iOS核心开发者手册（第5版）：实现高效移动应用

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"The Core iOS Developer's Cookbook, 5th Edition" 这本书是针对iOS应用开发者的实用指南，由iOS编程专家Erica Sadun和顶级iOS开发者Rich Wardwell合作撰写，旨在帮助开发者解决常见的iOS开发挑战。书中通过各种代码示例和解决方案，详细解释了如何充分利用iOS的核心技术，包括图形、触摸交互和视图等。本书涵盖了多个关键主题： 1. **多点触控和手势交互**：讲解如何创建基于直接触摸的用户界面，利用多点触控、手势识别器和自定义手势来增强用户体验。 2. **控制和视图定制**：介绍如何构建和定制各种控件，提供强大且个性化的用户界面。 3. **动态效果**：讨论如何添加新颖的运动效果，使应用程序更具吸引力。 4. **用户通知**：讲解如何使用弹出窗口、进度条、本地通知、popover、音频提示等多种方式提醒用户。 5. **Xcode模块集成**：说明如何利用Xcode模块轻松整合系统框架和头文件，简化开发过程。 6. **视图和动画**：深入探讨视图的组装和动画实现，以及如何组织视图层次结构，理解视图间的协同工作原理。 7. **Auto Layout**：介绍使用突破性的Auto Layout约束系统支持多种屏幕几何形状，确保布局在不同设备上的适配。 8. **文本处理**：涵盖键盘控制、文本感知元素的实现以及高效文本扫描和格式化。 9. **视图控制器**：阐述如何利用视图控制器组织用户的工作空间，提升用户体验。 10. **媒体管理**：指导如何处理照片、视频、电子邮件和短信，提供丰富的多媒体功能。 11. **社交网络支持**：利用iOS对社交媒体活动的增强支持，包括与Flickr和Vimeo的集成。 12. **无障碍功能**：介绍VoiceOver无障碍技术，包括文本转语音功能，使应用更易于所有用户使用。 13. **数据管理**：引导读者开始使用Core Data进行数据存储管理。 14. **网络和Web服务**：探讨强大的网络和Web服务支持，以便实现离线数据同步和远程API调用。 15. **提升用户体验**：通过使用APIs，进一步优化用户交互和功能。书中的每个主题都提供了详细的实践代码示例，不仅教会你如何操作，还解释了背后的原理，帮助开发者建立扎实的iOS开发基础。无论是初学者还是有经验的开发者，都能从这本书中受益匪浅，提升自己的iOS应用开发能力。

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Your Roadmap to Mac/iOS Development

Once you know C and how to work with a compiler (something you’ll learn in that basic C

course), the rest should be easy. From there, you’ll hop right on to Objective-C and learn how

to program with that, alongside the Cocoa frameworks. The flowchart in Figure P-1 shows the

key titles offered by Pearson Education that can help provide the training you need to become

a skilled iOS developer.

ooNNo

YesYesYes

Yes

YesYes

College Level

Course on C

Familiar with Cocoa and Xcode?

Coming Soon

Do you know C?

Do you know Objective-C?

Figure P-1 A roadmap to becoming an iOS developer .

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xvi

Preface

Once you know C, you’ve got a few options for learning how to program with Objective-C. If

you want an in-depth view of the language, you can either read Apple’s own documentation or

pick up one of these books on Objective-C:

■

Objective-C Programming: The Big Nerd Ranch Guide , 2nd edition, by Aaron Hillegass and

Mikey Ward (Big Nerd Ranch, 2013)

■

Learning Objective-C 2.0: A Hands-on Guide to Objective-C for Mac and iOS Developers , 2nd

edition, by Robert Clair (Addison-Wesley, 2012)

■

Programming in Objective-C 2.0 , 6th edition, by Stephen Kochan (Addison-Wesley, 2012)

With the language under your belt, next up is tackling Cocoa (Mac) or Cocoa Touch (iOS) and

the developer tools, otherwise known as Xcode. For that, you have a few different options.

Again, you can refer to Apple’s own documentation on Cocoa, Cocoa Touch, and Xcode (Apple

Developer: developer.apple.com), or if you prefer books, you can learn from the best. Aaron

Hillegass, founder of the Big Nerd Ranch in Atlanta ( www.bignerdranch.com ), is the coauthor

of iOS Programming: The Big Nerd Ranch Guide , 2nd edition, and author of Cocoa Programming

for Mac OS X , 4th edition. Aaron’s book is highly regarded in Mac developer circles and is the

most-recommended book you’ll see on the cocoa-dev mailing list.

