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首页石墨烯氧化物纸片:实现Er/Tm掺杂光纤激光器的双波长脉冲生成
本文主要探讨了在Er-和Tm掺杂光纤激光器中利用石墨烯氧化物(Graphene Oxide, GO)纸作为饱和吸收器实现脉冲生成的技术。作者Jakub Bogusławski等人来自克拉科夫工业大学和华沙电子材料研究所,他们针对1.5和2微米光谱范围内的脉冲输出进行了深入研究。 首先,文章详细描述了GO纸的制备方法,这包括对GO的化学处理、溶解和涂布在纤维上,形成具有优异光学性能的饱和吸收层。GO的特性,如高非线性系数和独特的二维结构,使其在激光调制中展现出优越的性能。通过精细调控,GO纸能够有效地吸收并饱和高强度的激光脉冲,从而实现模式锁定(mode-locking)操作。 在Er掺杂光纤激光器中,GO纸饱和吸收器使得激光输出达到稳定的613飞秒(fs)脉冲,中心波长位于1565.9纳米,展现了极高的时间分辨率。而在Tm掺杂光纤激光器中,GO纸支持生成1.36皮秒(ps)的脉冲,中心波长为1961.6纳米,证明了其在不同工作波长下的适用性。 此外,研究还关注了谱线宽度的扩展与控制,这是优化激光性能的关键参数。通过调整GO纸的厚度或激光泵浦功率,作者能够探索不同参数对脉宽和光谱特性的影响,这对于实际应用中的激光系统优化至关重要。 这项工作不仅展示了GO纸作为一种新型光纤激光器饱和吸收器的潜力,还提供了关于如何通过材料特性来调整光纤激光器性能的重要信息。这对于开发更高效、灵活的短脉冲光纤激光器系统具有重要意义,可能在光通信、生物医学成像和光开关等领域有着广阔的应用前景。
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Graphene oxide paper as a saturable absorber
for Er- and Tm-doped fiber lasers
Jakub Boguslawski,
1,
* Jaroslaw Sotor,
1
Grzegorz Sobon,
1
Rafal Kozinski,
2
Krzysztof Librant,
2
Magdalena Aksienionek,
2
Ludwika Lipinska,
2
and Krzysztof M. Abramski
1
1
Laser & Fiber Electronics Group, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27,
50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
2
Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
*Corresponding author: jakub.boguslawski@pwr.edu.pl
Received January 6, 2015; revised April 9, 2015; accepted April 9, 2015;
posted April 15, 2015 (Doc. ID 231568); published May 18, 2015
In this work pulse generation in both the 1.5 and 2 μm spectral ranges using a graphene oxide (GO)-paper-based
saturable absorber in Er- and Tm-doped fiber lasers is presented. The article describes the fabrication method of GO
paper and its characterization. The performance of both lasers is discussed in detail. Stable, mode-locked operation
provides 613 fs and 1.36 ps soliton pulses centered at 1565.9 and 1961.6 nm in Er- and Tm-doped fiber lasers, re-
spectively. Furthermore, scaling of spectral width, and hence the pulse duration, by increasing the number of GO
paper layers in the Er-doped laser is described. The versatility and simplicity of GO paper fabrication combined with
the possibility of scaling the optical spectrum full width at half-maximum are essential features that make it a good
candidate for ultrafast low-power mode-locked lasers operating in different spectral regions. © 2015 Chinese Laser
Press
OCIS codes: (140.4050) Mode-locked lasers; (140.3510) Lasers, fiber; (060.3510) Lasers, fiber; (160.4236)
Nanomaterials; (160.4330) Nonlinear optical materials.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/PRJ.3.000119
1. INTRODUCTION
Ultrafast fiber lasers are currently one of the most intensively
developed branches of laser science and technology. Since
they are compact, robust, and offer excellent beam quality,
fiber-based devices are considered an interesting alternative
for solid-state lasers. Among many techniques for inducing
mode-locking operation, the most popular is the use of semi-
conductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) [
1,2]. This
solution, though a well-established technology, suffers from
a complicated and expensive fabrication process. A narrow
operation bandwidth is yet another limitation. Another way
to achieve mode-locking operation is to use nonlinear polari-
zation evolution (NPE), which enables generation of the
shortest pulses [
3]; however, it is environmentally unstable
and usually does not provide self-starting operation. For these
reasons, new, more versatile materials for ultrashort pulse
generation are constantly sought.
The application of carbon nanotubes in the role of saturable
absorber (SA) has led to a new class of carbon-based SA ma-
terials [
4]. Graphene, the main representative of this category,
is very suitable for this kind of application thanks to its unique
optical properties [
5–7]. The saturable absorption effect [5]
combined with a fast recovery time and wavelength-
independent absorption [
6,7] facilitate its usage as an efficient
SA in Yb-doped [
8,9], Er-doped [10–14], and Tm-doped fiber
lasers [
15–17]. The usage of graphene SAs allows also for ul-
trashort pulse generation in different spectral ranges simulta-
neously [
18–20]. Carbon-based SAs were found to be efficient
and versatile competitors for conventional SESAMs.
Graphene oxide (GO) is a material composed of carbon,
oxygen, and hydrogen [
21]. It has attracted a lot of attention
due to its cost-effective fabrication method and prospects for
mass production [
22]. Similarly to graphene, it possesses satu-
rable absorption in broad spectral range [
23,24]. Various
setups incorporating GO as a SA in fiber lasers have been
presented [
25–32]. Passive mode-locking operation was pre-
sented at 1 μm[
25], 1.5 μm[26–29], and 2 μm spectral ranges
[
30], as well as Q-switching operation [31,32]. In our previous
work we showed that GO is an efficient SA and there is no
reason to perform complicated reduction of GO in order to
obtain reduced graphene oxide (rGO) [
28]. A chemically pro-
duced solution of GO can be deposited either on a fiber con-
nector [
25], a mirror [26,27], a fused silica flat-parallel plate
[
28], or a side-polished fiber [30]. In comparison to other
carbon-based and to other emerging SA materials (like topo-
logical insulators and few-layer MoS
2
[33,34]), GO is charac-
terized by high solubility, which translates into an effective
and straightforward fabrication process that is suitable for
mass production. Additionally, a material in a form of paper
or foil simplifies the manufacturing process and creates the
possibility to control the parameters of a SA.
Recently, a novel type of GO-based material was presented,
namely, GO paper. A free-standing, black-brown paper-like
material was prepared by flow-directed assembly of individual
GO sheets [
35]. GO paper is nonconductive and has excep-
tional mechanical properties at the same time [
36]. Neverthe-
less, the optical properties of GO paper were somewhat
neglected and have not been investigated very thoroughly.
The first report on ultrashort pulse generation using GO paper
as a SA has already been presented. Ismail et al. showed a 680 fs
Er-doped fiber laser based on commercially available GO
Boguslawski et al. Vol. 3, No. 4 / August 2015 / Photon. Res. 119
2327-9125/15/040119-06 © 2015 Chinese Laser Press
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