蓝牙4.0标准详解：双模与低功耗应用

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"蓝牙协议标准-Core-V4.0.pdf" 蓝牙4.0标准是蓝牙技术的重要里程碑，它引入了两种不同类型的蓝牙标准，以适应更广泛的应用场景。这两种标准分别是传统蓝牙（Classic Bluetooth）和低功耗蓝牙（Bluetooth Low Energy，也称为BLE）。传统蓝牙是基于早期版本（1.0、1.1、1.2、2.0 EDR、2.1 EDR 和 3.0 EDR）的发展和完善，适用于高数据传输需求，例如语音通信。而低功耗蓝牙则从诺基亚的Wibree标准演变而来，设计用于那些对实时性要求较高但对传输速率要求不那么严格的设备，如健康监测器、遥控器等。传统蓝牙提供了Class 1、Class 2和Class 3三个功率级别，分别支持100米、10米和1米的传输距离。相比之下，低功耗蓝牙没有明确的功率级别，但通常发射功率在7dBm左右，这使得它在保持低能耗的同时，能够实现更长的电池寿命。蓝牙4.0支持两种部署模式：单模和双模。双模配置允许在现有经典蓝牙控制器中集成低功耗蓝牙功能，保持兼容性同时增加的功能有限，对成本影响较小。单模设计则更适合高度集成且体积紧凑的设备，如可穿戴设备或传感器。在规范方面，蓝牙4.0的核心包版本为4.0，出版日期为2010年6月30日。该标准的主目录和合规要求也在同一天发布。修订历史和贡献者列表可在文档的附录中找到。此外，所有蓝牙规格可以在官方蓝牙网站（http://www.bluetooth.com）上获取。版权信息表明，蓝牙规格的版权由蓝牙特别兴趣小组（Bluetooth SIG）的发起成员拥有，并受发起成员协议、会员协议以及蓝牙规格早期采用者协议的约束。这些协议规定了使用蓝牙规格和相关知识产权的条件。蓝牙4.0标准通过结合传统蓝牙和低功耗蓝牙，实现了更高效能、更低功耗的无线连接，为物联网（IoT）和移动设备领域带来了重大进展。其灵活性和兼容性使其成为各种应用场景的理想选择，从音频流媒体到传感器网络，都得到了广泛的应用。

30 June 2010

BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 4.0 [Vol 0] page 16 of 106

2.36 LMP PDU Not Allowed (0X24).................................................352

2.37 Encryption Mode Not Acceptable (0X25).................................352

2.38 Link Key cannot be Changed (0X26).......................................352

2.39 Requested QoS Not Supported (0X27) ...................................352

2.40 Instant Passed (0X28) .............................................................352

2.41 Pairing with Unit Key Not Supported (0X29)............................352

2.42 Different Transaction Collision (0x2A) .....................................352

2.43 QoS Unacceptable Parameter (0X2C).....................................352

2.44 QoS Rejected (0X2D) ..............................................................353

2.45 Channel Assessment Not Supported (0X2E) ..........................353

2.46 Insufficient Security (0X2F)......................................................353

2.47 Parameter out of Mandatory Range (0X30).............................353

2.48 Role Switch Pending (0X32)....................................................353

2.49 Reserved Slot Violation (0X34)................................................353

2.50 Role Switch Failed (0X35) .......................................................353

2.51 Extended Inquiry Response Too Large (0x36) ........................353

2.52 Simple Pairing Not Supported By Host (0X37) ........................354

2.53 Host Busy–Pairing(0X38) ........................................................354

2.54 Connection Rejected Due To No Suitable Channel Found (0X39)

.................................................................................................354

2.55 Controller Busy (0X3A) ............................................................354

2.56 Unacceptable Connection Interval (0X3B)...............................354

2.57 Directed Advertising Timeout (0X3C) ......................................354

2.58 Connection Terminated Due To MIC Failure (0X3D) ...............354

2.59 Connection Failed To Be Established (0X3E)..........................355

2.60 MAC Connection Failed (0x3F) ...............................................355

Part E

HOST CONTROLLER INTERFACE FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION

1Introduction......................................................................................369

