ACPI 5.0 规范：电源与配置接口详解

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"ACPI 5.0 规范由HP、Intel、Microsoft、Phoenix Technologies和Toshiba联合发布，旨在定义高级配置和电源接口（ACPI）的标准，以实现计算机系统的电源管理和配置。该规范的第5.0版发布于2011年11月23日，是一个草案版本。尽管提供了此规格，但不提供任何明示或暗示的保修，包括对适销性、特定用途适用性的保修，也不授予任何知识产权许可。" ACPI（Advanced Configuration and Power Interface）是一个开放标准，它允许操作系统更加有效地控制硬件设备的电源管理。这一标准的目的是提高系统的能源效率，延长电池寿命，并确保在不同电源模式下系统的行为一致性。在ACPI 5.0中，涵盖了以下关键知识点： 1. **电源状态管理**：ACPI定义了多个电源状态（如S0到S5），其中S0是完全工作状态，S1到S3是不同的休眠状态，S4是深度休眠（也称为“待机”），S5是关闭状态。这些状态之间的转换有助于节省电力。 2. **设备控制**：ACPI允许操作系统动态地启用和禁用设备，以降低功耗。例如，当设备不使用时，可以将其置于低功耗模式。 3. **热插拔和即插即用支持**：ACPI支持设备的热插拔，允许用户在系统运行时添加或移除硬件，而不会导致系统崩溃。同时，它还实现了即插即用功能，使得新插入的设备能自动被操作系统识别并配置。 4. **性能状态（P-States）和电压频率调整（C-States）**：ACPI规定了处理器的性能状态，通过调整时钟速度和电压来控制能耗。C-States则涉及整个系统，包括CPU和其他组件的低功耗模式。 5. **睡眠和唤醒事件**：ACPI定义了系统如何进入睡眠模式以及由哪些事件唤醒，如键盘输入、网络活动等。 6. **固件事件**：ACPI固件负责处理如电池电量低、系统温度过高这样的事件，并通知操作系统采取相应措施。 7. **设备和系统资源分配**：ACPI帮助操作系统管理硬件资源，如I/O端口、内存区域和中断请求线（IRQs）。 8. **多处理器支持**：对于多核心和多处理器系统，ACPI提供了一种协调电源管理和资源分配的方法。 9. **ACPI表**：规范中包含了各种表（如FADT、SSDT、DSDT等），它们定义了系统的硬件特性，使操作系统能够理解硬件的电源管理功能。 ACPI 5.0规范是现代计算机系统中不可或缺的一部分，它定义了系统和硬件设备如何协同工作以实现高效的电源管理和配置，同时考虑到兼容性和灵活性。由于其广泛采用，理解和实施ACPI标准对于系统设计者和开发者至关重要。

xii Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba

10 

Power Source and Power Meter Devices ................................................. 487

10.1 Smart Battery Subsystems ......................................................................................... 487

10.1.1 ACPI Smart Battery Status Change Notification Requirements...................... 490

10.1.2 Smart Battery Objects ..................................................................................... 491

10.1.3 _SBS (Smart Battery Subsystem) .................................................................. 492

10.2 Control Method Batteries ............................................................................................ 494

10.2.1 Battery Events................................................................................................. 495

10.2.2 Battery Control Methods ................................................................................. 495

10.3 AC Adapters and Power Source Objects.................................................................... 508

10.3.1 _PSR (Power Source)..................................................................................... 508

10.3.2 _PCL (Power Consumer List) ......................................................................... 509

10.3.3 _PIF (Power Source Information).................................................................... 509

10.3.4 _PRL (Power Source Redundancy List) ......................................................... 510

10.4 Power Meters.............................................................................................................. 510

10.4.1 _PMC (Power Meter Capabilities)................................................................... 511

10.4.2 _PTP (Power Trip Points) ............................................................................... 512

10.4.3 _PMM (Power Meter Measurement) ............................................................... 513

10.4.4 _PAI (Power Averaging Interval)..................................................................... 513

10.4.5 _GAI (Get Averaging Interval)......................................................................... 514

10.4.8 _PMD (Power Metered Devices)..................................................................... 515

10.5 Example: Power Source and Power Meter Namespace............................................ 515

11 

Thermal Management................................................................................. 517

11.1 Thermal Control .......................................................................................................... 517

11.1.1 Active, Passive, and Critical Policies .............................................................. 518

11.1.2 Dynamically Changing Cooling Temperature Trip Points ............................... 519

11.1.3 Detecting Temperature Changes .................................................................... 520

11.1.4 Active Cooling ................................................................................................ 522

