Juval Lowy & Michael Montgomery合著《Programming WCF Services 4th Edition》详解

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《Programming.WCF.Services.4th.Edition》是由Juval Lowy和Michael Montgomery合著的一本专著，专注于Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) 服务的编程。本书是该系列的第四版，针对.NET开发人员提供深入的指导，帮助他们理解和构建高效、可扩展的分布式系统服务。WCF是Microsoft .NET框架的一部分，它提供了一种统一的方式来设计、开发和部署网络服务，支持多种协议和通信模型，如HTTP、TCP、UDP和 MSMQ等。本书适用于希望进一步提升WCF技术能力的读者，无论他们是初学者还是经验丰富的开发人员。书中覆盖的主题包括但不限于： 1. **WCF基础**：介绍WCF的核心概念，如服务合同（Contracts）、绑定（Bindings）和终结点（Endpoints），以及如何创建和配置服务。 2. **服务架构**：讨论服务的组织方式，包括单例、状态ful和状态less服务，以及服务的安全性和身份验证策略。 3. **消息传递**：讲解WS-I Basic Profile、SOAP、RESTful Web Services以及高级消息模式，如异步和二进制数据交换。 4. **交易和可靠传输**：如何在服务间实现事务处理和数据一致性，以及如何利用Reliable Messaging功能。 5. **跨域服务**：探讨跨域通信（CORS）和访问控制，确保服务可以在不同的域或信任边界之间安全地通信。 6. **安全性与认证**：介绍各种安全机制，如Windows身份验证、OAuth和自定义证书管理。 7. **性能优化**：提供如何通过代码优化、配置和工具分析来提高服务的性能和响应速度的实用建议。 8. **故障恢复与监控**：涵盖错误处理、异常处理和日志记录，以及如何使用工具进行服务健康检查和性能监控。 9. **现代Web API集成**：随着API的流行，本书还会涉及如何将WCF服务与RESTful API和服务总线集成，以及微服务架构的考虑。《Programming.WCF.Services.4th.Edition》的第四版于2015年11月首次发布，提供了最新的技术和最佳实践。该书不仅适合在校学生和开发者作为参考教材，也是企业级开发团队提升技术栈和实现业务需求的实用指南。由于版权问题，请在购买或使用时确保符合O'Reilly Media的授权政策。

developer, it is the next generation of productivity-oriented features, such as transac‐

tions and hosting, that provide off-the-shelf plumbing for applications. To the appli‐

cation developer, it is a declarative programming model for structuring applications.

And to the architect, it is a tool for building service-oriented applications. WCF is, in

actuality, all of those, simply because it was designed that way—to be the unified

offering of Microsoft’s disparate technologies.

To me, WCF is a superior development platform, which to a large extent subsumed

raw .NET programming. All .NET developers should use WCF, regardless of their

application types, sizes, or industry domains. WCF is a fundamental technology that

provides an easy and clean way to generate services and applications in compliance

with what I regard as sound design principles. WCF was engineered from the ground

up to simplify application development and deployment and to lower the overall cost

of ownership. WCF services allow you to build service-oriented applications, from

standalone desktop applications to web-based applications and services to high-end

Enterprise applications.

How This Book Is Organized

This book covers the topics and skills you need to design and develop service-

oriented WCF-based applications, illustrating how to take advantage of built-in fea‐

tures such as service hosting, instance management, concurrency management,

transactions, disconnected queued calls, security, and the new Windows Azure Ser‐

vice Fabric. But in fact, this book is not about WCF. It is about modern software engi‐

neering, using WCF as a medium to express these design ideas. The various concepts

disused in this book transcend technologies. So while the book shows you how to use

these features in WCF, it focuses on the “why” and on the rationale behind particular

design decisions. You’ll learn about not only WCF programming and the related sys‐

tem issues, but also relevant design options, tips, best practices, and pitfalls. I

approach almost every topic and aspect from a software engineering standpoint,

because my objective is to make you not just a WCF expert, but also a better software

engineer. Armed with the insights this text provides, you can engineer your applica‐

tions for maintainability, extensibility, reusability, and productivity.

