IEEE 802.1AB：连接发现标准详解

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"IEEE 802.1AB Standard" IEEE 802.1AB 标准，全称为“Local and metropolitan area networks—Station and Media Access Control Connectivity Discovery”，是由IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee（局域网/城域网标准委员会）制定的一项协议，主要目的是在IEEE 802标准的局域网中实现站（station）和媒体访问控制（Media Access Control, MAC）的连接发现。该标准于2009年通过IEEE-SA Standards Board批准更新，是对2005年版本的修订。此文档定义了一个协议和一组管理对象，用于在相邻的局域网站点之间发现物理拓扑。其主要关键词包括链路层发现协议（Link Layer Discovery Protocol, LLDP）、管理信息库（Management Information Base, MIB）以及拓扑发现和拓扑信息。LLDP是一种网络发现协议，允许网络设备互相识别并交换关于它们自身的信息，例如设备标识、接口描述、操作系统版本等，从而帮助构建网络的物理和逻辑拓扑视图。 IEEE 802.1AB 标准与IEEE 802.1ad（也称为QinQ）不同，后者关注的是在以太网中实现服务提供者的网络分段（S+C）。QinQ是一种扩展的VLAN（虚拟局域网）技术，它在传统的802.1Q VLAN标签（C-tag）之外添加了一个额外的外部VLAN标签（S-tag）。QinQ有两种主要的接口类型： 1. 基于端口的服务接口：在这种模式下，所有通过特定端口的数据包都会被打上相同的外层S-tag。 2. 基于客户Tag的服务接口：在此模式下，可以根据每个用户的C-tag来动态地添加不同的外层S-tag，提供了更大的灵活性和多租户环境中的服务隔离。通过实施LLDP，网络管理员可以更好地理解网络的结构，定位设备，检测配置错误，以及优化网络性能。此外，LLDP还可以与其他网络发现协议（如Cisco的CDP - Cisco Discovery Protocol）兼容，以提高跨厂商设备的互操作性。 IEEE 802.1AB标准对于现代网络管理和故障排查至关重要，它增强了网络设备之间的通信能力，为网络运维人员提供了必要的工具来维护复杂网络的健康运行。

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IEEE IEEE STANDARD FOR LOCAL AND METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORKS

Std 802.1AB-2009

stations connected by IEEE 802 LANs/MANs, their points of interconnection, and access points for

management protocols.

This standard defines a protocol that

a) Advertises connectivity and management

information about the local

station to adjacent stations on

the same IEEE 802 LAN.

b) Receives network management information from adjacent stations on th

e same IEEE 802 LAN.

c) Operates with all IEEE 802 access protocols and network media

d) Establishes a network management information schema and o

bject definitions that are suitable for

storing connection information about adjacent stations.

e) Provides compatibility with the IETF PTOPO MIB (IETF RFC

2922 [B14]).

1.2 Purpose

An IETF MIB (IETF RFC 2922 [B14]), as well as a number of vendor specific MIBs, have been created to

describe a network’s physical topology and associated systems within that topology.

This standard specifies the necessary protocol and

management elements to

a) Facili

tate multi-vendor inter-operability and the use of standard

management tools to discover and

make available physical topology information for network management.

b) Make it possible for network management to discover certa

in configuration inconsistencies or

malfunctions that can result in impaired communication at higher layers.

c) Provide information to assist network management

in making resource changes and/or re-

configurations that correct configuration inconsistencies or malfunctions identified in b) above.

The numbers in brackets correspond to those in the bibliography in Annex G.

STATION AND MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL CONNECTIVITY DISCOVERY IEEE

Std 802.1AB-2009

2. Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must

be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in the text and its relationship to this

document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the

latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.

IEEE Std 802

, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Overview and Architecture.

IEEE Std 802a

™

, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Overview and

Architecture—Amendment 1: Ethertypes for Prototype and Vendor-Specific Protocol Development.

IEEE Std 802.1AE

™

, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Media Access Control

(MAC) Security.

IEEE Std 802.1AX

™

, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Link Aggregation.

IEEE Std 802.1D

™

, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Media Access Control

(MAC) Bridges.

IEEE Std 802.1Q

™

, IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Virtual Bridged Local Area

Networks.

IEEE Std 802.1X

™

, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Port-Based Network

Access Control.

IEEE Std 802.3

™

, IEEE Standard for Information technology—Telecommunications and information

exchange between systems—Local and metropolitan area networks—Specific requirements—Part 3: Carrier

Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer

Specifications.

IETF RFC 1812, Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers, Baker, F., June 1995.

IETF RFC 2108, Definitions of Managed Objects for IEEE 802.3 Repeater Devices using SMIv2, de Graaf,

K., and Romascanu, D., February 1997.

IETF RFC 2863, The Interfaces Group MIB, McCloghrie, K. and

Kastenholz, F., June 2000.

IETF RFC 3046, DHCP Relay Agent Information Op

tion, Patrick, M., January 2001.

IETF RFC 3232, Assigned Numbers: RFC 1700 is Replaced by an On-line Database, Reynolds

, J., January

2002.

IETF RFC 3410, Introduction and Applicability Statements for Internet Stan

dard Management Framework,

Case, J., Mundy, R.,Partain, D., and Stewart, B., December 2002.

IEEE and 802 are registered trademarks in the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, owned by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers, Incorporated.

IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA

(http://standards.ieee.org).

Internet RFCs are retrievable by FTP at ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfcnnnn.txt, or by Web browser at http://www.rfc-editor.org/

rfcNNNN.txt (where NNNN is the RFC number prefixed with zeroes as necessary to make a four digit number). If the RFC number is

not known, there is a search facility at http://www.rfc-editor.org/.

The IETF RFC 3232 ianaAddressFamilyNumbers on-line database module is accessible through a web page (currently, http://

www.iana.org).

STATION AND MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL CONNECTIVITY DISCOVERY IEEE

Std 802.1AB-2009

3. Definitions and numerical representation

3.1 Definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE Standards

Dictionary: Glossary of Terms & Definitions should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause.

alpha-numeric information: Information that is encoded using the 8-bit Universal Character Set (UCS)/

Unicode Transformation Format (UTF-8) octet sequence [IETF RFC 3629].

chassis: A physical component incorporating one or more IEEE 802

LAN stations and their associated

application functionality.

chassis identifier: An administratively assigned name that identifies the particular chassis within the

context of an administrative domain that comprises one or more networks.

IEEE 802

LAN: Local area network (LAN) technologies that provide a media access control (MAC)

Service equivalent to the MAC Service defined in ISO/IEC 15802-1. IEEE 802 LANs include IEEE Std

802.3

™

, IEEE Std 802.5

™

[B3], IEEE Std 802.11

™

[B4], IEEE Std 802.16

™

[B5], IEEE Std 802.17

™

[B6],

and ISO 9314-2 LANs.

IEEE 802

LAN station: An IEEE 802-compatible entity that incorporates all the necessary mechanisms to

participate in media access control of an IEEE 802 LAN, and that is at least capable of providing the MAC

service plus the mandatory capabilities of the LLC.

NOTE—For example, routers and host computers are stations in a bridged network. Bridges, in addition to their relay

function, also include station capabilities.

Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP): A media-independent protocol capable of running on all IEEE

802

LAN stations and to allow an LLDP agent to learn the connectivity and management information from

adjacent stations.

LLDP agent: The protocol entity that implements LLDP for a particular MSAP associated with a Port.

MAC service access point (MSAP): The access point for MAC services provided to the LLC sublayer.

MSAP identifier: The identifier of a MAC service access point.

NOTE—In this standard, the concatenation of the chassis identifier and the port identifier is used by LLDP as an MSAP

identifier, to identify the port associated with an IEEE 802

LAN station.

management entity: The protocol entity that implements a particular network management protocol and

that provides access support to a MIB associated with the protocol and implemented on a host chassis.

Management Information Base (MIB): The instantiation of all MIB modules in a managed entity (e.g.,

system or device).

Management Information Base module (MIB module): The specification or schema for a data base that

can be populated with the information required to support a network management information system.

network: An interconnected group of systems, each comprising one or more IEEE 802

LAN stations.

The IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms & Definitions is available at http://shop.ieee.org/.

Notes in text, tables, and figures are given for information only and do not contain requirements needed to implement the standard.

IEEE IEEE STANDARD FOR LOCAL AND METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORKS

Std 802.1AB-2009

Network Management System (NMS): A management system that is capable of utilizing the information

in a MIB.

object identifier (OID): An identifier used to name an object. Structurally, an OID consists of a node in a

hierarchically-assigned namespace, formally defined in ISO/IEC 8824-1, Abstract Syntax Notation 1

(ASN.1). OIDs are used in this standard to identify MIB modules and the objects they contain.

physical network topology: The identification of systems, of IEEE 802

LAN stations that compose each

system, and of the IEEE 802 LAN stations that attach to the same IEEE 802 LAN.

port: The entity in a chassis/system to support an MSAP. A port incorporates one and only one MSAP and

identifies the collection of manageable entities that provide the MAC Service at the MSAP

port identifier: An administratively assigned name that identifies the particular port within the context of a

system, where the identification is convenient, local to the system, and persistent for the system’s use and

management (whereas the MAC address that globally identifies the MSAP can not be).

system: A managed collection of hardware and software components incorporating one or more chassis,

stations and ports.

station only: A non-forwarding IEEE 802

LAN station such as a user workstation, network file server, or

print server.

type, length, value (TLV): A short, variable length encodin

g of an information element consisting of

sequential type, length, and value fields where the type field identifies the type of information, the length

field indicates the length of the information field in octets, and the value field contains the information,

itself.

3.2 Numerical representation

Decimal, hexadecimal, and binary numbers are used within this document. For clarity, decimal numbers are

generally used to represent counts, hexadecimal numbers are used to represent addresses, and binary

numbers are used to describe bit patterns within binary fields.

Decimal numbers are represented in their usual 0, 1, 2, … format. Hexadecimal numbers are represented by

a string of one or more hexadecimal (0–9, A–F) digits followed by the subscript 16, except in C-code

contexts, where they are written as 0x123EF2 etc. Binary numbers are represented by a string of one or

more binary (0,1) digits, followed by the subscript 2. Thus the decimal number “26” may also be represented

as “1A

” or “11010

”.

MAC addresses, Ethertype values, and OUI/EUI values are represented as strings of 8-bit hexadecimal

numbers separated by hyphens and without a subscript, as for example “01-80-C2-00-00-15” or “AA-55-

11”, using the hexadecimal representation defined in IEEE Std 802.

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