Note

There are plenty of other books from other publishers on the market, including the bestselling

Beginning iOS 6 Development by Dave Mark, Jack Nutting, Jeff LaMarche, and Fredrik Olsson

(Apress, 2011). Another book that’s worth picking up if you’re a total newbie to programming is

Beginning Mac Programming by Tim Isted (Pragmatic Programmers, 2011). Don’t just limit your-

self to one book or publisher. Just as you can learn a lot by talking with different developers,

you will learn lots of tricks and tips from other books on the market.

To truly master Mac or iOS development, you need to look at a variety of sources: books, blogs,

mailing lists, Apple’s own documentation, and, best of all, conferences. If you get a chance

to attend WWDC, you’ll know what we’re talking about. The time you spend at conferences

talking with other developers—and in the case of WWDC, talking with Apple’s engineers—is

well worth the expense if you are a serious developer.

How This Book Is Organized

This book offers single-task recipes for the most common issues new iOS developers face: laying

out interface elements, responding to users, accessing local data sources, and connecting to

the Internet. Each chapter groups together related tasks, allowing you to jump directly to the

solution you’re looking for without having to decide which class or framework best matches

that problem.

The Core iOS Developer’s Cookbook offers you “cut-and-paste convenience,” which means you

can freely reuse the source code from recipes in this book for your own applications and then

tweak the code to suit the needs of each of your apps.

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xvii

How This Book Is Organized

Here’s a rundown of what you’ll find in this book’s chapters:

■

Chapter 1 , “Gestures and Touches” —On iOS, touch provides the most important way

for users to communicate their intent to an application. Touches are not limited to

button presses and keyboard interaction. This chapter introduces direct manipulation

interfaces, Multi-Touch, and more. You’ll see how to create views that users can drag

around the screen and read about distinguishing and interpreting gestures, as well as how

to create custom gesture recognizers.

■

Chapter 2 , “Building and Using Controls” —Take your controls to the next level.

This chapter introduces everything you need to know about how controls work. You’ll

discover how to build and customize controls in a variety of ways. From the prosaic to

the obscure, this chapter introduces a range of control recipes you can reuse in your

programs.

■

Chapter 3 , “Alerting the User” —iOS offers many ways to provide users with heads-

ups, from pop-up dialogs and progress bars to local notifications, popovers, and audio

pings. This chapter shows how to build these indications into your applications and

expand your user-alert vocabulary. It introduces standard ways of working with these

classes and offers solutions that allow you to use a blocks-based API to easily handle alert

interactions.

■

Chapter 4 , “Assembling Views and Animations” —The UIView class and its subclasses

populate the iOS device screens. This chapter introduces views from the ground up. This

chapter dives into view recipes, exploring ways to retrieve, animate, and manipulate

view objects. You’ll learn how to build, inspect, and break down view hierarchies and

understand how views work together. You’ll discover the role that geometry plays in

creating and placing views into your interface, and you read about animating views so

they move and transform onscreen.

■

Chapter 5 , “View Constraints” —Auto Layout revolutionized view layout in iOS.

Apple’s layout features make your life easier and your interfaces more consistent.

This is especially important when working across members of the same device family

with different screen sizes, dynamic interfaces, rotation, or localization. This chapter

introduces code-level constraint development. You’ll discover how to create relations

between onscreen objects and specify the way iOS automatically arranges your views. The

outcome is a set of robust rules that adapt to screen geometry.

■

Chapter 6 , “Text Entry” —This chapter introduces text recipes that support a wide range

of solutions. You’ll read about controlling keyboards, making onscreen elements “text

aware,” scanning text, formatting text, and so forth. From text fields and text views to

iOS’s inline spelling checkers, this chapter introduces everything you need to know to

work with iOS text in your apps.

■

Chapter 7 , “Working with View Controllers” —In this chapter, you’ll discover

the various view controller classes that enable you to enlarge and order the virtual

spaces your users interact with. You’ll learn from how-to recipes that cover page view

controllers, split view controllers, navigation controllers, and more.

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xviii

Preface

■

Chapter 8 , “Common Controllers” —The iOS SDK provides a wealth of system-supplied

controllers that you can use in your day-to-day development tasks. This chapter

introduces some of the most popular ones. You’ll read about selecting images from your

photo library, snapping photos, and recording and editing videos. You’ll discover how

to allow users to compose e-mails and text messages and how to post updates to social

media such as Twitter and Facebook.

