Java EE 7开发指南：探索Java EE平台最新特性

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《Java EE 7指南》是一份详尽的技术文档，面向Java EE 7平台的开发者提供全面的教育资源。发布于2013年6月，该版本的教程包含了Java Enterprise Edition 7（Java EE 7）的众多新特性和最佳实践，帮助开发者理解和掌握这一技术栈的最新进展。 Java EE 7是企业级Java应用开发的标准化框架，它集合了Java的服务器端技术和规范，如Servlet、JSP、EJB、JPA、JSF等，旨在简化企业级应用程序的开发和部署。这份教程覆盖了以下几个关键知识点： 1. **核心组件**：教程深入介绍了Java EE 7的核心组件，包括Servlet 3.1和JSP 2.3的增强特性，它们提供了更灵活、高性能的Web服务支持。此外，EJB 3.2作为企业级Bean的新版本，强调了轻量级和无侵入式编程模型。 2. **持久化与数据访问**：JPA 2.1是主要内容之一，它提供了强大的对象关系映射（ORM）功能，使得开发者可以更容易地管理数据库操作，实现对象持久化。 3. **安全性**：Java EE 7增强了安全模块，包括Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS)和WebSocket的集成，以便更好地保护企业应用免受恶意攻击。 4. **Web服务与RESTful API**：教程详细解释了如何利用Java EE 7构建可扩展的Web服务，以及如何设计和实现RESTful API，以支持现代分布式系统架构。 5. **模块化和容器管理**：Java EE 7引入了模块化系统，使开发者能够按需选择和部署应用中的组件，提高了部署效率和资源利用率。 6. **开发工具与IDE集成**：教程还涵盖了如何在主流集成开发环境（IDE）如Eclipse和IntelliJ IDEA中有效地利用Java EE 7的特性，提高开发效率。 7. **兼容性与升级**：文档会提及Java EE 7与其他Java版本的兼容性，以及迁移策略，帮助开发者平稳过渡到新的技术栈。 8. **版权与许可**：请注意，该教程受Oracle或其关联公司的版权保护，并受到严格的使用和披露限制。未经许可，用户不得擅自复制、修改或公开传播软件及其文档。阅读这份Java EE 7指导手册，开发者将能够深入理解Java EE 7的最新特性和最佳实践，从而更好地构建稳定、高效的企业级应用程序。同时，文档还强调了错误报告的重要性，确保了持续的技术更新和完善。

xvi

20.2.3 Retrieving Localized Messages....................................................................................... 20-3

20.3 Date and Number Formatting................................................................................................ 20-4

20.4 Character Sets and Encodings................................................................................................ 20-4

20.4.1 Character Sets.................................................................................................................... 20-4

20.4.2 Character Encoding.......................................................................................................... 20-5

Part IV Web Services

21 Introduction to Web Services

21.1 What Are Web Services?......................................................................................................... 21-1

21.2 Types of Web Services............................................................................................................. 21-1

21.2.1 "Big" Web Services............................................................................................................ 21-1

21.2.2 RESTful Web Services ...................................................................................................... 21-2

21.3 Deciding Which Type of Web Service to Use ...................................................................... 21-3

22 Building Web Services with JAX-WS

22.1 Creating a Simple Web Service and Clients with JAX-WS ................................................ 22-2

22.1.1 Requirements of a JAX-WS Endpoint............................................................................ 22-2

22.1.2 Coding the Service Endpoint Implementation Class .................................................. 22-3

22.1.3 Building, Packaging, and Deploying the Service......................................................... 22-4

22.1.3.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the Service Using NetBeans IDE...................... 22-4

22.1.3.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the Service Using Maven .................................. 22-4

22.1.4 Testing the Methods of a Web Service Endpoint......................................................... 22-4

22.1.4.1 To Test the Service without a Client....................................................................... 22-4

22.1.5 A Simple JAX-WS Application Client............................................................................ 22-5

22.1.5.1 Coding the Application Client................................................................................. 22-5

22.1.5.2 Running the Application Client .............................................................................. 22-6

22.1.6 A Simple JAX-WS Web Client ........................................................................................ 22-6

22.1.6.1 Coding the Servlet..................................................................................................... 22-6

22.1.6.2 Running the Web Client ........................................................................................... 22-8

22.2 Types Supported by JAX-WS................................................................................................. 22-8

22.2.1 Schema-to-Java Mapping................................................................................................. 22-9

22.2.2 Java-to-Schema Mapping................................................................................................. 22-9

22.3 Web Services Interoperability and JAX-WS....................................................................... 22-10