11.1.5 Passive Cooling .............................................................................................. 523

11.1.6 Critical Shutdown ............................................................................................ 524

11.2 Cooling Preferences .................................................................................................. 525

11.2.1 Evaluating Thermal Device Lists..................................................................... 526

11.2.2 Evaluating Device Thermal Relationship Information ..................................... 527

11.3 Fan Device.................................................................................................................. 527

11.3.1 Fan Objects..................................................................................................... 528

11.4 Thermal Objects.......................................................................................................... 531

11.4.1 _ACx (Active Cooling) ..................................................................................... 532

11.4.2 _ALx (Active List) ............................................................................................ 532

11.4.3 _ART (Active Cooling Relationship Table)...................................................... 533

11.4.4 _CRT (Critical Temperature)........................................................................... 536

11.4.5 _DTI (Device Temperature Indication) ............................................................ 536

11.4.6 _HOT (Hot Temperature) ................................................................................ 536

11.4.7 _NTT (Notification Temperature Threshold) ................................................... 537

11.4.8 _PSL (Passive List)......................................................................................... 537

11.4.9 _PSV (Passive) ............................................................................................... 537

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification

Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba xiii

11.4.10 _RTV (Relative Temperature Values) ........................................................... 538

11.4.11 _SCP (Set Cooling Policy) ............................................................................ 538

11.4.12 _TC1 (Thermal Constant 1) .......................................................................... 541

11.4.13 _TC2 (Thermal Constant 2) .......................................................................... 541

11.4.14 _TMP (Temperature)..................................................................................... 542

11.4.15 _TPT (Trip Point Temperature) ..................................................................... 542

11.4.16 _TRT (Thermal Relationship Table).............................................................. 542

11.4.17 _TSP (Thermal Sampling Period) ................................................................. 543

11.4.18 _TST (Temperature Sensor Threshold) ........................................................ 543

11.4.19 _TZD (Thermal Zone Devices)...................................................................... 544

11.4.20 _TZM (Thermal Zone Member)..................................................................... 544

11.4.21 _TZP (Thermal Zone Polling)........................................................................ 544

11.5 Native OS Device Driver Thermal Interfaces .............................................................. 545

11.6 Thermal Zone Interface Requirements ....................................................................... 546

11.7 Thermal Zone Examples............................................................................................. 546

11.7.1 Example: The Basic Thermal Zone................................................................. 546

11.7.2 Example: Multiple-Speed Fans ....................................................................... 548

11.7.3 Example: Thermal Zone with Multiple Devices ............................................... 550

12 

ACPI Embedded Controller Interface Specification ................................ 557

12.1 Embedded Controller Interface Description ................................................................ 557

12.2 Embedded Controller Register Descriptions............................................................... 561

12.2.1 Embedded Controller Status, EC_SC (R) ....................................................... 561

12.2.2 Embedded Controller Command, EC_SC (W)................................................ 562

12.2.3 Embedded Controller Data, EC_DATA (R/W)................................................. 562

12.3 Embedded Controller Command Set .......................................................................... 562

12.3.1 Read Embedded Controller, RD_EC (0x80) ................................................... 563

12.3.2 Write Embedded Controller, WR_EC (0x81).................................................. 563

12.3.3 Burst Enable Embedded Controller, BE_EC (0x82)........................................ 563

12.3.4 Burst Disable Embedded Controller, BD_EC (0x83)....................................... 564

12.3.5 Query Embedded Controller, QR_EC (0x84).................................................. 564

12.4 SMBus Host Controller Notification Header (Optional), OS_SMB_EVT ..................... 564

12.5 Embedded Controller Firmware .................................................................................. 564

12.6 Interrupt Model............................................................................................................565

12.6.1 Event Interrupt Model...................................................................................... 565

12.6.2 Command Interrupt Model .............................................................................. 566

12.7 Embedded Controller Interfacing Algorithms .............................................................. 566

12.8 Embedded Controller Description Information ............................................................ 567

12.9 SMBus Host Controller Interface via Embedded Controller....................................... 567

12.9.1 Register Description........................................................................................ 568

12.9.2 Protocol Description ........................................................................................ 572

12.10 SMBus Devices......................................................................................................... 577

