IEEE 802.11ac-2013标准：6GHz以下超高速无线局域网增强

802.11ac2013

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"IEEE Std 802.11ac-2013 是一份由IEEE（电气和电子工程师协会）发布的无线局域网（WLAN）标准，专注于提高在6GHz以下频段的极高吞吐量。这个标准是IEEE 802.11系列的一部分，特别是针对MAC（介质访问控制）和PHY（物理层）规格的修订，旨在提升Wi-Fi网络的速度和性能。这份文档是英文版的PDF文件。" IEEE Std 802.11ac-2013是2013年发布的一个重要更新，它对原有的802.11标准进行了增强，引入了多种技术来显著提升无线网络的数据传输速度。以下是一些关键知识点： 1. **非常高的吞吐量（Very High Throughput, VHT）**：802.11ac标准的目标是在5GHz和2.4GHz频段提供比802.11n更高的数据速率。最大理论速度可达1Gbps以上，甚至在某些配置下可超过1.3Gbps，显著提升了家庭和企业网络的性能。 2. **多输入多输出（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO）技术**：802.11ac标准支持更高级别的MIMO，最多可以使用8个空间流，而802.11n只支持4个。这通过同时发送和接收多个数据流增加了无线链路的容量。 3. **更宽的频道带宽**：802.11ac引入了80MHz和160MHz的频道宽度，相比802.11n的40MHz，极大地提高了数据传输速率。 4. **波束成形（Beamforming）**：这项技术增强了信号的定向性，使得无线信号能够更有效地指向设备，而不是均匀广播，从而减少了干扰并提高了传输效率。 5. **高阶调制**：802.11ac采用了256-QAM（Quadrature Amplitude Modulation），相比于802.11n的64-QAM，能在一个符号中传输更多的信息位，进一步提高了数据传输速率。 6. **兼容性和向后兼容性**：尽管802.11ac提供了更高的速度，但它设计时考虑了与早期802.11标准的兼容性，尤其是802.11n，确保新旧设备可以共同工作。此外，此标准还包含了对802.11ae、802.11aa和802.11ad等其他修正案的修订，这些修正案可能涉及安全增强、服务质量（QoS）优化以及60GHz频段的超高速无线通信等特性。 IEEE Std 802.11ac-2013是无线通信领域的重要里程碑，它推动了Wi-Fi技术的发展，使得家庭和企业网络能够支持更高带宽的应用，如高清视频流、在线游戏和大数据传输，极大地提升了用户体验。

8.5.4 DLS Action frame details............................................................................................ 106

8.5.4.2 DLS Request frame format........................................................................ 106

8.5.4.3 DLS Response frame format ..................................................................... 106

8.5.8 Public Action details.................................................................................................... 106

8.5.8.3 Measurement Pilot frame format............................................................... 106

8.5.8.7 Extended Channel Switch Announcement frame format .......................... 107

8.5.8.16 TDLS Discovery Response frame format ................................................. 107

8.5.13 TDLS Action frame details.......................................................................................... 108

8.5.13.2 TDLS Setup Request Action field format ................................................. 108

8.5.13.3 TDLS Setup Response Action field format............................................... 108

8.5.13.4 TDLS Setup Confirm Action field format................................................. 109

8.5.13.7 TDLS Channel Switch Request Action field format ................................. 109

8.5.14 WNM Action fields ..................................................................................................... 110

8.5.14.24 Channel Usage Response frame format..................................................... 110

8.5.16 Self-protected Action frame details............................................................................. 110

8.5.16.2 Mesh Peering Open frame format ............................................................. 110

8.5.16.3 Mesh Peering Confirm frame format......................................................... 111

8.5.23 VHT Action frame details ........................................................................................... 111

8.5.23.1 VHT Action field....................................................................................... 111

8.5.23.2 VHT Compressed Beamforming frame format ......................................... 112

8.5.23.3 Group ID Management frame format........................................................ 112

8.5.23.4 Operating Mode Notification frame format............................................... 113

8.6 Aggregate MPDU (A-MPDU)................................................................................................... 113

8.6.1 A-MPDU format.......................................................................................................... 113

8.6.3 A-MPDU contents ....................................................................................................... 116

9. MAC sublayer functional description................................................................................................... 118

9.2 MAC architecture ...................................................................................................................... 118

