深入学习SQL Server 2008 MDX指南

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"Microsoft SQL Server 2008 MDX Step by Step 是一本由Hitachi Consulting出版、微软出版社发行的图书，专注于介绍如何在SQL Server 2008环境中使用多维表达式（MDX）进行数据分析。这本书详细阐述了MDX语言的基础知识和高级技巧，适用于希望提升在多维数据集上查询和分析能力的IT专业人士。 MDX（MultiDimensional eXpressions）是OLAP（在线分析处理）系统中用于查询和操作多维数据集的专用语言。在SQL Server 2008中，MDX是与Analysis Services紧密相关的，用于创建复杂的计算、切片和 dice操作，以及构建高性能的数据透视报告。通过学习本书，读者可以掌握如何使用MDX来创建高效的查询，以满足业务分析的需求。本书涵盖了以下关键知识点： 1. **MDX基础**：介绍了MDX语法的基本元素，包括维度、层次、成员和单元的概念，以及如何构造基本的MDX查询。 2. **多维数据模型**：深入讨论了SQL Server Analysis Services中的多维数据模型，包括立方体的结构和设计，以及如何在其中导航。 3. **查询构造**：详细讲解了如何构建MDX查询，包括选择成员、使用集合、应用过滤和排序，以及如何处理时间序列数据。 4. **计算和函数**：介绍了MDX中的各种内置函数和计算，如聚合函数、成员函数和脚本编写，帮助用户创建自定义的度量值和业务逻辑。 5. **切片和切块**：解释了如何使用MDX对数据进行切片和切块，以实现更精细的数据筛选和分析。 6. **透视和旋转**：展示了如何使用MDX进行数据透视，使数据以不同的角度展示，便于洞察业务趋势。 7. **性能优化**：探讨了MDX查询性能优化的策略，包括缓存管理、查询优化和处理策略。 8. **脚本和程序化访问**：介绍了如何通过编程接口（如ADOMD.NET）使用MDX在应用程序中集成数据分析功能。 9. **案例研究和实践**：提供了真实世界的案例，指导读者将所学知识应用于实际项目中，增强解决问题的能力。此外，本书可能还包括对其他微软产品和技术的提及，如Excel、Visual Studio和Windows，它们与SQL Server 2008的集成是数据分析师和开发人员日常工作中不可或缺的部分。通过本书，读者将能够充分利用MDX的威力，提升SQL Server 2008 Analysis Services的使用效果，为企业决策提供强有力的支持。"

xvi Introduction

This book is divided into three sections, each building on the one before it. We strongly

encourage you to read these sections in sequence to ensure that you fully grasp later

concepts and techniques.

Part I, “MDX Fundamentals,” teaches you the fundamentals of the MDX language and the

primary query development tool you use throughout this book.

Chapter 1, “Welcome to MDX,” presents MDX as a means to deliver business value. This chapter

is critical to establishing the concepts and vocabulary we employ throughout this book.

Chapter 2, “Using the MDX Query Editor,” introduces you to the practical aspects of

constructing and executing an MDX query using the MDX Query Editor.

Chapter 3, “Understanding Tuples,” presents the concept of tuples. Understanding tuples is

key to the successful use of the MDX language.

Chapter 4, “Working with Sets,” expands the concept of tuples to include sets. With knowledge

of tuples and sets, the MDX SELECT statement is explored.

Chapter 5, “Working with Expressions,” introduces MDX expressions. Using calculated members,

you explore expressions as a means for deriving values through Analysis Services.

Part II, “MDX Functions,” builds upon the foundation established in Part I to explore the more

frequently used MDX functions.

Chapter 6, “Building Complex Sets,” guides you through the assembly of complex sets using

a variety of MDX functions. Building just the right set is critical to retrieving the data you

need from your cubes.

Chapter 7, “Performing Aggregation,” explains the appropriate use of the MDX aggregation

functions. Thoughtful application of these functions provides access to insightful metrics.

Chapter 8, “Navigating Hierarchies,” explores the positioning of members in hierarchies and

how this can be exploited using the navigation functions.

Chapter 9, “Working with Time,” introduces you to the time-based MDX functions, through

which critical business metrics can be derived.

Part III, “MDX Applications,” uses concepts and functions explored in Parts I and II to

implement three basic applications of the MDX language.

Chapter 10, “Enhancing the Cube,” explores the enhancement of the MDX script through

which calculated members and named sets can be incorporated into the deﬁ nition of a cube.

Chapter 11, “Implementing Dynamic Security,” presents a few approaches to implementing

identity-driven, dynamic dimension data and cell-level security in your cube.

Chapter 12, “Building Reports,” guides you through the process of developing MDX-driven

reports in Reporting Services, Microsoft’s enterprise reporting solution.

Introduction xvii

Conventions and Features in This Book

This book uses conventions designed to make information easily accessible. Before you start,

read the following list, which explains conventions and helpful features within the book.

Conventions

Each chapter contains multiple exercises demonstrating concepts and functionality.

Each is presented as a series of numbered steps (1, 2, and so on) which you should

follow in sequence to complete the exercise.