12.10.1 SMBus Device Access Restrictions .............................................................. 578

12.10.2 SMBus Device Command Access Restriction .............................................. 578

12.11 Defining an Embedded Controller Device in ACPI Namespace ............................... 578

12.11.1 Example: EC Definition ASL Code ............................................................... 579

xiv Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba

12.12 Defining an EC SMBus Host Controller in ACPI Namespace................................... 580

12.12.1 Example: EC SMBus Host Controller ASL-Code .......................................... 580

13 

ACPI System Management Bus Interface Specification ......................... 583

13.1 SMBus Overview ........................................................................................................ 583

13.1.1 SMBus Slave Addresses................................................................................. 583

13.1.2 SMBus Protocols............................................................................................. 584

13.1.3 SMBus Status Codes ...................................................................................... 585

13.1.4 SMBus Command Values ............................................................................... 585

13.2 Accessing the SMBus from ASL Code ....................................................................... 585

13.2.1 Declaring SMBus Host Controller Objects ...................................................... 585

13.2.2 Declaring SMBus Devices............................................................................... 586

13.2.3 Declaring SMBus Operation Regions ............................................................. 586

13.2.4 Declaring SMBus Fields.................................................................................. 588

13.2.5 Declaring and Using an SMBus Data Buffer ................................................... 590

13.3 Using the SMBus Protocols ........................................................................................ 591

13.3.1 Read/Write Quick (SMBQuick)........................................................................ 591

13.3.2 Send/Receive Byte (SMBSendReceive) ......................................................... 592

13.3.3 Read/Write Byte (SMBByte)............................................................................ 593

13.3.4 Read/Write Word (SMBWord)......................................................................... 594

13.3.5 Read/Write Block (SMBBlock) ........................................................................ 594

13.3.6 Word Process Call (SMBProcessCall) ............................................................ 595

13.3.7 Block Process Call (SMBBlockProcessCall) ................................................... 596

14 

Platform Communications Channel (PCC)............................................... 597

14.1 Platform Communications Channel Table .................................................................. 597

14.1.1 Platform Communications Channel Global Flags ........................................... 598

14.1.2 Platform Communications Channel Subspace Structures .............................. 598

14.1.3 Generic Communications Subspace Structure (type 0) .................................. 598

14.2 Generic Communications Channel Shared Memory Region ...................................... 599

14.2.1 Generic Communications Channel Command Field ....................................... 599

14.2.2 Generic Communications Channel Status Field ............................................. 600

14.3 Doorbell Protocol ........................................................................................................ 600

14.4 Platform Notification.................................................................................................... 601

14.5 Referencing the PCC address space.......................................................................... 601

15 

System Address Map Interfaces ............................................................... 603

15.1 INT 15H, E820H - Query System Address Map ......................................................... 604

15.2 E820 Assumptions and Limitations............................................................................. 606

15.3 UEFI GetMemoryMap() Boot Services Function........................................................ 606

15.4 UEFI Assumptions and Limitations ............................................................................ 607

15.5 Example Address Map................................................................................................ 608

15.6 Example: Operating System Usage............................................................................ 609

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification

Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba xv

16 

Waking and Sleeping ................................................................................. 611

16.1 Sleeping States........................................................................................................... 613

16.1.1 S1 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 615

16.1.2 S2 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 616

16.1.3 S3 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 616

16.1.4 S4 Sleeping State ........................................................................................... 617

16.1.5 S5 Soft Off State ............................................................................................. 618

16.1.6 Transitioning from the Working to the Sleeping State..................................... 619

16.1.7 Transitioning from the Working to the Soft Off State....................................... 620

16.2 Flushing Caches ......................................................................................................... 620

16.3 Initialization ................................................................................................................. 620

16.3.1 Placing the System in ACPI Mode .................................................................. 623

16.3.2 BIOS Initialization of Memory.......................................................................... 623

16.3.3 OS Loading ..................................................................................................... 625

16.3.4 Exiting ACPI Mode .......................................................................................... 627

17 

Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) Architecture Platforms ............. 629

17.1 NUMA Node................................................................................................................ 629

17.2 System Locality........................................................................................................... 629

17.2.1 System Resource Affinity Table Definition ...................................................... 630

17.3 System Locality Distance Information ......................................................................... 630

17.3.1 Online Hot Plug ............................................................................................... 630

17.3.2 Impact to Existing Localities............................................................................ 631

18 

ACPI Platform Error Interfaces (APEI)...................................................... 633

18.2 Relationship between OSPM and System Firmware .................................................. 634

18.3 Error Source Discovery............................................................................................... 634