22.4 Further Information about JAX-WS .................................................................................... 22-10

23 Building RESTful Web Services with JAX-RS

23.1 What Are RESTful Web Services? ......................................................................................... 23-1

23.2 Creating a RESTful Root Resource Class.............................................................................. 23-2

23.2.1 Developing RESTful Web Services with JAX-RS ......................................................... 23-2

23.2.2 Overview of a JAX-RS Application................................................................................ 23-3

23.2.3 The @Path Annotation and URI Path Templates......................................................... 23-5

23.2.4 Responding to HTTP Methods and Requests .............................................................. 23-6

23.2.4.1 The Request Method Designator Annotations...................................................... 23-6

23.2.4.2 Using Entity Providers to Map HTTP Response and Request Entity Bodies... 23-8

23.2.5 Using @Consumes and @Produces to Customize Requests and Responses ........... 23-9

xvii

23.2.5.1 The @Produces Annotation...................................................................................... 23-9

23.2.5.2 The @Consumes Annotation.................................................................................. 23-10

23.2.6 Extracting Request Parameters..................................................................................... 23-11

23.3 Example Applications for JAX-RS....................................................................................... 23-14

23.3.1 Creating A Simple RESTful Web Service.................................................................... 23-14

23.3.1.1 To Create a RESTful Web Service Using NetBeans IDE.................................... 23-14

23.3.2 The rsvp Example Application..................................................................................... 23-15

23.3.2.1 Components of the rsvp Example Application................................................... 23-15

23.3.2.2 Running the rsvp Example Application............................................................... 23-16

23.3.3 Real-World Examples..................................................................................................... 23-17

23.4 Further Information about JAX-RS...................................................................................... 23-17

24 Accessing REST Resources with the JAX-RS Client API

24.1 Overview of the Client API .................................................................................................... 24-1

24.2 Creating a Basic Client Request using the Client API ........................................................ 24-1

24.2.1 Obtaining the Client Instance ......................................................................................... 24-2

24.2.2 Setting the Client Target.................................................................................................. 24-2

24.2.2.1 Setting Path Parameters in Targets......................................................................... 24-2

24.2.3 Invoking the Request ....................................................................................................... 24-3

24.3 Using the Client API in the JAX-RS Example Applications .............................................. 24-4

24.3.1 The Client API in the

rsvp

Example Application ........................................................ 24-4

24.3.2 The Client API in the

customer

Example Application................................................ 24-5

24.4 Advance Features of the Client API...................................................................................... 24-6

24.4.1 Configuring the Client Request...................................................................................... 24-6

24.4.1.1 Setting Message Headers in the Client Request.................................................... 24-6

24.4.1.2 Setting Cookies in the Client Request..................................................................... 24-7

24.4.1.3 Adding Filters to the Client...................................................................................... 24-7

24.4.2 Asynchronous Invocations in the Client API ............................................................... 24-8

24.4.2.1 Using Custom Callbacks in Asynchronous Invocations...................................... 24-9

25 JAX-RS: Advanced Topics and Example

25.1 Annotations for Field and Bean Properties of Resource Classes ...................................... 25-1

25.1.1 Extracting Path Parameters............................................................................................. 25-2

25.1.2 Extracting Query Parameters.......................................................................................... 25-2

25.1.3 Extracting Form Data....................................................................................................... 25-3

25.1.4 Extracting the Java Type of a Request or Response..................................................... 25-3

25.2 Validating Resource Data with Bean Validation................................................................. 25-4

25.2.1 Using Constraint Annotations on Resource Methods................................................. 25-4

25.2.2 Validating Entity Data ..................................................................................................... 25-5

25.2.3 Validation Exception Handling and Response Codes ................................................ 25-6

25.3 Subresources and Runtime Resource Resolution................................................................ 25-7

25.3.1 Subresource Methods....................................................................................................... 25-7

25.3.2 Subresource Locators ....................................................................................................... 25-7

25.4 Integrating JAX-RS with EJB Technology and CDI ............................................................ 25-8

25.5 Conditional HTTP Requests................................................................................................... 25-9

25.6 Runtime Content Negotiation.............................................................................................. 25-10

xviii

25.7 Using JAX-RS With JAXB ..................................................................................................... 25-11

25.7.1 Using Java Objects to Model Your Data...................................................................... 25-13

25.7.2 Starting from an Existing XML Schema Definition ................................................... 25-14

25.7.3 Using JSON with JAX-RS and JAXB ............................................................................ 25-16

25.8 The customer Example Application.................................................................................... 25-16