This fourth edition has provided me with several opportunities: first, to catch up with

WCF in .NET 4.6 with its new features of parallel processing and configuration. Sec‐

ond, I wanted to present the upcoming Azure Service Fabric, which is a fundamen‐

tally disruptive technology because of the sort of applications it allows developers to

build and how it unifies development and operations. Third, I have had a few more

years’ worth of WCF techniques, ideas, and helper classes, as well as improvement of

the ideas I had in the previous editions. I believe this new material will make this edi‐

tion valuable even to readers of the third edition.

xiv | Preface

This book avoids many implementation details of WCF and largely confines its cov‐

erage to the possibilities and practical aspects of using WCF: how to apply the tech‐

nology and how to choose among the available design and programming models. It

makes the most of what .NET 4.6 and the Service Fabric has to offer, and in some

respects is an advanced C# book as well.

In addition, the book contains many useful utilities, tools, and helper classes I have

written, collectively known as ServiceModelEx. My tools, helper classes, and attributes

aim at increasing your productivity and the quality of your WCF services. ServiceMo‐

delEx is literally a small framework that sits on top of WCF and compensates for

some oversights in its design. ServiceModelEx also simplifies and automates certain

tasks. This book is as much about my tools, ideas, and techniques as it is about native

WCF, and my framework also demonstrates how you can extend WCF. Many readers

have told me that aside from the explanations in this book, ServiceModelEx is the

most valuable asset the book offers. I have also kept to my guideline that, in principle,

readers should not have to use all (or any part) of ServiceModelEx. In practice, Serv‐

iceModelEx is your WCF power tools collection. You can also use each helper class,

utility, or framework individually, as there are few, if any, interdependencies.

Each chapter addresses a single topic and discusses it in depth. However, the chapters

often rely on those that precede them, so you should read the book in order.

Here is a brief summary of the chapters and appendixes in this book:

Chapter 1, WCF Essentials

This first chapter starts by explaining what WCF is, then describes essential WCF

concepts and building blocks (such as addresses, contracts, bindings, endpoints,

hosting, and clients) and key concepts such as reliability and transport sessions.

The chapter includes a discussion of the WCF architecture, which is really the

linchpin of all that follows in the subsequent chapters. This chapter assumes that

you understand the basic motivation and benefit of service orientation. If that is

not the case, you should first read Appendix A. Even if you are already familiar

with the basic concepts of WCF, I recommend that you give this chapter at least a

cursory reading, not only to ensure that you have a solid foundation, but also

because some of the helper classes and terms introduced here will be used and

extended throughout the book.

Chapter 2, Service Contracts

Chapter 2 is dedicated to the topic of designing and working with service con‐

tracts. First, it covers some useful techniques for service contract overloading and

inheritance, as well as some advanced techniques. The chapter also discusses how

to design and factor contracts that cater to reuse, maintainability, and extensibil‐

ity. It ends by showing you how to interact programmatically with the metadata

of the exposed contracts at runtime.

Preface | xv

Chapter 3, Data Contracts

Chapter 3 deals with how the client and the service can exchange data without

ever actually sharing the data type itself or using the same development technol‐

ogy. In this chapter, you will see how to deal with some interesting real-life issues,

such as data versioning, and how to pass collections of items. This chapter also

extends the contract design and factoring discussion of Chapter 2 to data con‐

tracts.

Chapter 4, Instance Management

This chapter answers the question of which service instance handles which cli‐

ent’s request. WCF supports several service instance management, activation, and

lifetime management techniques, and your choices will have drastic implications

for scalability, performance, the programming model, and the business workflow.

This chapter presents the rationale behind each of the instance management

modes, offers guidelines on when and how to best use them, and also addresses

some related topics, such as durability and throttling.

Chapter 5, Operations

Chapter 5 deals with the types of operations clients can invoke on a service and

related design guidelines, such as how to improve on and extend the basic WCF

offering to support callback setup and teardown, manage callback ports and

channels, and provide for type-safe duplex proxies.

Chapter 6, Faults

This chapter discusses the best practices of error handling, enabling you to

decouple the client’s error handling from the service’s. When required, the chap‐

ter shows how services can report errors and exceptions back to their clients,

since constructs such as exceptions and exception handling are technology-

specific and should not transcend the service boundary. This chapter also dem‐

onstrates how you can extend and improve on WCF’s basic error-handling

mechanism.

Chapter 7, Transactions

This chapter begins by explaining the motivation for transactions in general,

then discusses the many aspects of transactional services: the transaction man‐

agement architecture, transaction propagation configuration, the declarative

transaction support offered by WCF, and how clients can create transactions. The

chapter ends by discussing relevant design guidelines such as transactional ser‐

vice state management and instancing modes.

Chapter 8, Concurrency Management

Chapter 8 first describes the powerful yet simple declarative way WCF offers for

managing concurrency and synchronization, both for the client and the service.