1.1 Lower Layers of the Bluetooth Software Stack ........................370

2Overview of Host Controller Transport Layer ...............................372

2.1 Host Controller Transport Layer and AMPS ............................372

3 Overview of Commands and Events ..............................................373

3.1 Generic Events ........................................................................374

3.2 Device Setup ...........................................................................374

3.3 Controller Flow Control ............................................................375

3.4 Controller Information ..............................................................376

3.5 Controller Configuration...........................................................377

3.6 Device Discovery .....................................................................380

3.7 Connection Setup ....................................................................382

3.8 Remote Information .................................................................387

30 June 2010

BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 4.0 [Vol 0] page 17 of 106

3.9 Synchronous Connections .......................................................388

3.10 Connection State......................................................................389

3.11 Piconet Structure......................................................................392

3.12 Quality of Service.....................................................................393

3.13 Physical Links ..........................................................................395

3.14 Host Flow Control.....................................................................397

3.15 Link Information .......................................................................398

3.16 Authentication and Encryption .................................................400

3.17 Testing......................................................................................405

3.18 Alphabetical List of Commands and Events.............................408

3.19 LE Controller Requirements.....................................................415

4HCI Flow Control..............................................................................418

4.1 Host to Controller Data Flow Control .......................................418

4.2 Controller to Host Data Flow Control .......................................421

4.3 Disconnection Behavior ...........................................................421

4.4 Command Flow Control ...........................................................422

4.5 Command Error Handling ........................................................422

5 HCI Data Formats .............................................................................424

5.1 Introduction ..............................................................................424

5.2 Data and Parameter Formats...................................................424

5.3 Handles....................................................................................425

5.4 Exchange of HCI-Specific Information .....................................427

6HCI Configuration Parameters ........................................................435

6.1 Scan Enable.............................................................................435

6.2 Inquiry Scan Interval ................................................................435

6.3 Inquiry Scan Window ...............................................................436

6.4 Inquiry Scan Type ....................................................................436

6.5 Inquiry Mode ............................................................................436

6.6 Page Timeout...........................................................................437

6.7 Connection Accept Timeout .....................................................437

6.8 Page Scan Interval...................................................................438

6.9 Page Scan Window..................................................................438

6.10 Page Scan Period Mode (Deprecated) ....................................438

6.11 Page Scan Type.......................................................................439

6.12 Voice Setting ............................................................................439

6.13 PIN Type ..................................................................................440

6.14 Link Key ...................................................................................440

6.15 Failed Contact Counter ............................................................440

6.16 Authentication Enable ..............................................................441

6.17 Hold Mode Activity ...................................................................441

6.18 Link Policy Settings..................................................................443

6.19 Flush Timeout ..........................................................................444

30 June 2010

BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 4.0 [Vol 0] page 18 of 106

6.20 Num Broadcast Retransmissions ............................................444

6.21 Link Supervision Timeout.........................................................445

6.22 Synchronous Flow Control Enable ..........................................445

6.23 Local Name..............................................................................446

6.24 Extended Inquiry Response.....................................................446

6.25 Erroneous Data Reporting .......................................................446

6.26 Class Of Device .......................................................................447

6.27 Supported Commands.............................................................447

6.28 Logical Link Accept Timeout ....................................................454

6.29 Location Domain Aware...........................................................455

6.30 Location Domain......................................................................455

6.31 Location Domain Options ........................................................455

6.32 Location Options......................................................................456

6.33 Flow Control Mode...................................................................456

6.34 LE Supported Host ..................................................................457

6.35 Simultaneous LE Host ............................................................457

7HCI Commands and Events............................................................458

7.1 Link Control Commands ..........................................................458

7.2 Link Policy Commands ............................................................535

7.3 Controller & Baseband Commands .........................................560

7.4 Informational Parameters ........................................................670

7.5 Status Parameters ...................................................................680

7.6 Testing Commands ..................................................................704

7.7 Events......................................................................................715

7.8 LE Controller Commands ........................................................806

8List of Figures..................................................................................857

9List of Tables....................................................................................858

10 Appendix A: Deprecated Commands, Events and Configuration

Parameters .......................................................................................859

