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IEEE 802.15.4-2015标准:低速率无线网络规范
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"802.15.4-2015.pdf 是一份关于 IEEE 低速率无线网络标准的文档,特别关注了2015年版本,该版本包括了超宽带(UWB)定位技术的相关内容。此文档是由 IEEE 本地与城域网标准委员会(LAN/MAN Standards Committee)赞助的,适用于 IEEE 计算机学会。2015年12月5日由 IEEE-SA Standards Board 批准发布。这份标准主要针对低速率无线网络的通信协议和物理层规范,旨在提供一个高效、低功耗的通信解决方案,广泛应用于物联网(IoT)、传感器网络和Zigbee等无线个人局域网(WPAN)系统。"
IEEE Std 802.15.4-2015 是一个重要的无线通信标准,主要用于构建低数据速率、低功耗的网络,如家庭自动化、医疗保健、工业自动化和环境监测等领域。该标准定义了物理层(PHY)和媒体访问控制层(MAC)的规格,支持多种通信模式,包括星形、网状和簇树型网络拓扑。
1. **物理层(PHY)**:802.15.4 标准提供了两种不同的 PHY 层,一种是窄带( Narrowband)PHY,工作在2.4 GHz ISM频段,提供250 kbps的数据速率;另一种是超宽带(Ultra-Wideband, UWB)PHY,用于更精确的定位服务,数据速率较低但能提供厘米级的定位精度。
2. **媒体访问控制层(MAC)**:MAC 层负责网络中的数据传输管理,包括信道接入、帧结构、安全性和网络管理。它采用CSMA/CA(载波监听多路访问/冲突避免)机制来防止数据包碰撞,并提供确认机制以确保数据正确传输。
3. **网络层**:虽然802.15.4标准本身不包含完整的网络层,但它可以与IP网络层协议(如IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4)结合,以支持更高级别的网络功能和互联网连接。
4. **安全性**:标准定义了基本的安全机制,如对称加密算法AES-128,以及密钥管理,以保护网络免受未授权访问和数据篡改。
5. **UWB定位**:802.15.4z 标签表明文档中可能包含了UWB定位技术的详细内容。UWB 技术利用短脉冲信号进行通信,除了传输数据外,还可以通过测量信号到达时间差(Time-of-Arrival, TOA)或到达角度差(Angle-of-Arrival, AOA)等方法实现精确的室内定位。
6. **应用**:802.15.4标准是Zigbee联盟的基础,Zigbee是一种广泛应用的无线通信协议,用于智能家居、智能建筑和工业自动化等领域。此外,该标准还被Z-Wave、Thread等其他无线网络协议所采用。
802.15.4-2015标准是构建低功耗、低速率无线网络的关键技术,尤其在集成UWB定位后,它在物联网和智能设备领域有着广泛的应用和潜力。通过理解并应用这个标准,开发者能够创建高效、可靠的无线通信系统,满足各种场景的需求。
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Copyright © 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.
