Python专业学习指南：英文版详解与实战

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"《Python学习（英文版）》是一本针对专业人员设计的免费编程教程，由GoalKicker.com提供，专为教育目的创作，但并非官方Python®组织或公司的官方出版物。本书共700多页，深入浅出地讲解了Python语言的基础知识与高级技巧。在第1章“Getting Started with Python Language”中，学习者将从入门开始，包括： 1.1 起步阶段：引导读者快速熟悉Python环境，设置基础配置。 1.2 创建变量和赋值：介绍如何声明变量以及Python中的变量类型和赋值规则。 1.3 块缩进：强调Python的特色语法——使用空格表示代码块，这是其简洁风格的重要组成部分。 1.4 数据类型：详细讲解Python中的基本数据类型，如整数、浮点数、字符串等。 1.5 集合类型：解释集合的概念，以及它们在Python中的应用。 1.6 IDLE - Python图形用户界面：介绍Python内置的集成开发环境IDLE，用于编写和调试代码。 1.7 用户输入：探讨如何在程序中接收用户输入，实现交互性。 1.8 内置模块和函数：介绍Python的核心功能模块和常用内置函数。 1.9 创建模块：指导如何创建和导入自定义模块，以便组织代码结构。 1.10 Python 2.7.x和3.x的安装：对比两个版本，并演示如何安装不同版本的Python。 1.11 字符串函数str()和repr()：解析这两个函数在处理字符串时的不同作用。 1.12 使用pip安装外部模块：教授如何利用pip这个包管理器来扩展Python的功能。 1.13 帮助工具：展示如何有效利用Python的内置帮助系统获取文档和支持。第二章“Python Data Types”深入研究各类数据类型，如： 2.1 字符串数据类型：讲解字符串的创建、操作和常见方法。 2.2 集合数据类型：进一步探索集合的特性和用法。 2.3 数字数据类型：包括整数、浮点数、复数等类型的详细介绍。通过这些章节的学习，读者将对Python语言有全面且深入的理解，适合希望提升Python技能的专业人士使用。"

methods 470 ........................................................................................................................................................................

Section 102.1: Motivation 470 ...........................................................................................................................................

Section 102.2: Both methods implemented, eval-round-trip style __repr__() 474 ..................................................

Chapter 103: Debugging 475 ........................................................................................................................................

Section 103.1: Via IPython and ipdb 475 .........................................................................................................................

Section 103.2: The Python Debugger: Step-through Debugging with _pdb_ 475 ....................................................

Section 103.3: Remote debugger 477 .............................................................................................................................

Chapter 104: Reading and Writing CSV 478 ........................................................................................................

Section 104.1: Using pandas 478 .....................................................................................................................................

Section 104.2: Writing a TSV ﬁle 478 ..............................................................................................................................

Chapter 105: Writing to CSV from String or List 479 ......................................................................................

Section 105.1: Basic Write Example 479 ..........................................................................................................................

Section 105.2: Appending a String as a newline in a CSV ﬁle 479 ...............................................................................

Chapter 106: Dynamic code execution with `exec` and `eval` 480 .............................................................

Section 106.1: Executing code provided by untrusted user using exec, eval, or ast.literal_eval 480 .......................

Section 106.2: Evaluating a string containing a Python literal with ast.literal_eval 480 ...........................................

Section 106.3: Evaluating statements with exec 480 .....................................................................................................

Section 106.4: Evaluating an expression with eval 481 .................................................................................................

Section 106.5: Precompiling an expression to evaluate it multiple times 481 ............................................................

Section 106.6: Evaluating an expression with eval using custom globals 481 ...........................................................

Chapter 107: PyInstaller - Distributing Python Code 482 ..............................................................................

Section 107.1: Installation and Setup 482 ........................................................................................................................

Section 107.2: Using Pyinstaller 482 ................................................................................................................................

Section 107.3: Bundling to One Folder 483 .....................................................................................................................

Section 107.4: Bundling to a Single File 483 ...................................................................................................................

Chapter 108: Data Visualization with Python 484 .............................................................................................