10.1 Read Page Scan Mode Command ..........................................860

10.2 Write Page Scan Mode Command ..........................................861

10.3 Read Page Scan Period Mode Command...............................862

10.4 Write Page Scan Period Mode Command...............................863

10.5 Add SCO Connection Command.............................................864

10.6 Page Scan Mode Change Event .............................................866

10.7 Read Country Code Command ...............................................867

10.8 Read Encryption Mode Command...........................................868

10.9 Write Encryption Mode Command...........................................868

10.10 Deprecated Parameters...........................................................869

Part F

MESSAGE SEQUENCE CHARTS

30 June 2010

BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 4.0 [Vol 0] page 19 of 106

1Introduction......................................................................................877

1.1 Notation....................................................................................877

1.2 Flow of Control.........................................................................878

1.3 Example MSC ..........................................................................878

2Services Without Connection Request ..........................................879

2.1 Remote Name Request............................................................879

2.2 One-time Inquiry.......................................................................881

2.3 Periodic Inquiry ........................................................................883

3 ACL Connection Establishment and Detachment.........................885

3.1 Connection Setup ....................................................................886

4Optional Activities After ACL Connection Establishment............893

4.1 Authentication Requested........................................................893

4.2 Simple Pairing Message Sequence Charts..............................894

4.3 Link Supervision Timeout Changed Event ...............................907

4.4 Set Connection Encryption.......................................................908

4.5 Change Connection Link Key...................................................909

4.6 Change Connection Link Key with Encryption Pause and

Resume....................................................................................909

4.7 Master Link Key .......................................................................911

4.8 Read Remote Supported Features ..........................................913

4.9 Read Remote Extended Features............................................913

4.10 Read Clock Offset....................................................................914

4.11 Role Switch on an Encrypted Link using Encryption Pause and

Resume....................................................................................914

4.12 Refreshing Encryption Keys.....................................................915

4.13 Read Remote Version Information...........................................916

4.14 QOS Setup...............................................................................916

4.15 Switch Role ..............................................................................917

4.16 AMP Physical Link Creation and Disconnect...........................918

4.17 AMP Test Mode Sequence Charts...........................................925

5Synchronous Connection Establishment and Detachment .........929

5.1 Synchronous Connection Setup...............................................929

6Sniff, Hold and Park.........................................................................934

6.1 Sniff Mode................................................................................934

6.2 Hold Mode................................................................................935

6.3 Park State.................................................................................937

7Buffer Management, Flow Control..................................................940

8Loopback Mode................................................................................942

8.1 Local Loopback Mode..............................................................942

8.2 Remote Loopback Mode..........................................................944

9List of Figures...................................................................................946

30 June 2010

BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 4.0 [Vol 0] page 20 of 106

Part G

SAMPLE DATA

1Encryption Sample Data..................................................................953

1.1 Generating Kc' from Kc,...........................................................953

1.2 First Set of Sample Data..........................................................956

1.3 Second Set of Sample Data.....................................................964

1.4 Third Set of Samples ...............................................................972

1.5 Fourth Set of Samples .............................................................980

2Frequency Hopping Sample Data...................................................988

2.1 First set ....................................................................................989

2.2 Second set...............................................................................995

2.3 Third set.................................................................................1001

3Access Code Sample Data............................................................1007

4 HEC and Packet Header Sample Data..........................................1010

5CRC Sample Data........................................................................... 1011

6Complete Sample Packets............................................................1012

6.1 Example of DH1 Packet.........................................................1012

6.2 Example of DM1 Packet ........................................................1013

7Simple Pairing Sample Data..........................................................1014

7.1 P-192 Sample Data................................................................1014

7.2 Hash Functions Sample Data ................................................1015

8Whitening Sequence Sample Data ...............................................1026

9FEC Sample Data...........................................................................1029

10 Encryption Key Sample Data ........................................................1030

10.1 Four Tests of E1.....................................................................1030

10.2 Four Tests of E21...................................................................1035

10.3 Three Tests of E22.................................................................1037

10.4 Tests of E22 With Pin Augmenting.........................................1039

10.5 Four Tests of E3.....................................................................1049

Part H

SECURITY SPECIFICATION

1Security Overview..........................................................................1059

1.1 Pausing Encryption and Role Switch.....................................1060

1.2 Change Connection Link Keys ..............................................1060

1.3 Periodically Refreshing Encryption Keys ...............................1060

2Random Number Generation........................................................1061

3Key Management...........................................................................1063

3.1 Key Types ..............................................................................1063

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