5.7.4.1 Frame acknowledgment............................................................................... 53
5.7.4.2 Frak .............................................................................................................. 54
5.7.4.3 Data verification .......................................................................................... 54
5.7.5 Power consumption considerations ............................................................................... 54
5.7.5.1 Low-energy mechanisms ............................................................................. 54
5.7.6 Security .......................................................................................................................... 55
5.8 Concept of primitives................................................................................................................... 56
5.9 Deprecation of features................................................................................................................ 56
6. MAC functional description .................................................................................................................. 57
6.1 Device types and conventions...................................................................................................... 57
6.2 Channel access............................................................................................................................. 57
6.2.1 Superframe structure......................................................................................................57
6.2.1.1 Contention access period (CAP).................................................................. 59
6.2.1.2 Contention-free period (CFP) ...................................................................... 59
6.2.1.3 BOP.............................................................................................................. 59
6.2.2 Incoming and outgoing superframe timing.................................................................... 59
6.2.3 Enhanced Beacon frame timing for MPM procedure .................................................... 60
6.2.4 IFS.................................................................................................................................. 61
6.2.5 Random access methods ................................................................................................ 61
6.2.5.1 CSMA-CA algorithm................................................................................... 61
6.2.5.2 TSCH CCA algorithm ................................................................................. 64
6.2.5.3 TSCH CSMA-CA retransmission algorithm ............................................... 64
6.2.5.4 CSMA-CA with PCA .................................................................................. 66
6.2.5.5 LECIM ALOHA PCA ................................................................................. 69
6.2.6 TSCH slotframe structure .............................................................................................. 69
6.2.6.1 General......................................................................................................... 69
6.2.6.2 Absolute slot number (ASN) ....................................................................... 70
6.2.6.3 Links ............................................................................................................ 70
6.2.6.4 Multiple slotframes...................................................................................... 70
6.2.7 LE functional description............................................................................................... 71
6.2.7.1 LE contention access period (LE CAP)....................................................... 71
6.2.7.2 LE superframe structure............................................................................... 71
6.2.7.3 LE-incoming and outgoing superframe timing............................................ 71
6.2.7.4 LE scan ........................................................................................................ 71
6.2.8 Superframe use for TMCTP operation .......................................................................... 72
6.2.9 Rail communications and control network (RCCN) superframe structure.................... 72
6.2.10 Channel hopping ............................................................................................................ 73
6.3 Starting and maintaining PANs ...............................
.................................................................... 75
6.3.1 Scanning through channels ............................................................................................ 75
6.3.1.1 ED channel scan........................................................................................... 75
6.3.1.2 Active and passive channel scan.................................................................. 75
6.3.1.3 Orphan channel scan.................................................................................... 78
6.3.1.4 RIT passive channel scan............................................................................. 80
6.3.2 PAN ID conflict resolution ............................................................................................ 81
6.3.2.1 Detection...................................................................................................... 81
6.3.2.2 Resolution .................................................................................................... 82
6.3.3 Starting and realigning a PAN ....................................................................................... 82
6.3.3.1 Starting a PAN............................................................................................. 82
6.3.3.2 Realigning a PAN ........................................................................................ 82
6.3.3.3 Realignment in a PAN ................................................................................. 84
6.3.3.4 Updating superframe configuration and channel PIB attributes.................. 84
6.3.4 Beacon generation.......................................................................................................... 84
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Copyright © 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.
6.3.5 Device discovery............................................................................................................ 86
6.3.6 TSCH PAN formation ................................................................................................... 86
6.4 Association and disassociation .................................................................................................... 87
6.4.1 Association..................................................................................................................... 87
6.4.2 Disassociation ................................................................................................................ 90
6.4.3 Fast association .............................................................................................................. 92
6.5 Synchronization ........................................................................................................................... 93
6.5.1 General........................................................................................................................... 93
6.5.2 Synchronization with beacons ....................................................................................... 93
6.5.3 Synchronization without beacons .................................................................................. 95
6.5.4 Synchronization in TSCH PAN..................................................................................... 95
6.5.4.1 Timeslot communication ............................................................................. 96
6.5.4.2 Node synchronization .................................................................................. 97
6.5.5 Orphaned device realignment ........................................................................................ 98
6.6 Transaction handling.................................................................................................................... 98
6.7 Transmission, reception, and acknowledgment........................................................................... 99
6.7.1 Transmission.................................................................................................................. 99
6.7.2 Reception and rejection ............................................................................................... 101
6.7.3 Extracting pending data from a coordinator ................................................................ 102
6.7.4 Use of acknowledgments and retransmissions ............................................................ 104
6.7.4.1 No acknowledgment .................................................................................. 104
6.7.4.2 Acknowledgment ....................................................................................... 105
6.7.4.3 Retransmissions ......................................................................................... 106
6.7.5 Transmission timing restrictions.................................................................................. 106
6.7.6 Guard time ................................................................................................................... 107
6.7.7 Promiscuous mode....................................................................................................... 109
6.7.8 Transmission scenarios ................................................................................................ 109
6.7.9 Device announcement.................................................................................................. 110
6.8 GTS allocation and management...............................................................................................111
6.8.1 GTS general requirements ........................................................................................... 111
6.8.2 CAP maintenance ........................................................................................................ 112
6.8.3 GTS allocation ............................................................................................................. 112
6.8.4 GTS usage.................................................................................................................... 113
6.8.5 GTS deallocation ......................................................................................................... 114
6.8.6 GTS reallocation ..........................................................................................................115
6.8.7 GTS expiration............................................................................................................. 117