25.8.1 Overview of the customer Example Application....................................................... 25-17

25.8.2 The Customer and Address Entity Classes................................................................. 25-17

25.8.3 The CustomerService Class........................................................................................... 25-19

25.8.4 Using the JAX-RS Client in the CustomerBean Classes............................................ 25-21

25.8.5 Running the customer Example ................................................................................... 25-22

25.8.5.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the customer Example Using NetBeans IDE 25-22

25.8.5.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the customer Example Using Maven ............ 25-22

Part V Enterprise Beans

26 Enterprise Beans

26.1 What Is an Enterprise Bean?................................................................................................... 26-1

26.1.1 Benefits of Enterprise Beans............................................................................................ 26-1

26.1.2 When to Use Enterprise Beans........................................................................................ 26-2

26.1.3 Types of Enterprise Beans ............................................................................................... 26-2

26.2 What Is a Session Bean? .......................................................................................................... 26-2

26.2.1 Types of Session Beans..................................................................................................... 26-2

26.2.1.1 Stateful Session Beans............................................................................................... 26-2

26.2.1.2 Stateless Session Beans.............................................................................................. 26-3

26.2.1.3 Singleton Session Beans............................................................................................ 26-3

26.2.2 When to Use Session Beans............................................................................................. 26-3

26.3 What Is a Message-Driven Bean? .......................................................................................... 26-4

26.3.1 What Makes Message-Driven Beans Different from Session Beans?........................ 26-4

26.3.2 When to Use Message-Driven Beans............................................................................. 26-5

26.4 Accessing Enterprise Beans.................................................................................................... 26-5

26.4.1 Using Enterprise Beans in Clients .................................................................................. 26-6

26.4.1.1 Portable JNDI Syntax ................................................................................................ 26-6

26.4.2 Deciding on Remote or Local Access............................................................................. 26-7

26.4.3 Local Clients ...................................................................................................................... 26-7

26.4.3.1 Accessing Local Enterprise Beans Using the No-Interface View ....................... 26-8

26.4.3.2 Accessing Local Enterprise Beans That Implement Business Interfaces........... 26-8

26.4.4 Remote Clients .................................................................................................................. 26-9

26.4.5 Web Service Clients........................................................................................................ 26-10

26.4.6 Method Parameters and Access.................................................................................... 26-10

26.4.6.1 Isolation..................................................................................................................... 26-10

26.4.6.2 Granularity of Accessed Data................................................................................ 26-10

26.5 The Contents of an Enterprise Bean.................................................................................... 26-11

26.6 Naming Conventions for Enterprise Beans........................................................................ 26-11

26.7 The Lifecycles of Enterprise Beans...................................................................................... 26-11

26.7.1 The Lifecycle of a Stateful Session Bean...................................................................... 26-11

26.7.2 The Lifecycle of a Stateless Session Bean .................................................................... 26-12

26.7.3 The Lifecycle of a Singleton Session Bean................................................................... 26-13

xix

26.7.4 The Lifecycle of a Message-Driven Bean..................................................................... 26-13

26.8 Further Information about Enterprise Beans..................................................................... 26-14

27 Getting Started with Enterprise Beans

27.1 Creating the Enterprise Bean.................................................................................................. 27-1

27.1.1 Coding the Enterprise Bean Class .................................................................................. 27-1

27.1.2 Creating the converter Web Client................................................................................. 27-2

27.1.3 Running the converter Example..................................................................................... 27-3

27.1.3.1 To Run the converter Example in NetBeans IDE.................................................. 27-3

27.1.3.2 To Run the converter Example Using Maven ....................................................... 27-3

27.2 Modifying the Java EE Application....................................................................................... 27-4

27.2.1 To Modify a Class File...................................................................................................... 27-4

28 Running the Enterprise Bean Examples

28.1 The cart Example...................................................................................................................... 28-1

28.1.1 The Business Interface...................................................................................................... 28-2

28.1.2 Session Bean Class............................................................................................................ 28-2

28.1.2.1 Lifecycle Callback Methods ..................................................................................... 28-4

28.1.2.2 Business Methods...................................................................................................... 28-4

28.1.3 The @Remove Method ..................................................................................................... 28-5

28.1.4 Helper Classes................................................................................................................... 28-5

28.1.5 Running the cart Example............................................................................................... 28-5

28.1.5.1 To Run the cart Example Using NetBeans IDE..................................................... 28-6

28.1.5.2 To Run the cart Example Using Maven ................................................................. 28-6

28.2 A Singleton Session Bean Example: counter........................................................................ 28-7