■

Chapter 9 , “Creating and Managing Table Views” —Tables provide a scrolling

interaction class that works particularly well both on smaller devices and as a key player

on larger tablets. Many iOS apps center on tables due to their simple natural organization

features. This chapter introduces tables, explaining how tables work, what kinds of tables

are available to you as a developer, and how you can leverage table features in your

applications.

■

Chapter 10 , “Collection Views” —Collection views use many of the same concepts as

tables but provide more power and more flexibility. This chapter walks you through all

the basics you need to get started. Prepare to read about creating side-scrolling lists, grids,

one-of-a-kind layouts like circles, and more. You’ll learn about integrating visual effects

through layout specifications and snapping items into place after scrolling, and you’ll

discover how to take advantage of built-in animation support to create the most effective

interactions possible.

■

Chapter 11 , “Documents and Data Sharing” —Under iOS, applications can share

information and data as well as move control from one application to another, using

several system-supplied features. This chapter introduces the ways you can integrate

documents and data sharing between applications. You’ll see how to add these features

into your applications and use them smartly to make your apps cooperative citizens of

the iOS ecosystem.

■

Chapter 12 , “A Taste of Core Data” —Core Data offers managed data stores that can

be queried and updated from your application. It provides a Cocoa Touch–based object

interface that brings relational data management out from SQL queries and into the

Objective-C world of iOS development. This chapter introduces Core Data. It provides

just enough recipes to give you a taste of the technology, offering a jumping-off point for

further Core Data learning. You’ll learn how to design managed database stores, add and

delete data, and query data from your code and integrate it into your UIKit table views

and collection views.

■

Chapter 13 , “Networking Basics” —On Internet-connected devices, iOS is particularly

suited to subscribing to web-based services. Apple has lavished the platform with a solid

grounding in all kinds of network computing services and their supporting technologies.

This chapter surveys common techniques for network computing and offers recipes that

simplify day-to-day tasks. This chapter introduces the new HTTP system in iOS 7 and

provides examples for downloading data, including background downloading. You’ll also

read about network reachability and web services, including examples of XML parsing

and JSON serialization utilizing live services.

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xix

About the Sample Code

■

Chapter 14 , “Device-Specific Development” —Each iOS device represents a meld of

unique, shared, momentary, and persistent properties. These properties include the

device’s current physical orientation, its model name, its battery state, and its access to

onboard hardware. This chapter looks at the device from its build configuration to its

active onboard sensors. It provides recipes that return a variety of information items

about the unit in use.

■

Chapter 15 , “Accessibility” —This chapter offers a brief overview of VoiceOver

accessibility to extend your audience to the widest possible range of users. You’ll read

about adding accessibility labels and hints to your applications and testing those features

in the simulator and on the iOS device.

■

Appendix A , “Objective-C Literals” —This appendix introduces new Objective-C

constructs for specifying numbers, arrays, and dictionaries.

About the Sample Code

For the sake of pedagogy, this book’s sample code uses a single main.m file. This is not how

people normally develop iPhone or Cocoa applications, or, honestly, how they should be

developing them, but it provides a great way of presenting a single big idea. It’s hard to tell

a story that requires looking through five or seven or nine individual files at once. Offering a

single file concentrates that story, allowing access to that idea in a single chunk.

The examples in this book are not intended as standalone applications. Each is here to

demonstrate a single recipe and a single idea. One main.m file with a central presentation

reveals the implementation story in one place. Readers can study these concentrated ideas and

transfer them into normal application structures, using the standard file structure and layout.

The presentation in this book does not produce code in a standard day-to-day best-practices

approach. Instead, it reflects a pedagogy that offers concise solutions that you can incorporate

into your work as needed.

Contrast this to Apple’s standard sample code, where you must comb through many files to

build up a mental model of the concepts that are being demonstrated. Those examples are built

as full applications, often involving tasks that are related to but not essential to what you need

to solve. Finding just the relevant portions is a lot of work, and the effort may outweigh any

gains.

In this book, you’ll find exceptions to this one-file-with-the-story rule: This book provides

standard class and header files when a class implementation is the recipe. Instead of

highlighting a technique, some recipes offer these classes and categories (that is, extensions to a

preexisting class rather than a new class). For those recipes, look for separate .m and .h files, in

addition to the skeletal main.m that encapsulates the rest of the story.

For the most part, the examples in this book use a single application identifier: com.sadun.

helloworld. This book uses one identifier to avoid clogging up your iOS devices with dozens

of examples at once. Each example replaces the previous one, ensuring that your home screen

remains relatively uncluttered. If you want to install several examples simultaneously, simply

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