Globus Toolkit4.0：Grid技术核心编程与Java服务

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"Globus Toolkit4.0是Grid计算领域的重要工具包，用于构建和管理分布式计算环境。它提供了一系列的服务和接口，使得科研人员、工程师以及开发者能够灵活地共享和利用全球范围内的计算资源、数据存储和应用程序。Globus Toolkit4.0是Grid技术的详细参考资料，涵盖了Grid计算的基础理论和实践应用。该工具包旨在促进跨机构、跨领域的协作，提高计算效率和数据管理能力。在Grid计算中，Globus Toolkit4.0扮演着核心角色，它包括了以下几个关键组件和服务： 1. **GridFTP**：这是一个高度可定制的、安全的文件传输协议，支持大规模数据的高速传输和并发操作，对于科学计算中的大数据处理至关重要。 2. **GSI (Grid Security Infrastructure)**：Globus Toolkit4.0的安全框架，提供身份验证、授权和加密功能，确保在分布式环境中数据和资源的安全访问。 3. **GRAM (Grid Resource Allocation and Management)**：负责作业调度和管理，允许用户提交任务到远程系统并在Grid环境中进行执行。 4. **GAT (Grid Application Toolkit)**：提供了一组编程接口，便于开发人员构建跨平台的Grid应用程序，支持多种编程语言，如Java和Python。 5. **Globus Metadata Catalog Services**：用于管理和检索Grid环境中的元数据，帮助用户找到并访问所需资源。 6. **Globus Monitoring and Notification**：一套监控和通知机制，用于跟踪Grid服务的状态和性能，以便于故障排查和优化。 Globus Toolkit4.0的发布对Grid计算领域产生了深远影响，推动了科学研究、工程计算和商业应用的发展。通过这个工具包，研究人员可以跨越地理和组织界限，共同解决复杂问题，如气候模拟、生物信息学分析和高能物理实验等。系列书籍《The Elsevier Series in Grid Computing》由Grid计算领域的权威专家Ian Foster和Carl Kesselman主编，深入探讨了Grid技术如何变为现实及其对计算、工业、科学和社会的影响。该系列书籍旨在建立Grid计算与网络技术、信息技术、数据库管理、编程语言、工具和编译器、安全、人工智能、计算机架构和其他计算学科之间的桥梁，为读者提供了全面而深入的Grid计算知识。《The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure》和《The Grid2: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure》这两本书是Grid计算领域的经典之作，它们详细阐述了Grid计算的基础理论和未来愿景，为Globus Toolkit4.0的应用提供了理论基础。 Globus Toolkit4.0不仅是Grid计算的实用工具，也是理解Grid技术及其潜力的关键入口。通过学习和应用这个工具包，用户可以更好地理解和利用分布式计算的力量，推动科技创新和协作。"

Preface

Ok, I’ve installed the Globus Toolkit on my computer. Now how do I send my

programs to run on the world’s supercomputing Grid?

–Actual question sent by a Globus user

The Globus Toolkit is widely regarded as one of the key enablers of Grid computing.

In fact, it has received rave reviews from the likes of The New York Times (“The Globus

Toolkit is the de facto standard for Grid Computing”), the MIT Technology Review (“Globus

Toolkit-based Grid computing is one of ‘Ten Technologies That Will Change the World’”),

and Ebert & Roeper (“Two thumbs way up!”). Ok, we made that last one up ::: our point,

anyway, is that the Globus Toolkit 4 (GT4) is a really groovy piece of software!

However, because of all the buzz on the Globus Toolkit being this “great Grid enabler”,

many newcomers to the toolkit (like the one quoted above) tend to have a wrong idea about

what the Globus Toolkit is. It is not a magical piece of software that instantly allows you

to wield the awesome power of Grid computing. It is, in fact, a collection of software

components which provide many of the building blocks necessary to create a Grid-based

application.

Needless to say, those building blocks aren’t going to piece themselves together on

their own. You will have to integrate all the different software components, most of which

are Web services-based and rely on an exciting new speciﬁcation called WSRF (Web Services

Resource Framework). So, you will have to be familiar with WSRF and with Web services

programming using the Globus Toolkit. That is why we set out to write this book: to provide

newcomers to Globus with a well-rounded introduction to the toolkit and, in particular, to

the fundamental aspect of Java services programming with the toolkit. In fact, we like to

xvi Preface

■

think of this book as “a practical guide for beginners”. Let’s take a closer look at what we

mean :::

■

A practical :::: The book teaches by example, and practically every chapter includes

at least one example you can run on your computer, and later modify for your own

evil purposes.

■

:::guide :::: This book is not meant as a reference manual but, rather, as a text where

new concepts and examples are explained step by step.

■

:::for beginners: This book is meant to help beginners take their ﬁrst steps with

Globus. To put it another way, the book is not meant as a comprehensive treatise

on Java services programming, and some topics have been simpliﬁed (or even not

included) to keep the book simple.