6.9 Ranging.....................................................
................................................................................. 117
6.9.1 Ranging requirements .................................................................................................. 117
6.9.2 Set-up activities before a ranging exchange ................................................................ 117
6.9.3 Finish-up activities after a ranging exchange .............................................................. 117
6.9.4 Managing DPS............................................................................................................. 118
6.9.5 The ranging exchange.................................................................................................. 119
6.10 PHY parameter change notification procedure.......................................................................... 120
6.10.1 Signaling using Beacon frames.................................................................................... 120
6.10.2 Signaling using multipurpose frames .......................................................................... 120
6.11 Deterministic and synchronous multi-channel extension (DSME) ........................................... 121
6.11.1 DSME command requirements.................................................................................... 121
6.11.2 DSME multi-superframe structure............................................................................... 121
6.11.3 Channel diversity ......................................................................................................... 123
6.11.3.1 Channel adaptation .................................................................................... 123
6.11.3.2 Channel hopping ........................................................................................ 124
6.11.4 CAP reduction.............................................................................................................. 126
6.11.5 DSME GTS allocation and management..................................................................... 126
6.11.5.1 DSME GTS allocation ............................................................................... 127
Authorized licensed use limited to: Silicon Laboratories. Downloaded on January 03,2017 at 16:08:21 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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Copyright © 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.
6.11.5.2 DSME GTS deallocation ........................................................................... 130
6.11.5.3 DSME GTS expiration............................................................................... 131
6.11.5.4 DSME GTS retrieve................................................................................... 131
6.11.5.5 DSME GTS change ................................................................................... 132
6.11.6 Beacon scheduling ....................................................................................................... 132
6.11.7 Time synchronization .................................................................................................. 133
6.11.8 Deferred beacon........................................................................................................... 134
6.11.9 Passive channel scan.................................................................................................... 134
6.12 LE transmission, reception and acknowledgment ..................................................................... 134
6.12.1 LE transmission, reception, and acknowledgment with positive handshakes ............. 134
6.12.2 Coordinated sampled listening (CSL).......................................................................... 135
6.12.2.1 CSL idle listening ...................................................................................... 136
6.12.2.2 CSL transmission....................................................................................... 136
6.12.2.3 Unicast transmission.................................................................................. 137
6.12.2.4 Broadcast transmission .............................................................................. 137
6.12.2.5 CSL reception ............................................................................................ 138
6.12.2.6 CSL over multiple channels....................................................................... 138
6.12.2.7 Turning off CSL mode to reduce latency .................................................. 138
6.12.3 RIT ............................................................................................................................... 138
6.12.3.1 General....................................................................................................... 138
6.12.3.2 Periodic RIT data request transmission and reception............................... 139
6.12.3.3 RIT transmission........................................................................................ 141
6.12.4 Implicit RIT (I-RIT).....................................................................................................143
6.13 Starting and maintaining TMCTPs ............................................................................................143
6.14 MPM procedure for inter-PHY coexistence .............................................................................. 146
6.15 TVWS access procedures .......................................................................................................... 149
6.16 Channel timing management (CTM)......................................................................................... 149
7. MAC frame formats............................................................................................................................. 151
7.1 Device extended address............................................................................................................ 151
7.2 General MAC frame format....................................................................................................... 151
7.2.1 Frame Control field...................................................................................................... 151