18.3.1 Boot Error Source ........................................................................................... 634

18.3.2 ACPI Error Source .......................................................................................... 636

18.4 Firmware First Error Handling..................................................................................... 648

18.4.1 Example: Firmware First Handling Using NMI Notification ............................. 649

18.5 Error Serialization ....................................................................................................... 649

18.5.1 Serialization Action Table................................................................................ 650

18.5.2 Operations....................................................................................................... 656

18.6 Error Injection.............................................................................................................. 660

18.6.1 Error Injection Table (EINJ)............................................................................. 660

18.6.2 Injection Instruction Entries ............................................................................. 663

18.6.3 Injection Instructions ....................................................................................... 664

18.6.4 Trigger Action Table........................................................................................ 666

19 

ACPI Source Language (ASL)Reference.................................................. 669

19.1 ASL Language Grammar ............................................................................................ 669

19.1.1 ASL Grammar Notation................................................................................... 670

19.1.2 ASL Name and Pathname Terms ................................................................... 671

xvi Hewlett-Packard/Intel/Microsoft/Phoenix/Toshiba

19.1.3 ASL Root and Secondary Terms .................................................................... 671

19.1.4 ASL Data and Constant Terms ....................................................................... 673

19.1.5 ASL Opcode Terms......................................................................................... 675

19.1.6 ASL Primary (Terminal) Terms ....................................................................... 676

19.1.7 ASL Parameter Keyword Terms ..................................................................... 687

19.1.8 ASL Resource Template Terms...................................................................... 689

19.2 ASL Concepts ............................................................................................................. 697

19.2.1 ASL Names ..................................................................................................... 697

19.2.2 ASL Literal Constants ..................................................................................... 697

19.2.3 ASL Resource Templates ............................................................................... 699

19.2.4 ASL Macros..................................................................................................... 701

19.2.5 ASL Data Types .............................................................................................. 701

19.3 ASL Operator Summary ............................................................................................. 713

19.4 ASL Operator Summary By Type .............................................................................. 717

19.5 ASL Operator Reference ........................................................................................... 721

19.5.1 AccessAs (Change Field Unit Access)............................................................ 721

19.5.2 Acquire (Acquire a Mutex)............................................................................... 722

19.5.3 Add (Integer Add)............................................................................................ 722

19.5.4 Alias (Declare Name Alias) ............................................................................. 723

19.5.5 And (Integer Bitwise And) ............................................................................... 723

19.5.6 Argx (Method Argument Data Objects) ........................................................... 723

19.5.7 BankField (Declare Bank/Data Field).............................................................. 724

19.5.8 Break (Break from While)................................................................................ 725

19.5.9 BreakPoint (Execution Break Point)................................................................ 725

19.5.10 Buffer (Declare Buffer Object)....................................................................... 725

19.5.11 Case (Expression for Conditional Execution)................................................ 726

19.5.12 Concatenate (Concatenate Data) ................................................................. 726

19.5.13 ConcatenateResTemplate (Concatenate Resource Templates) .................. 727

19.5.14 CondRefOf (Create Object Reference Conditionally) ................................... 727

19.5.15 Connection (Declare Field Connection Attributes) ........................................ 727

19.5.16 Continue (Continue Innermost Enclosing While) .......................................... 728

19.5.17 CopyObject (Copy and Store Object)............................................................ 728

19.5.18 CreateBitField (Create 1-Bit Buffer Field) .................................................... 729

19.5.19 CreateByteField (Create 8-Bit Buffer Field) .................................................. 729

19.5.20 CreateDWordField (Create 32-Bit Buffer Field) ............................................ 729

19.5.21 CreateField (Create Arbitrary Length Buffer Field) ....................................... 730

19.5.22 CreateQWordField (Create 64-Bit Buffer Field) ............................................ 730

19.5.23 CreateWordField (Create 16-Bit Buffer Field) .............................................. 730

19.5.24 DataTableRegion (Create Data Table Operation Region) ............................ 730

19.5.25 Debug (Debugger Output)............................................................................. 731

19.5.26 Decrement (Integer Decrement) ................................................................... 731

19.5.27 Default (Default Execution Path in Switch) .................................................. 732

19.5.28 DefinitionBlock (Declare Definition Block)..................................................... 732

19.5.29 DerefOf (Dereference an Object Reference) ................................................ 733

19.5.30 Device (Declare Bus/Device Package) ......................................................... 733

19.5.31 Divide (Integer Divide)................................................................................... 734

19.5.32 DMA (DMA Resource Descriptor Macro) ...................................................... 735

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