The chapter then presents more advanced aspects of concurrency management,

xvi | Preface

such as callbacks, reentrancy, thread affinity, and synchronization context, best

practices and guidelines for avoiding deadlocks, and asynchronous call manage‐

ment. The chapter also explores the Task-based Asynchronous Pattern (TAP) and

how this style of asynchrony relates to WCF, highlighting best practice techni‐

ques, as well as, discussing potential pitfalls.

Chapter 9, Queued Services

Chapter 9 shows how clients can queue up calls to services, thus enabling asyn‐

chronous, disconnected work. The chapter starts by showing how to set up and

configure queued services, then focuses on aspects such as transactions, instance

management, and failures and their impact on both the business model of the

service and its implementation. It also presents techniques for streamlining

queues, call management, and several original design ideas (such as a queued

response service).

Chapter 10, Security

This chapter demystifies service-oriented security by breaking down this multi‐

faceted task into its basic elements, such as message transfer, authentication, and

authorization. It also demonstrates how to provide security for key scenarios

such as intranet and Internet applications. Finally, it presents my framework for

declarative WCF security, designed to automate security setup and to considera‐

bly simplify managing security.

Chapter 11,

e Azure Service Fabric

Chapter 11 introduces you to the Azure Service Fabric. This chapter starts by

briefly explaining the value and rationale behind the new platform and continues

by presenting the Service Fabric’s many capabilities. The chapter ends by present‐

ing ServiceModelEx.ServiceFabric, our operational Service Fabric that simpli‐

fies how you prepare for the Service Fabric and allows you to deploy Service

Fabric code to any Windows environment that can host WCF services.

Appendix A, Introduction to Service Orientation

This appendix is designed for readers who want to understand what service ori‐

entation is all about: it presents my take on service orientation and puts it in a

concrete context. The appendix defines service-oriented applications (as opposed

to mere architecture) and the services themselves and examines the benefits of

the methodology. It then presents the principles of service orientation and aug‐

ments the abstract tenets with a few more practical points required by most

applications. In this appendix, I also share my perspective on where SOA and

WCF are heading.

Appendix B, Headers and Contexts

This appendix introduces two distinct techniques for enabling the client to pass

out-of-band parameters to the service, resulting in a custom logical context: you

Preface | xvii

will see how to use either the message headers or the context binding to achieve

this goal. This appendix also presents my helper classes, which greatly simplify

and encapsulate the required programming. These helper classes and custom

contexts are used in several places in the book.

Appendix C, Discovery

This appendix starts by describing the basic offering of service discovery and

availability announcements introduced in .NET 4.0. Discovery simplifies service

and client deployment and management, and allows for great volatility across

time and deployment sites. The appendix then shows some simple techniques

and helper classes you can use to streamline the programming model. The

appendix ends with our technique for TCP-based discovery that mimics regular

WCF discovery, benefiting from discovery even where UDP is disallowed.

Appendix D, Publish-Subscribe Service

Appendix D presents several techniques for implementing a publish-subscribe

event management solution. It starts with my framework, which lets you develop

a publishing and a subscription service in, at most, one line of code. The appen‐

dix ends with a discovery-enabled publish-subscribe solution that requires no

explicit subscriptions steps.

Appendix E, Generic Interceptor

This appendix presents a general-purpose extensible framework for intercepting

calls to your WCF services. It walks through the technique and thought process

behind such an extension and shows two examples of how to utilize this simple

yet powerful and useful technique.

Appendix F, WCF Coding Standard

Appendix F is basically a consolidated list of all the best practices and dos and

don’ts mentioned throughout this book. The standard is all about the “how” and

the “what,” not the “why.” The rationale behind it is found in the rest of the book.

The standard also uses the terms and helper classes discussed in this book.

Appendix G, ServiceModelEx Catalog

The final appendix presents a catalog of the 100 or so public helper types (exclud‐

ing internal helper types) of ServiceModelEx mentioned in the book, arranged by

categories and techniques, with a short description of each.

Introducing Michael “Monty” Montgomery

In 2009 at my annual Architect’s Master Class I met Monty, who at the time was the

chief architect of a large enterprise. Over the next few years we kept in touch since

Monty was one of the best architects I have ever met. Monty has a natural knack for

service-oriented design and the related system issues. He also proved to be a WCF

expert. In 2012 he finally made the jump and joined IDesign. The reason I wanted

xviii | Preface

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