9.2.1 General......................................................................................................................... 118

9.2.4 Hybrid coordination function (HCF)........................................................................... 118

9.2.4.1 General....................................................................................................... 118

9.2.4.2 HCF contention-based channel access (EDCA)........................................ 119

9.2.7 Fragmentation/defragmentation overview................................................................... 119

9.3 DCF............................................................................................................................................ 120

9.3.1 General......................................................................................................................... 120

9.3.2 Procedures common to both DCF and EDCAF........................................................... 120

9.3.2.3 IFS ............................................................................................................. 120

9.3.2.5a VHT RTS procedure.................................................................................. 121

9.3.2.6 CTS and DMG CTS procedure ................................................................. 121

9.3.2.7 Dual CTS protection.................................................................................. 122

9.3.2.9a MU acknowledgment procedure ............................................................... 122

9.3.4 DCF access procedure ................................................................................................. 124

9.3.4.4 Recovery procedures and retransmit limits ............................................... 124

9.3.7 DCF timing relations ................................................................................................... 124

9.5 Fragmentation ............................................................................................................................ 124

9.7 Multirate support........................................................................................................................ 125

9.7.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................... 125

9.7.4 Basic Rate Set and Basic MCS Set for mesh STA ...................................................... 125

9.7.5 Rate selection for data and management frames ......................................................... 125

9.7.5.3 Rate selection for other group addressed data and management frames ... 125

9.7.5.5a Rate selection for data frames sent within an FMS stream ....................... 125

9.7.5.6 Rate selection for other individually addressed

data and management

frames ........................................................................................................ 126

9.7.6 Rate selection for control frames................................................................................. 127

9.7.6.1 General rules for rate selection for control frames .................................... 127

9.7.6.2 Rate selection for control frames that initiate a TXOP ............................. 128

9.7.6.4 Rate selection for control frames that are not control response frames..... 128

9.7.6.5 Rate selection for control response frames................................................ 129

9.7.6.6 Channel Width selection for control frames.............................................. 132

9.7.8 Modulation classes ...................................................................................................... 134

9.7.9 Non-HT basic rate calculation..................................................................................... 135

9.7.10 Channel Width in non-HT and non-HT duplicate PPDUs .......................................... 135

9.7.11 Rate selection constraints for VHT STAs ................................................................... 136

9.7.11.1 Rx Supported VHT-MCS and NSS Set..................................................... 136

9.7.11.2 Tx Supported VHT-MCS and NSS Set ..................................................... 136

9.7.11.3 Additional rate selection constraints for VHT PPDUs.............................. 137

9.9 HT Control field operation ........................................................................................................ 138

9.11 A-MSDU operation.................................................................................................................... 138

9.12 A-MPDU operation.................................................................................................................... 139

9.12.2 A-MPDU length limit rules ......................................................................................... 139

9.12.3 Minimum MPDU Start Spacing field.......................................................................... 140

9.12.4 A-MPDU aggregation of group addressed data frames............................................... 140

9.12.5 Transport of A-MPDU by the PHY data service......................................................... 141

9.12.6 A-MPDU padding for VHT PPDU ............................................................................. 141

9.12.7 Setting the EOF field of the MPDU delimiter............................................................. 142

9.12.8 Transport of VHT single MPDUs ............................................................................... 143

9.15 STBC operation ......................................................................................................................... 143

9.16 Short GI operation ..................................................................................................................... 143

9.17a Group ID and partial AID in VHT PPDUs................................................................................ 145

9.18 Operation across regulatory domains ........................................................................................ 146

9.18.5 Operation with operating classes and the VHT Transmit Power Envelope element

... 146

9.19 HCF............................................................................................................................................ 147

9.19.2 HCF contention-based channel access (EDCA).......................................................... 147

9.19.2.2 EDCA TXOPs ........................................................................................... 147

9.19.2.3 Obtaining an EDCA TXOP ....................................................................... 148

9.19.2.3a Sharing an EDCA TXOP........................................................................... 149

9.19.2.4 Multiple frame transmission in an EDCA TXOP...................................... 149

9.19.2.5 EDCA backoff procedure .......................................................................... 151

9.19.2.6 Retransmit procedures ............................................................................... 153

9.19.2.7 Truncation of a TXOP ............................................................................... 154

9.19.2.8 EDCA channel access in a VHT BSS ....................................................... 154

9.19.3 HCCA .......................................................................................................................... 155

