414

9.8.2 The Run Queue ................................................................................417

9.8.3 DLLs in Multithreaded LabVIEW .................................................. 418

9.8.4 Customizing the Thread Conﬁguration ...........................................421

9.9 Thread Count Estimation for LabVIEW .....................................................423

9.9.1 Same as Caller or Single Subsystem Applications .........................426

9.9.2 Multiple Subsystem Applications ....................................................427

9.9.3 Optimizing VIs for Threading .........................................................428

9.9.4 Using VI Priorities ...........................................................................432

9.10 Subroutines in LabVIEW.............................................................................434

9.10.1 Express VIs ......................................................................................435

9.10.2 LabVIEW Data Types......................................................................435

9.10.3 When to Use Subroutines ................................................................437

9.11 Summary ......................................................................................................441

Bibliography .......................................................................................................... 441

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Chapter 10

Object-Oriented Programming in LabVIEW ..................................443

10.1 What Is Object-Oriented? ............................................................................444

10.1.1 The Class..........................................................................................444

10.1.2 Encapsulation ...................................................................................445

10.1.3 Aggregation......................................................................................446

10.1.4 Inheritance........................................................................................447

10.1.5 Polymorphism ..................................................................................448

10.2 Objects and Classes .....................................................................................448

10.2.1 Methods............................................................................................449

10.2.1.1 Special Method — Constructor........................................449

10.2.1.2 Special Method — Destructor..........................................450

10.2.2 Properties..........................................................................................450

10.3 Object Analysis ............................................................................................451

10.4 Object Design...............................................................................................459

10.4.1 Container Classes............................................................................. 460

10.4.2 Abstract Classes ...............................................................................460

10.5 Object Programming ....................................................................................464

10.6 Developing Objects in LabVIEW................................................................465

10.6.1 Properties..........................................................................................466

10.6.2 Constructors .....................................................................................467

10.6.3 Destructors .......................................................................................471

10.6.4 Methods............................................................................................472

10.6.4.1 Public Methods .................................................................472

10.6.4.2 Private Methods ................................................................472

10.7 Examples in Developing Instrument Drivers...............................................473

10.7.1 Complex Instrument Designs...........................................................476

10.8 Object Template ...........................................................................................487

10.9 Exercises....................................................................................................... 489

Bibliography .......................................................................................................... 489

Index

......................................................................................................................491

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Introduction to LabVIEW

Programmers develop software applications every day in order to increase efﬁciency

and productivity in various situations. LabVIEW, as a programming language, is a

powerful tool that can be used to help achieve these goals. LabVIEW (Laboratory

Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) is a graphically-based programming

language developed by National Instruments. Its graphical nature makes it ideal for

test and measurement (T&M), automation, instrument control, data acquisition, and

data analysis applications. This results in signiﬁcant productivity improvements over

conventional programming languages. National Instruments focuses on products for

T&M, giving them a good insight into developing LabVIEW.

This chapter will provide a brief introduction to LabVIEW. Some basic topics

will be covered to give you a better understanding of how LabVIEW works and

how to begin using it. This chapter is not intended to teach beginners LabVIEW

programming thoroughly. Those wishing to learn LabVIEW should consider attend-

ing a National Instruments LabVIEW Basics course. Relevant information on the

courses offered, schedules, and locations can be found at www.ni.com/training. If

you have prior experience with LabVIEW, you can skip this chapter and proceed to

the advanced chapters.

First, VIs and their components will be discussed, followed by LabVIEW’s

dataﬂow programming paradigm. Then, several topics related to creating VIs will

be covered by explaining the front panel and block diagram. The chapter will

conclude with descriptions of icons and setting preferences.

1.1 VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTS

Simply put, a Virtual Instrument (VI) is a LabVIEW programming element. A VI

consists of a front panel, block diagram, and an icon that represents the program.

The front panel is used to display controls and indicators for the user, and the block

diagram contains the code for the VI. The icon, which is a visual representation of

the VI, has connectors for program inputs and outputs.

Programming languages such as C and BASIC use functions and subroutines as

programming elements. LabVIEW uses the VI. The front panel of a VI handles the

function inputs and outputs, and the code diagram performs the work of the VI.

Multiple VIs can be used to create large scale applications, in fact, large scale

applications may have several hundred VIs. A VI may be used as the user interface

or as a subroutine in an application. User interface elements such as graphs are

easily accessed, as drag-and-drop units in LabVIEW.

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