RapidIO技术详解：输入/输出逻辑规范

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"RapidIO技术详解 - RapidIO互连规范第一部分：输入/输出逻辑规范" RapidIO（快速输入/输出）是一种高性能、低延迟的串行互连技术，最初设计用于满足电信和嵌入式系统的高带宽需求。RapidIO Trade Association发布的《RapidIO Interconnect Specification Part 1: Input/Output Logical Specification》是该技术的核心文档，定义了RapidIO系统间的通信协议和接口。在RapidIO技术中，其主要特点包括： 1. **串行化数据传输**：与传统的并行总线相比，RapidIO采用串行数据传输，降低了信号干扰和布线复杂性，同时提高了传输距离和系统扩展性。 2. **分层架构**：RapidIO架构分为物理层、传输层、路由层和应用层。物理层处理信号传输，传输层负责数据包的封装和解封装，路由层确定数据包的路径，而应用层则适应各种不同的应用需求。 3. **多协议支持**：RapidIO可以支持多种协议，如PCI Express、Ethernet等，使得它能够轻松地与其他网络和存储技术集成。 4. **错误检测与恢复**：规范中包含了强大的错误检测和恢复机制，确保数据的完整性和系统的可靠性。 5. **灵活的拓扑结构**：RapidIO支持星形、环形、树形、网状等多种网络拓扑，适应不同规模和复杂性的系统设计。 6. **虚拟通道**：通过虚拟通道（Virtual Channels）技术，RapidIO可以在单个物理链路上复用多个逻辑通道，提高带宽利用率和系统效率。 7. **服务质量（QoS）**：RapidIO提供了QoS机制，允许系统管理员根据优先级分配带宽，确保关键任务的及时响应。 8. **可扩展性**：随着技术的发展，RapidIO规范不断更新，例如Rev.2.0版本发布于2008年，提供了更高级的功能和优化，以适应不断提升的性能需求。 9. **知识产权保护**：使用RapidIO技术开发产品时，用户需注意知识产权问题，可能需要获得必要的许可或权利才能实施或构建符合规范的产品。 10. **免责声明**：RapidIO Trade Association对规范的使用不提供任何明示或暗示的保证，用户需自行承担使用规范可能带来的风险和责任。 RapidIO技术是构建高性能、低延迟系统的关键，尤其适用于需要高速数据交换的领域，如数据中心、网络设备和航空航天应用。理解并熟练掌握RapidIO的规范和特性对于设计和实现高效互连解决方案至关重要。

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RapidIO Trade Association 11

RapidIO Part 1: Input/Output Logical Specification Rev. 2.0

Chapter 1 Overview

1.1 Introduction

This chapter provides an overview of the RapidIO Part 1: Input/Output Logical

Specification, including a description of the relationship between this specification

and the other specifications of the RapidIO interconnect.

1.2 Overview

The RapidIO Part 1: Input/Output Logical Specification is one of the RapidIO

logical layer specifications that define the interconnect’s overall protocol and packet

formats. This layer contains the information necessary for end points to process a

transaction. Other RapidIO logical layer specifications include RapidIO Part 2:

Message Passing Logical Specification and RapidIO Part 5: Globally Shared

Memory Logical Specification.

The logical specifications do not imply a specific transport or physical interface,

therefore they are specified in a bit stream format. Necessary bits are added to the

logical encodings for the transport and physical layers lower in the specification

hierarchy.

RapidIO is a definition of a system interconnect. System concepts such as processor

programming models, memory coherency models and caching are beyond the scope

of the RapidIO architecture. The support of memory coherency models, through

caches, memory directories (or equivalent, to hold state and speed up remote

memory access) is the responsibility of the end points (processors, memory, and

possibly I/O devices), using RapidIO operations. RapidIO provides the operations

to construct a wide variety of systems, based on programming models that range

from strong consistency through total store ordering to weak ordering.