Scope of This Book

The Globus Toolkit 4 is huge, and if we had set out to write a book about the complete

toolkit, you would now be staring at a 1500-page book. The scope of this book is limited

to those GT4 components directly related to Java services programming. At the end of this

book you will know how to program Java services using GT4, and this will enable you to

progress towards using the other components included in the toolkit. It is very important

to understand that you cannot program Grid-based applications using only the components

covered in this book. This book should be approached as a stepping stone towards more

powerful tooling, not as a deﬁnite guide on GT4 programming.

How This Book is Structured

The book is divided into four parts:

■

Key Concepts (Chapters 1–5): This part introduces key concepts on Grid computing,

WSRF, Web services, and GT4.

■

GT4 Java WS Core (Chapters 6–14): In this part we will start to program basic

services using the Java Web Services Core component of the toolkit. Each chapter

includes a simple example you can run on your own computer.

■

GT4 Security (Chapters 15–22): This part explores the security aspects of services

in a Grid-based application. We will go through some of the security components

included in the toolkit, providing more examples as we go along.

■

The FileBuy Application (Chapters 23 and 24): The examples used in Parts II and III

are used to illustrate certain key features, and are functionally trivial to keep them

as simple as possible. Therefore, they are not representative of how a “real” GT4-

based application would look. The FileBuy Application is a more elaborate example

xviii Preface

■

programming simple services in Part II. Notice, however, that you will need to make a

slight detour to Appendix A (the installation guide) if GT4 is not already installed in your

system.

Next, you will need to read up to Chapter 10 before you can think of advancing to the

security chapters. To read the FileBuy chapters, you will need to ﬁrst read all the Java WS

Core chapters. Reading the security chapters is not strictly necessary to understand the

FileBuy application, but you will miss on some of the security-related discussion included

in those chapters.

Prerequisites

We are assuming that you are already familiar (to some degree) with certain topics. Here

is a list of prerequisites, including some pointers to useful websites in case you need a

refresher in any of these topics:

■

Java Programming. If you are new to Java, or want to brush up on Java program-

ming, the following two websites might come in handy:

●

The Java Tutorial (http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/): The ofﬁcial tutorial

from Sun, the makers of Java. Very good if you know absolutely nothing about Java.

●

The Coffee Break (http://www.javacoffeebreak.com/): Website with resources for

Java programmers, including tutorials and FAQs.

■

Basic knowledge of XML. You should know what XML is, and should be able to

read XML documents. Although the book does delve into more advanced XML topics

occasionally (XML Namespaces, DOM, etc.), knowledge of these topics is not strictly

required, as we try to give a brief explanation every time we encounter ‘advanced

XML’.

If you don’t know XML, or simply want to further your knowledge of XML, the

following websites are worth a look:

●

W3Schools XML Tutorial (http://www.w3schools.com/xml/): Tutorial that covers

both the basics and the more advanced aspects of XML.

●

ZVON.org (http://www.zvon.org/): Tons of XML resources. Includes some very

good reference guides.

■

UNIX or Windows. This book is written mainly with UNIX users in mind, with notes

on how to get the examples running on Windows. You should either know your way

around a UNIX system or around a Windows system (specially the command-line).

■

Preface xix

On the other hand, you should be perfectly safe even if you have no knowledge of the

following topics:

■

Grid Computing. Although most of our readers will probably have a solid Grid Com-

puting background, we realize that for many readers this will be their ﬁrst contact

with Grid programming. We have included a brief introduction to Grid Computing in

the book to make sure we all stand on equal footing.

■

Web Services. A brief introduction to Web Services is included in the book.

■

Previous versions of the Globus Toolkit. The book is not written as a transition

guide from previous Globus Toolkit versions. You have nothing to worry about if this

is your very ﬁrst contact with the Globus Toolkit.

The Book Website is Your Friend!

This book has a companion website (http://www.gt4book.com/) where you will ﬁnd a lot

of goodies:

■

Source code for the examples: Throughout the book we will be working with a lot

of examples. To run the examples in your computer, you will have to download the

source code from the book website.

■

“Copy-pasteable” commands: To run the examples, you will have to run a lot of

command-line applications (such as java, javac, etc.). Manually typing these com-

mands (and their often long list of parameters) can be cumbersome and error-prone

so, for your convenience, the book website provides a text document with all the com-

mands mentioned in the book. This way, you can easily copy-paste the commands

to your command line, instead of manually typing them!

■

Updates to the book to track new releases of the Globus Toolkit: This book

was written using version 4.0.0 of the Globus Toolkit, and has also been tested with

version 4.0.1, the latest version available when we ﬁnished the book. However, new

versions of the toolkit will surely be released during this book’s lifetime. Practically

all the contents of this book will remain valid throughout all the 4.x releases but, of

course, there might be minor issues or interesting new features that readers have to

be aware of. We are committed to posting a document detailing such issues whenever

a new version of GT4 is released. Updated example bundles will also be posted, in

case a new GT4 release requires changes to the source code of the examples.

■

FAQs: Readers are bound to come up with a lot of interesting questions that we

did not foresee when writing the book. We will include a list of the questions most

frequently asked by readers on the book website.

■

Errata: A list of known typos and bugs can be found on the book website.

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