Notes labeled “Note” provide additional information or alternative methods for

completing a step successfully.

Notes labeled “Important” alert you to information you need to be aware of before

continuing.

Most exercises demonstrate concepts of the MDX language through the use of an MDX

SELECT statement. As steps progress, the SELECT statement introduced in previous

steps may be altered. These changes appear in bold.

Other Features

Sidebars are used throughout the book to provide important information related to

an exercise or a topic. Sidebars might contain background information, supplemental

content, or design tips or alternatives. Sidebars are also used to introduce topics

supporting exercises.

Each chapter ends with a Quick Reference section. The Quick Reference section

contains quick reminders of how to perform the tasks you learned in the chapter.

System Requirements

You’ll need a computer with the following hardware and software to complete the exercises

in this book:

Microsoft Windows Vista Home Premium edition, Windows Vista Business edition,

Windows Vista Enterprise edition, or Windows Vista Ultimate edition

Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Developer edition or Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Evaluation

edition with Analysis Services, Database Engine Services (including Full-Text Search),

Business Intelligence Development Studio, Client Tools Connectivity, and Management

Tools installed

CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive to read the companion CD

150 MB free space for sample databases and companion content

xviii Introduction

In addition to these requirements, you should be able to log on directly to this computer

with administrative rights. In addition to operation-level administrative rights, you should

have full administrative rights in the SQL Server Database Engine and Analysis Services

instances. Without these rights, you will not be able to install the sample databases or

complete exercises in some chapters.

Samples

This book’s companion CD contains database samples against which you will perform

the chapters’ exercises. MDX, SQL, and project code samples are also provided for you to

verify your work. Instructions provided in the following sections will guide you through the

installation of the companion CD’s content to a local drive on your computer. This content is

placed under the following path:

<Drive>:\Microsoft Press\MDX SBS

The MDX, SQL, and project code samples are provided under the Samples subfolder whereas

database samples are provided under the Setup subfolder. Additional instructions are

provided to make the sample databases operational.

Before attempting to complete the provided instructions, please verify your computer meets

the hardware and software requirements and you have the required access described in the

preceding section, “System Requirements.”

Digital Content for Digital Book Readers: If you bought a digital-only edition of this book, you can

enjoy select content from the print edition’s companion CD.

Visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=139491 to get your downloadable content. This content

is always up-to-date and available to all readers.

Installing the Samples

Install the companion CD content

1. Insert the book’s companion CD in your computer’s CD-ROM drive. A menu screen will

appear. If AutoPlay is not enabled, run StartCD.exe at the root of the CD to display a

start menu.

2. From the start menu, click Install Samples.

3. Follow the instructions that appear, selecting the drive to which the samples will be

installed. These are installed to the following location on that drive:

<Drive>:\Microsoft Press\MDX SBS

nstall the com

anion CD conten

xx Introduction

4. In the Server Type ﬁ eld, verify Database Engine is selected.

5. In the Server Name ﬁ eld, type the name of your SQL Server instance. If you are connecting

to a local default instance, you can simply enter LOCALHOST for the instance name.

6. Click Connect to establish a connection to SQL Server.

7. Once connected, use the File menu to select Open and then File, launching the Open

File dialog box.

8. Using the Open File dialog box, navigate to the following folder installed in previous

steps:

<Drive>:\Microsoft Press\MDX SBS\Setup\SQL Server

9. Select the attach_db.sql ﬁ le and click OK to open it.

10. If needed, modify the drive letter assigned to the sample database’s .mdf ﬁ le in the

script. By default, the script assumes this ﬁ le is on the C: drive in the following location:

C:\Microsoft Press\MDX SBS\Setup\SQL Server\MdxStepByStep.mdf

11. With the drive letter modiﬁ ed as needed, select Execute from the Query menu to

execute the script.

12. Review the messages provided to conﬁ rm the database was successfully attached to

SQL Server.

13. From the File menu, select Close to close Management Studio. Select either Yes or No

if prompted to save changes to the attach_db.sql ﬁ le.

Restore the Analysis Services database

1. Launch SQL Server Management Studio as you did in the previous steps.

2. In the Connect To Server dialog box, select Analysis Services for the Server Type ﬁ eld

and enter the name of your Analysis Services instance in the Server Name ﬁ eld. If you

are connecting to a local default instance, you can simply enter LOCALHOST for the

instance name.

3. Click Connect to establish a connection to Analysis Services.

4. Once connected, use the File menu to select Open and then File, launching the Open

File dialog box.

5. Using the Open File dialog box, navigate to the following folder installed in previous steps:

<Drive>:\Microsoft Press\MDX SBS\Setup\Analysis Services

6. Select the restore_db.xmla ﬁ le and click OK to open it.

7. If needed, modify the drive letter assigned to the sample database’s .abf ﬁ le in the

script. By default, the script assumes this ﬁ le is on the C: drive in the following location:

C:\Microsoft Press\MDX SBS\Setup\Analysis Services\MdxStepByStep.abf

estore the Anal

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