Section 108.1: Seaborn 484 ..............................................................................................................................................

Section 108.2: Matplotlib 486 ...........................................................................................................................................

Section 108.3: Plotly 487 ...................................................................................................................................................

Section 108.4: MayaVI 489 ...............................................................................................................................................

Chapter 109: The Interpreter (Command Line Console) 491 .......................................................................

Section 109.1: Getting general help 491 ..........................................................................................................................

Section 109.2: Referring to the last expression 491 ......................................................................................................

Section 109.3: Opening the Python console 492 ............................................................................................................

Section 109.4: The PYTHONSTARTUP variable 492 ......................................................................................................

Section 109.5: Command line arguments 492 ...............................................................................................................

Section 109.6: Getting help about an object 493 ...........................................................................................................

Chapter 110: *args and **kwargs 495 .......................................................................................................................

Section 110.1: Using **kwargs when writing functions 495 ............................................................................................

Section 110.2: Using *args when writing functions 495 ..................................................................................................

Section 110.3: Populating kwarg values with a dictionary 496 .....................................................................................

Section 110.4: Keyword-only and Keyword-required arguments 496 ........................................................................

Section 110.5: Using **kwargs when calling functions 496 ............................................................................................

Section 110.6: **kwargs and default values 496 .............................................................................................................

Section 110.7: Using *args when calling functions 497 ..................................................................................................

Chapter 111: Garbage Collection 498 ........................................................................................................................

Section 111.1: Reuse of primitive objects 498 ..................................................................................................................

Section 111.2: Eects of the del command 498 ..............................................................................................................

Section 111.3: Reference Counting 499 ............................................................................................................................

Section 111.4: Garbage Collector for Reference Cycles 499 .........................................................................................

Section 111.5: Forcefully deallocating objects 500 .........................................................................................................

Section 111.6: Viewing the refcount of an object 501 .....................................................................................................

Section 111.7: Do not wait for the garbage collection to clean up 501 ........................................................................

Section 111.8: Managing garbage collection 501 ...........................................................................................................

Chapter 112: Pickle data serialisation 503 .............................................................................................................

Section 112.1: Using Pickle to serialize and deserialize an object 503 ..........................................................................

Section 112.2: Customize Pickled Data 503 ....................................................................................................................

Chapter 113: Binary Data 505 ......................................................................................................................................

Section 113.1: Format a list of values into a byte object 505 ........................................................................................

Section 113.2: Unpack a byte object according to a format string 505 ......................................................................

Section 113.3: Packing a structure 505 ............................................................................................................................

Chapter 114: Idioms 507 ..................................................................................................................................................

Section 114.1: Dictionary key initializations 507 ..............................................................................................................

Section 114.2: Switching variables 507 ............................................................................................................................

Section 114.3: Use truth value testing 507 ......................................................................................................................

Section 114.4: Test for "__main__" to avoid unexpected code execution 508 ..........................................................

Chapter 115: Data Serialization 509 ..........................................................................................................................

Section 115.1: Serialization using JSON 509 ....................................................................................................................

Section 115.2: Serialization using Pickle 509 ...................................................................................................................

Chapter 116: Multiprocessing 511 ...............................................................................................................................

Section 116.1: Running Two Simple Processes 511 .........................................................................................................

Section 116.2: Using Pool and Map 511 ...........................................................................................................................

Chapter 117: Multithreading 513 .................................................................................................................................

Section 117.1: Basics of multithreading 513 ....................................................................................................................

Section 117.2: Communicating between threads 514 ....................................................................................................

Section 117.3: Creating a worker pool 515 ......................................................................................................................

Section 117.4: Advanced use of multithreads 515 ..........................................................................................................

Section 117.5: Stoppable Thread with a while Loop 517 ...............................................................................................

Chapter 118: Processes and Threads 518 ..............................................................................................................

Section 118.1: Global Interpreter Lock 518 ......................................................................................................................

Section 118.2: Running in Multiple Threads 519 .............................................................................................................