Inter-operability between end points supporting different

coherency/caching/directory models is not guaranteed. However, groups of

end-points with conforming models can be linked to others conforming to different

models on the same RapidIO fabric. These different groups can communicate

through RapidIO messaging or I/O operations. Any reference to these areas within

the RapidIO architecture specification are for illustration only.

12 RapidIO Trade Association

RapidIO Part 1: Input/Output Logical Specification Rev. 2.0

1.3 Features of the Input/Output Specification

The following are features of the RapidIO I/O specification designed to satisfy the

needs of various applications and systems:

1.3.1 Functional Features

• A rich variety of transaction types, such as DMA-style read and writes, that

allow efficient I/O systems to be built.

• System sizes from very small to very large are supported in the same or

compatible packet formats—RapidIO plans for future expansion and

requirements.

• Read-modify-write atomic operations are useful for synchronization between

processors or other system elements.

• The RapidIO architecture supports 50- and 66-bit addresses as well as 34-bit

local addresses for smaller systems.

• DMA devices can improve the interconnect efficiency if larger non-coherent

data quantities can be encapsulated within a single packet, so RapidIO

supports a variety of data sizes within the packet formats.

1.3.2 Physical Features

• RapidIO packet definition is independent of the width of the physical interface

to other devices on the interconnect fabric.

• The protocols and packet formats are independent of the physical interconnect

topology. The protocols work whether the physical fabric is a point-to-point

ring, a bus, a switched multi-dimensional network, a duplex serial

connection, and so forth.

• RapidIO is not dependent on the bandwidth or latency of the physical fabric.

• The protocols handle out-of-order packet transmission and reception.

• Certain devices have bandwidth and latency requirements for proper operation.

RapidIO does not preclude an implementation from imposing these

constraints within the system.

1.3.3 Performance Features

• Packet headers must be as small as possible to minimize the control overhead

and be organized for fast, efficient assembly and disassembly.

• 48- and 64-bit addresses are required in the future, and must be supported

initially.

• Multiple transactions must be allowed concurrently in the system, otherwise a

majority of the potential system throughput is wasted.

RapidIO Trade Association 13

RapidIO Part 1: Input/Output Logical Specification Rev. 2.0

1.4 Contents

Following are the contents of the RapidIO Part 1: Input/Output Logical

Specification:

• Chapter 1, “Overview” (this chapter) provides an overview of the specification

• Chapter 2, “System Models,” introduces some possible devices that could

participate in a RapidIO system environment. Transaction ordering and

deadlock prevention are discussed.

• Chapter 3, “Operation Descriptions,” describes the set of operations and

transactions supported by the RapidIO I/O protocols.

• Chapter 4, “Packet Format Descriptions,” contains the packet format

definitions for the I/O specification. The two basic types, request and

response packets, with their sub-types and fields are defined.

• Chapter 5, “Input/Output Registers,” describes the visible register set that

allows an external processing element to determine the I/O capabilities,

configuration, and status of a processing element using this logical

specification. Only registers or register bits specific to the I/O logical

specification are explained. Refer to the other RapidIO logical, transport, and

physical specifications of interest to determine a complete list of registers and

bit definitions.

1.5 Terminology

Refer to the Glossary at the back of this document.

1.6 Conventions

|| Concatenation, used to indicate that two fields are physically

associated as consecutive bits

ACTIVE_HIGH Names of active high signals are shown in uppercase text with

no overbar. Active-high signals are asserted when high and

not asserted when low.

ACTIVE_LOW

Names of active low signals are shown in uppercase text with

an overbar. Active low signals are asserted when low and not

asserted when high.

italics Book titles in text are set in italics.

REG[FIELD] Abbreviations or acronyms for registers are shown in

uppercase text. Specific bits, fields, or ranges appear in

brackets.

TRANSACTION Transaction types are expressed in all caps.

operation Device operation types are expressed in plain text.

n A decimal value.

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