7.2.1.1 Frame Type field........................................................................................ 152
7.2.1.2 Security Enabled field................................................................................ 152
7.2.1.3 Frame Pending field.....................................
.............................................. 152
7.2.1.4 AR field...................................................................................................... 153
7.2.1.5 PAN ID Compression field........................................................................ 153
7.2.1.6 Sequence Number Suppression ................................................................. 154
7.2.1.7 IE Present field........................................................................................... 154
7.2.1.8 Destination Addressing Mode field ........................................................... 154
7.2.1.9 Frame Version field ................................................................................... 154
7.2.1.10 Source Addressing Mode field .................................................................. 155
7.2.2 Sequence Number field................................................................................................ 155
7.2.3 Destination PAN ID field ............................................................................................ 155
7.2.4 Destination Address field............................................................................................. 155
7.2.5 Source PAN ID field.................................................................................................... 156
7.2.6 Source Address field.................................................................................................... 156
7.2.7 Auxiliary Security Header field................................................................................... 156
7.2.8 IE field ......................................................................................................................... 156
7.2.9 Frame Payload field ..................................................................................................... 156
7.2.10 FCS field ...................................................................................................................... 156
7.3 Format of individual frame types............................................................................................... 158
7.3.1 Beacon frame format ................................................................................................... 158
Authorized licensed use limited to: Silicon Laboratories. Downloaded on January 03,2017 at 16:08:21 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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Copyright © 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.
7.3.1.1 Beacon frame MHR field........................................................................... 159
7.3.1.2 IEs field...................................................................................................... 160
7.3.1.3 Superframe Specification field .................................................................. 160
7.3.1.4 GTS Info field............................................................................................ 161
7.3.1.5 Pending Address field................................................................................ 162
7.3.1.6 Beacon Payload field ................................................................................. 162
7.3.2 Data frame format........................................................................................................ 163
7.3.2.1 Data frame MHR field ............................................................................... 163
7.3.2.2 Data Payload field...................................................................................... 163
7.3.3 Ack frame format......................................................................................................... 163
7.3.4 MAC command frame format...................................................................................... 165
7.3.4.1 MHR field.................................................................................................. 165
7.3.4.2 Command ID field ..................................................................................... 165
7.3.4.3 Payload field .............................................................................................. 165
7.3.5 Multipurpose frame format.......................................................................................... 165
7.3.5.1 Frame Type field........................................................................................ 166
7.3.5.2 Long Frame Control field .......................................................................... 166
7.3.5.3 Destination Addressing Mode field ........................................................... 166
7.3.5.4 Source Addressing Mode field .................................................................. 166
7.3.5.5 PAN ID Present field ................................................................................. 166
7.3.5.6 Security Enabled field................................................................................ 167
7.3.5.7 Sequence Number Suppression field ......................................................... 167
7.3.5.8 Frame Pending field................................................................................... 167
7.3.5.9 Frame Version field ................................................................................... 167
7.3.5.10 Ack Request field....................................................................................... 167
7.3.5.11 IEs Present field ......................................................................................... 167
7.3.5.12 Sequence Number field.............................................................................. 167
7.3.5.13 Destination PAN ID field .......................................................................... 167
7.3.5.14 Destination Address field........................................................................... 167
7.3.5.15 Source Address field.................................................................................. 167
7.3.5.16 Auxiliary Security Header field................................................................. 167
7.3.5.17 IEs field...................................................................................................... 168
7.3.5.18 Payload field .............................................................................................. 168
7.3.6 Extended frame format ................................................................................................ 168
7.4 IEs .............................................................................................................................................. 168
7.4.1 IE list termination ........................................................................................................ 168
7.4.2 Header IEs.................................................................................................................... 169
7.4.2.1 Header IE format ....................................................................................... 169
7.4.2.2 Vendor Specific Header IE ........................................................................ 171
7.4.2.3 CSL IE ....................................................................................................... 171
7.4.2.4 RIT IE ........................................................................................................ 171
7.4.2.5 DSME PAN descriptor IE.......................................................................... 172
7.4.2.6 Rendezvous Time IE.................................................................................. 174
7.4.2.7 Time Correction IE .................................................................................... 174
7.4.2.8 Extended DSME PAN descriptor IE .........................
................................ 175
7.4.2.9 Fragment Sequence Context Description (FSCD) IE ................................ 176
7.4.2.10 Simplified Superframe Specification IE .................................................... 177
7.4.2.11 Simplified GTS Specification IE ............................................................... 178
7.4.2.12 LECIM Capabilities IE .............................................................................. 178
7.4.2.13 RCC Capabilities IE................................................................................... 180
7.4.2.14 RCCN Descriptor IE.................................................................................. 182
7.4.2.15 Global Time IE .......................................................................................... 183
7.4.2.16 DA IE......................................................................................................... 183
7.4.2.17 Header Termination 1 IE ........................................................................... 184
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Copyright © 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.