Section 118.3: Running in Multiple Processes 520 ..........................................................................................................

Section 118.4: Sharing State Between Threads 520 .......................................................................................................

Section 118.5: Sharing State Between Processes 521 ....................................................................................................

Chapter 119: Python concurrency 522 .....................................................................................................................

Section 119.1: The multiprocessing module 522 .............................................................................................................

Section 119.2: The threading module 523 .......................................................................................................................

Section 119.3: Passing data between multiprocessing processes 523 ........................................................................

Chapter 120: Parallel computation 525 ..................................................................................................................

Section 120.1: Using the multiprocessing module to parallelise tasks 525 .................................................................

Section 120.2: Using a C-extension to parallelize tasks 525 ........................................................................................

Section 120.3: Using Parent and Children scripts to execute code in parallel 525 ....................................................

Section 120.4: Using PyPar module to parallelize 526 ..................................................................................................

Chapter 121: Sockets 527 ................................................................................................................................................

Section 121.1: Raw Sockets on Linux 527 .........................................................................................................................

Section 121.2: Sending data via UDP 527 .......................................................................................................................

Section 121.3: Receiving data via UDP 528 .....................................................................................................................

Section 121.4: Sending data via TCP 528 ........................................................................................................................

Section 121.5: Multi-threaded TCP Socket Server 528 ...................................................................................................

Chapter 122: Websockets 531 ......................................................................................................................................

Section 122.1: Simple Echo with aiohttp 531 ...................................................................................................................

Section 122.2: Wrapper Class with aiohttp 531 .............................................................................................................

Section 122.3: Using Autobahn as a Websocket Factory 532 ......................................................................................

Chapter 123: Sockets And Message Encryption/Decryption Between Client and Server

534 ............................................................................................................................................................................................

Section 123.1: Server side Implementation 534 ..............................................................................................................

Section 123.2: Client side Implementation 536 ..............................................................................................................

Chapter 124: Python Networking 538 .....................................................................................................................

Section 124.1: Creating a Simple Http Server 538 ..........................................................................................................

Section 124.2: Creating a TCP server 538 ......................................................................................................................

Section 124.3: Creating a UDP Server 539 .....................................................................................................................

Section 124.4: Start Simple HttpServer in a thread and open the browser 539 .........................................................

Section 124.5: The simplest Python socket client-server example 540 .......................................................................

Chapter 125: Python HTTP Server 541 ....................................................................................................................

Section 125.1: Running a simple HTTP server 541 .........................................................................................................

Section 125.2: Serving ﬁles 541 ........................................................................................................................................

Section 125.3: Basic handling of GET, POST, PUT using BaseHTTPRequestHandler 542 .........................................

Section 125.4: Programmatic API of SimpleHTTPServer 543 .......................................................................................

Chapter 126: Flask 545 ....................................................................................................................................................

Section 126.1: Files and Templates 545 ...........................................................................................................................

Section 126.2: The basics 545 ..........................................................................................................................................

Section 126.3: Routing URLs 546 .....................................................................................................................................

Section 126.4: HTTP Methods 547 ...................................................................................................................................

Section 126.5: Jinja Templating 547 ...............................................................................................................................

Section 126.6: The Request Object 548 ..........................................................................................................................

Chapter 127: Introduction to RabbitMQ using AMQPStorm 550 ................................................................

Section 127.1: How to consume messages from RabbitMQ 550 ..................................................................................

Section 127.2: How to publish messages to RabbitMQ 551 .........................................................................................

Section 127.3: How to create a delayed queue in RabbitMQ 551 ................................................................................

Chapter 128: Descriptor 554 .........................................................................................................................................

Section 128.1: Simple descriptor 554 ...............................................................................................................................

Section 128.2: Two-way conversions 555 .......................................................................................................................

Chapter 129: tempﬁle NamedTemporaryFile 556 .............................................................................................

Section 129.1: Create (and write to a) known, persistent temporary ﬁle 556 .............................................................

Chapter 130: Input, Subset and Output External Data Files using Pandas 557 .................................

