Lua程序设计第二版：Programming in Lua

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"Programming.in.Lua_Second.Edition_EN.pdf - 中文名为《Lua程序设计：第2版》，英文原版为Programming in Lua, Second Edition，由Roberto Ierusalimschy编写，PUC-Rio出版社发行，适用于编程学习者和开发者。" 《Programming in Lua》是Roberto Ierusalimschy撰写的一本关于Lua编程语言的经典著作，第二版对初版进行了更新和完善。这本书详细介绍了Lua语言的基础和高级特性，旨在帮助读者深入理解和熟练运用Lua进行程序设计。本书涵盖了以下关键知识点： 1. **Lua语言基础**：包括变量、数据类型（如数字、字符串、布尔值、表、nil和函数）、操作符、流程控制（如条件语句和循环）以及表的使用，表在Lua中是动态类型的数据结构，可以用作数组、哈希表等。 2. **函数与模块**：详述了函数的定义、调用和作用域，以及闭包的概念。同时，讨论了如何组织代码并创建可重用的模块，以提高代码的组织性和可维护性。 3. **元表与元方法**：介绍了Lua中的元表机制，这是Lua实现动态特性的核心之一。元表允许用户自定义数据的操作行为，如索引和赋值操作。 4. **垃圾收集与内存管理**：讲解了Lua的自动垃圾收集机制，帮助开发者理解内存如何在Lua中被分配和释放，以避免内存泄漏。 5. **协程（Coroutines）**：Lua支持轻量级的并发模型——协程，这使得异步编程变得更加简单。书中会介绍协程的基本概念和使用方法。 6. **C接口**：讲述了如何使用Lua C API与C/C++代码进行交互，包括注册C函数到Lua环境、处理C数据类型以及调用Lua脚本。 7. **错误处理与调试**：讨论了如何在Lua中处理错误，以及使用调试工具进行程序调试的技巧。 8. **性能优化**：提到了一些提升Lua程序性能的方法，包括合理使用数据结构、避免全局变量以及利用元表优化访问速度等。 9. **应用案例**：可能包含Lua在游戏开发、脚本系统、嵌入式系统等领域的实际应用示例，展示Lua的灵活性和强大功能。《Programming in Lua》是学习和掌握Lua编程的权威指南，无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中受益。通过阅读本书，你将能够充分利用Lua的简洁语法和强大功能，编写出高效、易读的代码。

tend to think of Lua as a language speciﬁcally designed for the Web; players of

a speciﬁc game may regard Lua as a language exclusive to that game.

Lua is useful also as a stand-alone language, not only for text-processing

and one-shot little programs, but increasingly for medium-to-large projects, too.

For such uses, the main functionality of Lua comes from libraries. The stan-

dard libraries offer pattern matching and other functions for string handling.

(We may regard the stand-alone language as the embedding of Lua into the

domain of string and text-ﬁle manipulation.) As Lua improves its support for li-

braries, there has been a proliferation of external packages. The Kepler project

(http://www.keplerproject.org), for instance, is a Web development platform

for Lua that offers packages for page generation, database access, LDAP, XML,

and SOAP. The LuaForge site (http://www.luaforge.net) offers a focal point

for many Lua packages.

Finally, there are those programmers that work on the other side of the

bench, writing applications that use Lua as a C library. Those people will

program more in C than in Lua, although they need a good understanding of

Lua to create interfaces that are simple, easy to use, and well integrated with

the language.

This book has much to offer to all these people. The ﬁrst part covers the

language itself, showing how we can explore all its potential. We focus on

different language constructs and use numerous examples to show how to use

them for practical tasks. Some chapters in this part cover basic concepts, such

as control structures, but there are also advanced topics, such as iterators and

coroutines.

The second part is entirely devoted to tables, the sole data structure in Lua.

Its chapters discuss data structures, persistence, packages, and object-oriented

programming. There we will unveil the real power of the language.

The third part presents the standard libraries. This part is particularly

useful for those that use Lua as a stand-alone language, although many other

applications also incorporate all or part of the standard libraries. This part

devotes one chapter to each standard library: the mathematical library, the table

library, the string library, the I/O library, the operating system library, and the

debug library.

Finally, the last part of the book covers the API between Lua and C, for those

that use C to get the full power of Lua. This part necessarily has a ﬂavor quite

different from the rest of the book. There we will be programming in C, not

in Lua; therefore, we will be wearing a different hat. For some readers, the

discussion of the C API may be of marginal interest; for others, it may be the

most relevant part of this book.

About the Second Edition

This book is an updated and expanded version of the ﬁrst edition of Program-

ming in Lua (also known as the PiL book). Although the book structure is virtu-

ally the same, this new edition has substantial new material.

Property of Ian Bloss <ianlinkcd@gmail.com>

xvi Preface

First, I have updated the whole book to Lua 5.1. Of particular relevance is

the chapter about modules and packages, which was mostly rewritten. I also

rewrote several examples to show how to beneﬁt from the new features offered

by Lua 5.1. Nevertheless, I clearly marked features absent from Lua 5.0, so you

can use the book for that version too.

Second, there are several new examples. These examples cover graph rep-

resentation, tab expansion and compression, an implementation for tuples, and

more.

Third, there are two complete new chapters. One is about how to use multiple

states and multiple threads from C; it includes a nice example of how to imple-

ment a multi-process facility for Lua. The other is about memory management

and how to interact with memory allocation and garbage collection.

After the release of the ﬁrst edition of Programming in Lua, several publish-

ers contacted us showing interest in a second edition. In the end, however, we

decided to self publish this second edition, as we did with the ﬁrst one. Despite

the limited marketing, this avenue brings several beneﬁts: we have total con-

trol over the book contents, we have freedom to choose when to release another

edition, we can ensure that the book does not go out of print, and we keep the

full rights to offer the book in other forms.

Other Resources

The reference manual is a must for anyone who wants to really learn a language.

This book does not replace the Lua reference manual. Quite the opposite, they

complement each other. The manual only describes Lua. It shows neither

examples nor a rationale for the constructs of the language. On the other hand,

it describes the whole language; this book skips over seldom-used dark corners of

Lua. Moreover, the manual is the authoritative document about Lua. Wherever

this book disagrees with the manual, trust the manual. To get the manual and

more information about Lua, visit the Lua site at http://www.lua.org.

You can also ﬁnd useful information at the Lua users site, kept by the

community of users at http://lua-users.org. Among other resources, it offers

a tutorial, a list of third-party packages and documentation, and an archive of

the ofﬁcial Lua mailing list. You should check also the book’s web page:

http://www.inf.puc-rio.br/~roberto/pil2/

There you can ﬁnd updated errata, code for some of the examples presented in

the book, and some extra material.

This book describes Lua 5.1, although most of its contents also apply to

Lua 5.0. The few differences between Lua 5.1 and Lua 5.0 are clearly marked in

the text. If you are using a more recent version, check the corresponding manual

for occasional differences between versions. If you are using a version older than

5.0, this is a good time to upgrade.

Property of Ian Bloss <ianlinkcd@gmail.com>

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