A fast pulse phase estimation method for X-ray
pulsar signals based on epoch folding
Xue Mengfan, Li Xiaoping
*
, Sun Haifeng, Fang Haiyan
School of Aerospace Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710126, China
Received 26 July 2015; revised 3 December 2015; accepted 1 February 2016
Available online 10 May 2016
KEYWORDS
Epoch folding;
Maximum likelihood;
Phase estimation;
X-ray pulsar;
X-ray pulsar-based
navigation (XPNAV)
Abstract X-ray pulsar-based navigation (XPNAV) is an attractive method for autonomous deep-
space navigation in the future. The pulse phase estimation is a key task in XPNAV and its accuracy
directly determines the navigation accuracy. State-of-the-art pulse phase estimation techniques
either suffer from poor estimation accuracy, or involve the maximization of generally non-
convex object function, thus resulting in a large computational cost. In this paper, a fast pulse phase
estimation method based on epoch folding is presented. The statistical properties of the observed
profile obtained through epoch folding are developed. Based on this, we recognize the joint prob-
ability distribution of the observed profile as the likelihood function and utilize a fast Fourier
transform-based procedure to estimate the pulse phase. Computational complexity of the proposed
estimator is analyzed as well. Experimental results show that the proposed estimator significantly
outperforms the currently used cross-correlation (CC) and nonlinear least squares (NLS) estima-
tors, while significantly reduces the computational complexity compared with NLS and maximum
likelihood (ML) estimators.
Ó 2016 Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Chinese Society of Aeronautics and
Astronautics. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/
licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
1. Introduction
Pulsars are highly magnetized, rapidly rotating neutron stars
emitting uniquely identifiable signals that are periodical and
predictable, throughout the electromagnetic spectrum with
periods ranging from milliseconds to thousands of seconds.
The repetition period of the radiation signals is simply the
rotation period of the neutron star. For some pulsars, the sta-
bility of their rotation periods over long timescales is as precise
as an atomic clock.
1–3
Of all pulsars, the ones which are visible
in the X-ray band of the electromagnetic spectrum are called
‘‘X-ray pulsar” .
3,4
Compared with the other types of pulsars,
the X-ray pulsars are more suitable for use in deep space nav-
igation because of the existence of small size X-ray detectors
that can be mounted on a spacecraft.
5
X-ray pulsar-based navigation (XPNAV) is a developing
celestial navigation method and receives increasing attention.
It is promising to fulfill completely autonomous navigation
to reduce the dependence of current navigation system to
ground-based operations, or to argument the current systems
*
Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 29 81891036.
E-mail address: xpli@xidian.edu.cn (X. Li).
Peer review under responsibility of Editorial Committee of CJA.
Production and hosting by Elsevier
Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, (2016), 29(3): 746–753
Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics
& Beihang University
Chinese Journal of Aeronautics
cja@buaa.edu.cn
www.sciencedirect.com
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2016.03.005
1000-9361 Ó 2016 Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).