Section 130.1: Basic Code to Import, Subset and Write External Data Files Using Pandas 557 ...............................

Chapter 131: Unzipping Files 559 ................................................................................................................................

Section 131.1: Using Python ZipFile.extractall() to decompress a ZIP ﬁle 559 ............................................................

Section 131.2: Using Python TarFile.extractall() to decompress a tarball 559 ...........................................................

Chapter 132: Working with ZIP archives 560 ........................................................................................................

Section 132.1: Examining Zipﬁle Contents 560 ...............................................................................................................

Section 132.2: Opening Zip Files 560 ...............................................................................................................................

Section 132.3: Extracting zip ﬁle contents to a directory 561 .......................................................................................

Section 132.4: Creating new archives 561 ......................................................................................................................

Chapter 133: Getting start with GZip 562 ..............................................................................................................

Section 133.1: Read and write GNU zip ﬁles 562 ............................................................................................................

Chapter 134: Stack 563 ...................................................................................................................................................

Section 134.1: Creating a Stack class with a List Object 563 ........................................................................................

Section 134.2: Parsing Parentheses 564 .........................................................................................................................

Chapter 135: Working around the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) 565 .....................................................

Section 135.1: Multiprocessing.Pool 565 ..........................................................................................................................

Section 135.2: Cython nogil: 566 ......................................................................................................................................

Chapter 136: Deployment 567 .....................................................................................................................................

Section 136.1: Uploading a Conda Package 567 ............................................................................................................

Chapter 137: Logging 569 ..............................................................................................................................................

Section 137.1: Introduction to Python Logging 569 ........................................................................................................

Section 137.2: Logging exceptions 570 ...........................................................................................................................

Chapter 138: Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI) 573 .............................................................................

Section 138.1: Server Object (Method) 573 .....................................................................................................................

Chapter 139: Python Server Sent Events 574 ......................................................................................................

Section 139.1: Flask SSE 574 .............................................................................................................................................

Section 139.2: Asyncio SSE 574 ........................................................................................................................................

Chapter 140: Alternatives to switch statement from other languages 575 .......................................

Section 140.1: Use what the language oers: the if/else construct 575 .....................................................................

Section 140.2: Use a dict of functions 575 ......................................................................................................................

Section 140.3: Use class introspection 576 .....................................................................................................................

Section 140.4: Using a context manager 577 ................................................................................................................

Chapter 141: List destructuring (aka packing and unpacking) 578 .........................................................

Section 141.1: Destructuring assignment 578 .................................................................................................................

Section 141.2: Packing function arguments 579 ............................................................................................................

Section 141.3: Unpacking function arguments 581 ........................................................................................................

Chapter 142: Accessing Python source code and bytecode 582 ..............................................................

Section 142.1: Display the bytecode of a function 582 ..................................................................................................

Section 142.2: Display the source code of an object 582 .............................................................................................

Section 142.3: Exploring the code object of a function 583 ..........................................................................................

Chapter 143: Mixins 584 ..................................................................................................................................................

Section 143.1: Mixin 584 .....................................................................................................................................................

Section 143.2: Overriding Methods in Mixins 585 ...........................................................................................................

Chapter 144: Attribute Access 586 ...........................................................................................................................

Section 144.1: Basic Attribute Access using the Dot Notation 586 ...............................................................................

Section 144.2: Setters, Getters & Properties 586 ............................................................................................................

Chapter 145: ArcPy 588 ..................................................................................................................................................

Section 145.1: createDissolvedGDB to create a ﬁle gdb on the workspace 588 ........................................................

Section 145.2: Printing one ﬁeld's value for all rows of feature class in ﬁle geodatabase using Search

Cursor 588 .................................................................................................................................................................

Chapter 146: Abstract Base Classes (abc) 589 ...................................................................................................

Section 146.1: Setting the ABCMeta metaclass 589 .......................................................................................................

Section 146.2: Why/How to use ABCMeta and @abstractmethod 589 ......................................................................

Chapter 147: Plugin and Extension Classes 591 .................................................................................................

