深入学习JavaFX：从入门到精通 - CSDN文库

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"Pro JavaFX 2.pdf 是一本关于JavaFX技术的专业书籍，提供原书的高清版本。这本书涵盖了从基础到高级的各种JavaFX开发主题，包括用户界面创建、属性和绑定、动态UI布局、UI控件使用、集合与并发处理、图表创建、媒体类的运用、Web服务访问以及JavaFX语言和标记的详细内容。" JavaFX是Java平台上的一个富客户端应用开发框架，用于构建具有丰富图形用户界面的桌面、移动和Web应用程序。在"Getting a Jump Start in JavaFX"这一章中，作者引导读者快速入门JavaFX开发，讲解如何利用JavaFX来实现个人激情并满足世界需求。书中强调了JavaFX在2007年JavaOne大会上发布时，旨在为开发者提供一个工具，使他们能够创造出充满活力的应用程序。在"Creating a User Interface in JavaFX"一章中，你将学习如何使用JavaFX API设计和构建用户界面，包括控件的使用、布局管理器以及事件处理。这涵盖了从基本按钮和文本字段到复杂布局的设计。 "Properties and Bindings"章节深入探讨了JavaFX中的属性和绑定机制，这是JavaFX中一个强大的特性，它允许开发者创建响应式UI，当数据发生变化时，UI可以自动更新。 "Building Dynamic UI Layouts in JavaFX"介绍了如何创建动态的用户界面布局，包括如何在运行时改变布局，以及如何响应用户交互和程序逻辑来调整UI。 "Using the JavaFX UI Controls"章节详细讨论了JavaFX提供的各种内置控件，如按钮、表格、菜单等，并展示了如何自定义这些控件以满足特定需求。 "Collections and Concurrency"章节关注JavaFX中的集合操作以及多线程编程，这对于管理大量数据和优化应用性能至关重要。 "Creating Charts in JavaFX"一章教你如何在JavaFX应用中创建和定制各种图表，包括折线图、柱状图和饼图等，以便于数据可视化。 "Using the Media Classes"章节讲解了JavaFX如何处理多媒体内容，如播放音频和视频，这对于创建多媒体应用非常有用。 "Accessing Web Services"章节介绍如何使用JavaFX与Web服务进行交互，包括SOAP和RESTful服务，使得JavaFX应用能获取和发送网络数据。 "JavaFX Languages and Markup"章节则深入讨论了JavaFX脚本语言及其相关的标记语言，如FXML，这是一种用于声明性构建用户界面的语言。最后，附录"The Visage Language in Depth"深入解析了Visage语言，这是一种可能与JavaFX相关的特定语言或概念。通过这本书，读者不仅可以掌握JavaFX的基本概念和技术，还能深入了解其高级特性，从而能够开发出功能强大且用户友好的跨平台应用程序。对于任何想要进入JavaFX领域的开发者来说，这本书都是一个宝贵的资源。

CHAPTER 1 ■ GETTING A JUMP START IN JAVAFX

13

javafx.scene.image package and the Group class in the javafx.scene package. In both cases, they inherit

from the Node class.

■ Tip We can’t emphasize enough the importance of having the JavaFX API documentation handy while

reading this book. As classes, variables, and functions are mentioned, it’s often a good idea to look at the

documentation to get more information. In addition, this habit helps you become more familiar with what is

available to you in the API.

Displaying Images

As shown in the following code, displaying an image entails using an ImageView instance in conjunction

with an Image instance.

ImageViewBuilder.create()

.image(new Image("http://projavafx.com/images/earthrise.jpg"))

.build(),

The Image instance identifies the image resource and loads it from the URL assigned to its URL

variable. Both of these classes are located in the javafx.scene.image package.

Working with Graphical Nodes as a Group

One powerful graphical feature of JavaFX is the ability to create scene graphs, which consist of a tree of

graphical nodes. You can then assign values to properties of a Group located in the hierarchy, and the

nodes contained in the Group will be affected. In our current example from Listing 1-1, we’re using a

Group to contain a Text node and to clip a specific rectangular region within the Group so that the text

doesn’t appear on the moon or the Earth as it animates upward. Here’s the relevant code snippet:

GroupBuilder.create()

.layoutX(50)

.layoutY(180)

.children(

textRef

)

.clip(

RectangleBuilder.create()

.width(430)

.height(85)

.build()

)

.build()

