Symbian C++ API深度探索：P.I.P.S.指南

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"P.I.P.S. Symbian C++ API" 《P.I.P.S. Symbian C++ API 指南》是一本专为Symbian操作系统平台上的C++开发者设计的指南，由一系列专家共同审阅和编写，包括Rob Cliff、Antony Edwards、Freddie Gjersten等人。该指南的1st Edition于09/08年发布，由Symbian Software Limited出版。Symbian Software Limited是Symbian操作系统的版权所有者，同时也承认文档中提及的所有第三方商标权利。 Symbian C++ API是开发Symbian应用的核心工具，它提供了丰富的功能接口，让开发者能够充分利用Symbian操作系统的能力。通过深入理解和熟练使用P.I.P.S.（可能代表Platform Interface Programming Style或Platform Independent Programming Style，具体含义可能在书中有所阐述），开发者能够更好地掌握Symbian开发中的编码精要和最佳实践。此指南涵盖了Symbian C++ API的基础知识，可能包括类库的使用、内存管理、线程与并发处理、系统服务的访问、用户界面构建、网络通信以及设备访问等方面。它旨在帮助开发者理解和应用Symbian操作系统的核心API，提高代码效率和应用程序性能。值得注意的是，Symbian Software Ltd明确声明，文档中的信息仅供参考，不提供任何关于信息适用性或准确性的保证。读者不应依赖这些信息进行决策，而应根据自身项目需求进行深入研究和实验。此外，未经Symbian Software Ltd的书面许可，不得复制文档的任何部分。该书的作者Vinod Vijayarajan以及编辑Ashlee Godwin和设计顾问Alex Mitchell为内容的创作和呈现做出了贡献。尽管摘要没有提供详细的内容，但可以推断，《P.I.P.S. Symbian C++ API 指南》对于想要在Symbian平台上进行高效开发的C++程序员来说，是一份宝贵的参考资料。

This manual describes the state of P.I.P.S. and Open C in August 2008, but may mention

features expected to be released after that date. It confines itself to the Standard C and POSIX

features in the frameworks and does not cover Open C++, which is the new Standard C++

library introduced by Nokia to complement Open C. Documentation for Open C and Open C++

is available at the Open C website (

www.forum.nokia.com/openc

At Symbian, we are working to address some of the limitations detailed in the ‘Using P.I.P.S.

and Open C’ section. Specifically, items marked [UR] are ‘Under Review’ and may be fixed in

future releases. Please refer to the P.I.P.S. website at

developer.symbian.com/P.I.P.S._wiki

for

the latest information.

The Premise of P.I.P.S.

What P.I.P.S. Can Do For You

The premise of P.I.P.S. is twofold. Firstly, it provides engineers with a framework that

substantially reduces the cost of porting applications to Symbian OS. Existing standards-

compliant code will work on Symbian OS with some minor changes and a rebuild.

Secondly, it provides a more familiar programming interface for developers new to the Symbian

platform. It gives them something easier to cut their teeth on, before tackling the fairly steep

learning curve of native Symbian C++ programming - which is required if you wish to access

most device-specific features such as multimedia or telephony.

In general, if you were to divide your application code into the front end (UI), the back end

engine (where you can process events and data, interact with other processes, etc.) and the

code that accesses peripherals (to interact with hardware such as the camera or the

microphone), P.I.P.S. can usually be used to write or port across the back end engine only. UI

libraries such as the X Window System or libncurses are not provided by P.I.P.S..

Figure 2 shows the P.I.P.S. back end.

Figure 2: P.I.P.S. back end.

What P.I.P.S. is Not

P.I.P.S. is not a Unix application runtime environment on Symbian OS. You cannot run an

application you have compiled for your Unix desktop on Symbian with P.I.P.S.. You will, at the

very least, need to recompile your application using the Symbian OS toolchain.

P.I.P.S. attempts to comply with the POSIX.1 (core services) and POSIX.1c (thread extensions)

standards as far as possible. However, full compliance is not possible owing to constraints

imposed by the underlying architecture of Symbian OS. For example, Symbian OS does not

support the fork-and-exec paradigm as it does not duplicate the calling process when creating

a new one. There is no fork that returns ‘twice’ – once in the parent and once in the child – to

allow you to distinguish in the same source what code runs as parent and what as child.

Signals and system calls are not natively supported and can only be logically approximated.

Where possible, we have documented deviations from the standards and outlined

workarounds. You may find this information in documentation for the individual APIs or in

manuals such as this, available for download from

developer.symbian.com/P.I.P.S._wiki

P.I.P.S. does not, as yet, provide a mechanism to interact with the various phone peripherals

(for example, the camera, microphone, etc.) or UI. But you can always invoke relevant native

APIs to do this. We suggest that you isolate these operations into separate source files (as

these need to be in C++) and link them together with the rest of your P.I.P.S.-based code

(which can be in either C or C++) to create a ‘complete’ application.

For a practical example, see the whitepaper on porting a VNC Viewer to Symbian OS with

P.I.P.S., available at

developer.symbian.com/P.I.P.S._wiki

. There are additional code examples

and porting guides available at the Open C website,

www.forum.nokia.com/main/resources/technologies/open_c

estlib and P.I.P.S.

estlib is an old, partially-compliant, limited implementation of POSIX APIs on Symbian OS,

which is now deprecated. Initially written to support a JVM implementation on Symbian OS,

estlib does not support threading or IPC (inter-process communication), has limited process

creation support, is relatively inefficient and makes poor use of underlying operating system

features. P.I.P.S., on the other hand, is much more complete, up-to-date and standards-compliant.

Symbian recommends that you use P.I.P.S. instead of estlib, which will eventually be retired.

Please note that estlib and P.I.P.S. are not compatible with each other. This is, by far, the

most common cause of problems when working with P.I.P.S.. Mixing estlib’s include paths or

libraries with P.I.P.S. may lead to random build or runtime errors.

P.I.P.S. Libraries

P.I.P.S. provides the following standard libraries on Symbian OS:

libc - Standard C and POSIX APIs

• stdio, including printf(), scanf() and their variants

• file IO, both buffered and raw, including fopen, open, fread, read, etc.

• stdlib APIs, including environment variable support

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