28.2.1 Creating a Singleton Session Bean ................................................................................. 28-7

28.2.1.1 Initializing Singleton Session Beans........................................................................ 28-7

28.2.1.2 Managing Concurrent Access in a Singleton Session Bean................................. 28-8

28.2.1.3 Handling Errors in a Singleton Session Bean...................................................... 28-11

28.2.2 The Architecture of the counter Example ................................................................... 28-11

28.2.3 Running the counter Example ...................................................................................... 28-13

28.2.3.1 To Run the counter Example Using NetBeans IDE............................................ 28-13

28.2.3.2 To Run the counter Example Using Maven......................................................... 28-13

28.3 A Web Service Example: helloservice................................................................................. 28-14

28.3.1 The Web Service Endpoint Implementation Class .................................................... 28-14

28.3.2 Stateless Session Bean Implementation Class............................................................. 28-14

28.3.3 Running the helloservice Example............................................................................... 28-15

28.3.3.1 To Build, Package, and Deploy the helloservice Example Using NetBeans IDE........

28-15

28.3.3.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the helloservice Example Using Maven........ 28-15

28.3.3.3 To Test the Service without a Client..................................................................... 28-15

28.4 Using the Timer Service........................................................................................................ 28-16

28.4.1 Creating Calendar-Based Timer Expressions............................................................. 28-16

28.4.1.1 Specifying Multiple Values in Calendar Expressions........................................ 28-17

28.4.2 Programmatic Timers..................................................................................................... 28-18

28.4.2.1 The @Timeout Method ........................................................................................... 28-18

28.4.2.2 Creating Programmatic Timers............................................................................. 28-19

28.4.3 Automatic Timers ........................................................................................................... 28-20

28.4.4 Canceling and Saving Timers ....................................................................................... 28-20

28.4.5 Getting Timer Information............................................................................................ 28-21

28.4.6 Transactions and Timers................................................................................................ 28-21

28.4.7 The timersession Example............................................................................................. 28-21

28.4.8 Running the timersession Example.............................................................................. 28-23

28.4.8.1 To Run the timersession Example Using NetBeans IDE ................................... 28-24

28.4.8.2 To Build, Package, and Deploy the timersession Example Using Maven ...... 28-24

28.4.8.3 To Run the Web Client............................................................................................ 28-24

28.5 Handling Exceptions ............................................................................................................. 28-24

29 Using the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container

29.1 Overview of the Embedded Enterprise Bean Container.................................................... 29-1

29.2 Developing Embeddable Enterprise Bean Applications.................................................... 29-1

29.2.1 Running Embedded Applications.................................................................................. 29-2

29.2.2 Creating the Enterprise Bean Container........................................................................ 29-2

29.2.2.1 Explicitly Specifying Enterprise Bean Modules to be Initialized ....................... 29-3

29.2.3 Looking Up Session Bean References ............................................................................ 29-3

29.2.4 Shutting Down the Enterprise Bean Container............................................................ 29-3

29.3 The standalone Example Application................................................................................... 29-4

29.3.1 Runing the standalone Example Application in NetBeans IDE ................................ 29-5

29.3.2 Running the standalone Example Application using Maven .................................... 29-5

30 Using Asynchronous Method Invocation in Session Beans

30.1 Asynchronous Method Invocation........................................................................................ 30-1

30.1.1 Creating an Asynchronous Business Method .............................................................. 30-1

30.1.2 Calling Asynchronous Methods from Enterprise Bean Clients................................. 30-2

30.1.2.1 Retrieving the Final Result from an Asynchronous Method Invocation .......... 30-2

30.1.2.2 Cancelling an Asynchronous Method Invocation ................................................ 30-3

30.1.2.3 Checking the Status of an Asynchronous Method Invocation ........................... 30-3

30.2 The async Example Application ............................................................................................ 30-3

30.2.1 Architecture of the async Example Application .......................................................... 30-3

30.2.2 Running the async Example............................................................................................ 30-4

30.2.2.1 To Configure the Keystore and Truststore in GlassFish Server ......................... 30-4

30.2.2.2 To Run the async Example Application Using NetBeans IDE............................ 30-5

30.2.2.3 To Run the async Example Application Using Maven........................................ 30-6

Part VI Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE

31 Introduction to Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE

31.1 Getting Started.......................................................................................................................... 31-2

31.2 Overview of CDI...................................................................................................................... 31-3

31.3 About Beans.............................................................................................................................. 31-4

31.4 About CDI Managed Beans.................................................................................................... 31-4

31.5 Beans as Injectable Objects...................................................................................................... 31-5

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