Notice that the Group is located 50 pixels to the right and 180 pixels down, from where it would have

been located by default. This is due to the values assigned to the layoutX and layoutY variables of the

Group instance. Because this Group is contained directly by the Scene, its upper-left corner’s location is

CHAPTER 1 ■ GETTING A JUMP START IN JAVAFX

15

The layoutX and layoutY properties of the Group just described are examples of our earlier

statement that nodes contained in a Group will be affected by values assigned to properties of the

Group. Another example is setting the opacity property of a Group instance to 0.5, which causes all of

the nodes contained in that Group to become translucent. If the JavaFX API documentation is handy,

look at the properties available in the javafx.scene.Group class. Then look at the properties available in

the javafx.scene.Node class properties, which is where you’ll find the layoutX, layoutY, and opacity

variables that are inherited by the Group class.

Drawing Text

In the previous snippet, notice that several variables are available in the Text class. This particular

example is a little more complicated than the normal use of the Text class. Let’s first look at a typical

case, shown in the following snippet, in which you simply want to draw a string of text characters

somewhere in the scene.

TextBuilder.create()

.layoutX(65)

.layoutY(12)

.textOrigin(VPos.TOP)

.fill(Color.WHITE)

.text("Audio Configuration")

.font(Font.font("SansSerif", FontWeight.BOLD, 20))

.build(),

This snippet, borrowed from the Audio Configuration example in Figure 1-7 and Listing 1-3 later in

this chapter, draws the graphical Text string “Audio Configuration” in a bold Sans Serif font. The font

size is 20, and the color of the text is white.

Referring again to the JavaFX API documentation, notice that the VPos enum (in the javafx.geometry

package) has fields that serve as constants, for example, BASELINE, BOTTOM, and TOP. These control

the origin of the text with respect to vertical locations on the displayed Text:

• The TOP origin, as we’re using it in the previous code snippet, places the top of the

text (including ascenders) at the layoutY position, relative to the co-ordinate space

in which the Text is located.

• The BOTTOM origin would place the bottom of the text, including descenders

(located in a lowercase “g”, for example) at the layoutY position.

• The BASELINE origin would place the baseline of the text (excluding descenders)

at the layoutY position. This is the default value for the textOrigin property of a

Text instance.

While you’re looking at the javafx.scene.text package in the API documentation, take a look at the

font function of the Font class, which is used in the previous snippet to define the font family, weight,

and size of the Text.

CHAPTER 1 ■ GETTING A JUMP START IN JAVAFX

16

Turning back again to the Hello Earthrise example in Listing 1-1, we’re using some additional

properties of the Text class that enable it to flow from one line to the next:

• The wrappingWidth property enables you to specify at what number of pixels the

text will wrap.

• The textAlignment property enables you to control how the text will be justified. In

our example, TextAlignment.JUSTIFY aligns the text on both the left and right

sides, expanding the space between words to achieve that.

The text that we’re displaying is sufficiently long to wrap and be drawn on the Earth, so we need to

define a rectangular region outside of which that text can’t be seen.

Clipping Graphical Areas

To define a clipping area, we assign a Node subclass to the clip property that defines the clipping shape,

in this case a Rectangle that is 430 pixels wide and 85 pixels high. In addition to keeping the Text from

covering the moon, when the Text scrolls up as a result of animation the clipping area keeps the Text

from covering the earth.

Animating the Text to Make It Scroll Up

When the HelloEarthriseMain program is invoked, the Text begins scrolling up slowly. To achieve this

animation, we’re using the TranslateTransition class located in the javafx.animation package, as shown

in the following snippet from Listing 1-1.

TranslateTransition transTransition = TranslateTransitionBuilder.create()

.duration(new Duration(75000))

.node(textRef)

.toY(-820)

.interpolator(Interpolator.LINEAR)

.cycleCount(Timeline.INDEFINITE)

.build();

...code omitted...

// Start the text animation

transTransition.play();

The javafx.animation package contains convenience classes for animating nodes. This

TranslateTransition instance (created by the TranslateTransitionBuilder class) translates the Text node

referenced by the textRef variable from its original Y position of 100 pixels to a Y position of –820 pixels,

over a duration of 75 seconds. The Interpolator.LINEAR constant is assigned to the interpolator

property, which causes the animation to proceed in a linear fashion. A look at the API docs for the

Interpolator class in the javafx.animation package reveals that there are other forms of interpolation

available, one of which is EASE_OUT, which slows down the animation toward the end of the specified

duration.

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