HTML&CSS精粹：网页设计的核心技术

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“HTML&CSS;精粹是一本由Ben Henick编写的关于Web开发的书籍，专注于HTML和CSS的核心概念，旨在帮助读者提升对这两种语言的理解和应用能力。” 在Web开发领域，HTML（HyperText Markup Language）和CSS（Cascading Style Sheets）是构建网页的基础。这本书《HTML&CSS;精粹》深入浅出地讲解了这两个关键技术，并且通过丰富的实例和深入的讨论，使复杂的概念变得易于理解。 HTML是网页内容的结构框架，它定义了页面上的各种元素，如标题、段落、链接等。CSS则负责网页的样式和布局，让内容呈现出美观的视觉效果。书中的内容可能涵盖了以下知识点： 1. HTML基础：包括HTML元素的结构、属性的使用、以及如何创建有效的语义化标记，以提高网页可读性和无障碍访问性。 2. CSS选择器与样式规则：解释如何使用类、ID和其他选择器来定位并应用样式，以及如何使用盒模型、布局模式（如流体布局和网格布局）来控制元素的尺寸和位置。 3. 响应式设计：介绍如何利用媒体查询实现跨设备兼容，使网页能在不同屏幕尺寸的设备上正常显示。 4. CSS预处理器（如Sass或Less）：可能涉及这些工具的使用，它们可以增强CSS的编写效率和可维护性。 5. SEO优化：书中可能会强调正确结构化HTML对于搜索引擎优化的重要性，如标题标签（H1-H6）、元标签的使用，以及如何通过CSS优化页面加载速度。 6. 页面布局技巧：讨论了如何通过Flexbox和Grid布局系统创建复杂而灵活的网页布局。 7. 实战案例分析：书中可能会包含一些实际项目案例，以展示如何将理论知识应用到实践中，解决实际问题。 8. 兼容性和调试：讲解如何处理浏览器之间的差异，以及使用开发者工具进行调试和优化。 9. 最佳实践和规范：书中会强调遵循W3C标准和最佳实践，以确保代码的质量和可维护性。 10. 版本更新与新技术：可能涵盖了HTML5和CSS3的新特性，以及如何利用它们提升用户体验。《HTML&CSS;精粹》是一本适合初学者和有一定经验的Web开发者阅读的书籍，它能帮助读者巩固基础知识，提升技能水平，从而成为一名真正优秀的Web设计师和开发者。书中丰富的实践指导和深入的理论分析，使得读者能够全面理解和掌握HTML和CSS的精髓。

The font-variant and text-transform Properties 235

The letter-spacing and word-spacing Properties 236

The white-space Property 236

The Practice of Good Web Typography 236

13. Clean and Accessible Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Building Effective Forms 237

Web Applications, User Perspective, and Design Choices 237

Organizing User Interfaces by Function 238

Ten Rules for Effective Web Forms and Applications 239

Assessment and Structure 241

Establishing Requirements 241

Markup and Structure 243

Basic Form Structure, Presentation, and Behavior 246

Form-Originated get Requests 247

The post Method and File Uploads 249

Manipulating the Size and Appearance of Individual Controls 249

Prototyping and Layout 251

Prototyping 101 251

Design Patterns, Style Resets, and Form Layout 252

Grouping Controls by Appearance 254

Required Fields and Other Submission Constraints 255

Identifying Required Fields 255

Discovering and Identifying User Input Errors 256

The disabled and readonly Attributes 257

Creating Accessible Forms 258

Implementing Forms for Accessibility 259

Supporting Keyboard Navigation of Forms 260

Form Features in HTML5 261

New Input Types 262

The required Attribute 262

14. The Bad Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

The Numbing Nature of Internet Explorer (Especially IE 6) 265

Browser Wars 2.0 266

Absent or Poor Selector Support 267

hasLayout 268

Margin Doubling 268

expression() Values 269

ActiveX Filters and Transitions 269

PNG Support (or Lack Thereof) 270

Poor Property Support 270

Issues with XHTML and XML 271

xiv | Table of Contents

This book attempts to cater to that sentiment. All of the exposition—which I do invite

the reader to tackle—is tucked away into Chapters 2 and 3, available for a quick “re-

wind” if you realize that you might have missed something.

The nonexpository parts are about making cool stuff happen: nailing down faithfulness

to composites, getting the upper hand over bugs, building template markup that can

survive redesigns, and manifold other topics.

What You Should Know Before You Read This Book

This book makes one basic assumption: that you’re familiar with the scope of HTML

4.01 elements, CSS selectors, and CSS property/value pairs. The companion website

for this book includes reference tables that link to exhaustive descriptions of HTML

and CSS on third-party sites, but it will be far easier to follow along if you’re already

familiar with the capabilities of HTML and CSS.

In addition, this book will be easier to digest if you’ve gained an understanding of the

separation of behavior, presentation, content, and structure into separate layers within

a site or application.

If you feel uneasy about any of this, O’Reilly’s Definitive Guides and Pocket Referen-

ces for HTML and CSS come highly recommended.

For the benefit of readers who may have overestimated their knowledge, the basics of

page, stylesheet, and element structure are covered as briefly as possible.

The Ideal Reader

You might be an ideal reader of this book if:

• You’re confident when the time comes to start building the server side of an ap-

plication, but redesigns get on your nerves because you’re forced to dive back into

the code and revise the bits of markup that are interspersed within it. The most

effective solution to this problem is called the “CSS Zen” technique, exemplified

by Dave Shea’s CSS Zen Garden. This book explains CSS Zen—structuring pro-

duction of markup so that redesign efforts can be confined to stylesheets—from a

perspective suited to engineers.

• You’re skilled at the use of a web-centric Integrated Development Environment

(IDE) such as Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio, but your expecta-

tions routinely collide with its limitations. Left unattended, an IDE typically inserts

all manner of cruft (i.e., “excess; superfluous junk”) into web materials, egregiously

violating the KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) Principle. This occurs because IDEs are

one-size-fits-all solutions. This book explains HTML and CSS in enough detail that

you can start configuring your tools of choice to handle the specific cases you work

with every day.

xviii | Preface

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