7.4.2.18 Header Termination 2 IE ........................................................................... 184
7.4.3 Payload IEs .................................................................................................................. 184
7.4.3.1 Encapsulated Service Data Unit (ESDU) IE.............................................. 184
7.4.3.2 MLME IE................................................................................................... 185
7.4.3.3 Payload Termination IE............................................................................. 185
7.4.4 Nested IE...................................................................................................................... 185
7.4.4.1 Format of Nested IE................................................................................... 185
7.4.4.2 TSCH Synchronization IE ......................................................................... 188
7.4.4.3 TSCH Slotframe and Link IE .................................................................... 188
7.4.4.4 TSCH Timeslot IE ..................................................................................... 190
7.4.4.5 Hopping timing IE ..................................................................................... 191
7.4.4.6 Enhanced Beacon Filter IE ........................................................................ 191
7.4.4.7 MAC Metrics IE ........................................................................................ 192
7.4.4.8 All MAC Metrics IE .................................................................................. 192
7.4.4.9 Coexistence Specification IE ..................................................................... 193
7.4.4.10 SUN Device Capabilities IE ...................................................................... 193
7.4.4.11 SUN FSK Generic PHY IE........................................................................ 199
7.4.4.12 Mode Switch Parameter IE ........................................................................ 200
7.4.4.13 PHY Parameter Change IE ........................................................................ 200
7.4.4.14 O-QPSK PHY Mode IE............................................................................. 201
7.4.4.15 PCA Allocation IE ..................................................................................... 201
7.4.4.16 LECIM DSSS Operating Mode IE ............................................................ 202
7.4.4.17 LECIM FSK Operating Mode IE............................................................... 204
7.4.4.18 TVWS PHY Operating Mode Description IE ........................................... 205
7.4.4.19 TVWS Device Capabilities IE................................................................... 208
7.4.4.20 TVWS Device Category IE ....................................................................... 213
7.4.4.21 TVWS Device Identification IE ................................................................ 213
7.4.4.22 TVWS Device Location IE........................................................................ 214
7.4.4.23 TVWS Channel Information Query IE...................................................... 215
7.4.4.24 TVWS Channel Information Source IE..................................................... 217
7.4.4.25 CTM IE ...................................................................................................... 218
7.4.4.26 Timestamp IE............................................................................................. 219
7.4.4.27 Timestamp Difference IE........................................................................... 219
7.4.4.28 TMCTP Specification IE ........................................................................... 219
7.4.4.29 RCC PHY Operating Mode IE .................................................................. 220
7.4.4.30 Vendor Specific Nested IE ........................................................................ 221
7.4.4.31 Channel hopping IE ................................................................................... 221
7.5 MAC commands ........................................................................................................................ 222
7.5.1 Command ID field ....................................................................................................... 222
7.5.2 Association Request command.................................................................................... 223
7.5.3 Association Response command ................................................................................. 224
7.5.4 Disassociation Notification command ......................................................................... 225
7.5.5 Data Request command ............................................................................................... 226
7.5.6 PAN ID Conflict Notification command ..................................................................... 227
7.5.7 Orphan Notification command .................................................................................... 227
7.5.8 Beacon Request command........................................................................................... 228
7.5.9 Enhanced Beacon Request command .......................................................................... 228
7.5.10 Coordinator realignment command ............................................................................. 228
7.5.11 GTS request command................................................................................................. 230
7.5.12 DSME Association Request command........................................................................ 230
7.5.13 DSME Association Response command ..................................................................... 232
7.5.14 DSME GTS Request command ................................................................................... 233
7.5.15 DSME GTS Response command................................................................................. 235
7.5.16 DSME GTS Notify command...................................................................................... 237
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