Section 147.1: Mixins 591 ...................................................................................................................................................

Section 147.2: Plugins with Customized Classes 592 .....................................................................................................

Chapter 148: Immutable datatypes(int, ﬂoat, str, tuple and frozensets) 594 ..................................

Section 148.1: Individual characters of strings are not assignable 594 .......................................................................

Section 148.2: Tuple's individual members aren't assignable 594 ...............................................................................

Section 148.3: Frozenset's are immutable and not assignable 594 .............................................................................

Chapter 149: Incompatibilities moving from Python 2 to Python 3 595 ................................................

Section 149.1: Integer Division 595 ...................................................................................................................................

Section 149.2: Unpacking Iterables 596 ..........................................................................................................................

Section 149.3: Strings: Bytes versus Unicode 598 ..........................................................................................................

Section 149.4: Print statement vs. Print function 600 ....................................................................................................

Section 149.5: Dierences between range and xrange functions 601 ........................................................................

Section 149.6: Raising and handling Exceptions 602 .....................................................................................................

Section 149.7: Leaked variables in list comprehension 604 ..........................................................................................

Section 149.8: True, False and None 605 ........................................................................................................................

Section 149.9: User Input 605 ...........................................................................................................................................

Section 149.10: Comparison of dierent types 606 .......................................................................................................

Section 149.11: .next() method on iterators renamed 606 .............................................................................................

Section 149.12: ﬁlter(), map() and zip() return iterators instead of sequences 607 ...................................................

Section 149.13: Renamed modules 607 ...........................................................................................................................

Section 149.14: Removed operators <> and ``, synonymous with != and repr() 608 ...................................................

Section 149.15: long vs. int 608 .........................................................................................................................................

Section 149.16: All classes are "new-style classes" in Python 3 609 ............................................................................

Section 149.17: Reduce is no longer a built-in 610 .........................................................................................................

Section 149.18: Absolute/Relative Imports 610 ..............................................................................................................

Section 149.19: map() 612 ................................................................................................................................................

Section 149.20: The round() function tie-breaking and return type 613 ....................................................................

Section 149.21: File I/O 614 ..............................................................................................................................................

Section 149.22: cmp function removed in Python 3 614 ...............................................................................................

Section 149.23: Octal Constants 615 ...............................................................................................................................

Section 149.24: Return value when writing to a ﬁle object 615 ....................................................................................

Section 149.25: exec statement is a function in Python 3 615 ......................................................................................

Section 149.26: encode/decode to hex no longer available 616 .................................................................................

Section 149.27: Dictionary method changes 617 ..........................................................................................................

Section 149.28: Class Boolean Value 617 .......................................................................................................................

Section 149.29: hasattr function bug in Python 2 618 ...................................................................................................

Chapter 150: 2to3 tool 619 ............................................................................................................................................

Section 150.1: Basic Usage 619 ........................................................................................................................................

Chapter 151: Non-ocial Python implementations 621 ................................................................................

Section 151.1: IronPython 621 ...........................................................................................................................................

Section 151.2: Jython 621 .................................................................................................................................................

Section 151.3: Transcrypt 622 ..........................................................................................................................................

Chapter 152: Abstract syntax tree 625 ...................................................................................................................

Section 152.1: Analyze functions in a python script 625 ................................................................................................

Chapter 153: Unicode and bytes 627 .......................................................................................................................

Section 153.1: Encoding/decoding error handling 627 ..................................................................................................

Section 153.2: File I/O 627 ................................................................................................................................................

Section 153.3: Basics 628 ..................................................................................................................................................

Chapter 154: Python Serial Communication (pyserial) 630 .........................................................................

Section 154.1: Initialize serial device 630 .........................................................................................................................

Section 154.2: Read from serial port 630 .......................................................................................................................

Section 154.3: Check what serial ports are available on your machine 630 ..............................................................

Chapter 155: Neo4j and Cypher using Py2Neo 632 .........................................................................................

Section 155.1: Adding Nodes to Neo4j Graph 632 ..........................................................................................................

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