9.19.3.2 HCCA procedure ....................................................................................... 155

9.19.3.5 HCCA transfer rules .................................................................................. 155

9.21 Block Acknowledgment (Block Ack)........................................................................................ 156

9.21.10 GCR Block Ack........................................................................................................... 156

9.21.10.3 GCR Block Ack BlockAckReq and BlockAck frame exchanges ............. 156

9.23 Protection mechanisms .............................................................................................................. 156

9.23.5 L-SIG TXOP protection .............................................................................................. 156

9.23.5.3 L-SIG TXOP protection rules at the TXOP responder.............................. 156

9.23.6 Protection Rules for VHT STAs.................................................................................. 156

9.25 Reverse Direction Protocol........................................................................................................ 156

9.25.1 Reverse direction (RD) exchange sequence ................................................................ 156

9.25.3 Rules for RD initiator .................................................................................................. 157

9.25.4 Rules for responder...................................................................................................... 157

9.26 PSMP operation ......................................................................................................................... 157

9.26.1 Frame transmission mechanism during PSMP............................................................ 157

9.26.1.2 PSMP downlink transmission (PSMP-DTT)............................................. 157

9.27 Sounding PPDUs ....................................................................................................................... 158

9.28 Link adaptation .......................................................................................................................... 158

9.28.2 Link adaptation using the HT variant

HT Control field .............................................. 158

9.28.3 Link adaptation using the VHT variant HT Control field ........................................... 159

9.29 Transmit beamforming .............................................................................................................. 162

9.29.1 General

HT steering matrix calculations ..................................................................... 162

9.29.2 HT t

Transmit beamforming with implicit feedback.................................................... 162

9.29.2.1 General....................................................................................................... 162

9.29.2.3 Bidirectional implicit transmit beamforming ............................................ 164

9.29.2.4 Calibration ................................................................................................. 164

9.29.3 Explicit feedback beamforming................................................................................... 164

9.29.4 VHT MU beamforming ............................................................................................... 165

9.30 Antenna selection (ASEL)......................................................................................................... 165

9.30.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 165

9.31 Null data packet (NDP) sounding.............................................................................................. 165

9.31.1 NDP rules .................................................................................................................... 165

9.31.2 Transmission of an HT

NDP ....................................................................................... 167

9.31.3 Determination of HT

NDP destination........................................................................ 167

9.31.4 Determination of HT

NDP source ............................................................................... 167

9.31.5 VHT sounding protocol............................................................................................... 168

9.31.5.1 General....................................................................................................... 168

9.31.5.2 Rules for VHT sounding protocol sequences ............................................ 168

9.31.5.3 Rules for fragmented feedback in VHT sounding protocol sequences ..... 172

9.31.6 Transmission of a VHT NDP ...................................................................................... 173

10. MLME .................................................................................................................................................. 174

10.1 Synchronization ......................................................................................................................... 174

10.1.3 Maintaining synchronization ....................................................................................... 174

10.1.3.2 Beacon generation in non-DMG infrastructure networks ......................... 174

10.2 Power management.................................................................................................................... 174

10.2.1 Power management in a non-DMG infrastructure network ........................................ 174

10.2.1.17 TIM broadcast............................................................................................ 174

10.2.1.19 VHT TXOP power save ............................................................................ 175

10.3 STA authentication and association........................................................................................... 176

10.3.5 Association, reassociation, and disassociation ............................................................ 176

10.3.5.3 PCP/AP association receipt procedures..................................................... 176

10.3.5.5 PCP/AP reassociation receipt procedures.................................................. 176

10.8 TPC procedures.......................................................................................................................... 176

10.8.2 Association based on transmit power capability ......................................................... 176

10.8.3a Interpretation of transmit power capability ................................................................. 177

10.8.4 Specification of regulatory and local maximum transmit power levels ...................... 177

10.9 DFS procedures.......................................................................................................................... 178

10.9.3 Quieting channels for testing....................................................................................... 178

10.11 Radio measurement procedures................................................................................................. 179

10.11.9 Specific measurement usage........................................................................................ 179

10.11.9.1 Beacon Report ........................................................................................... 179

10.11.9.3 Channel Load Report................................................................................. 180

10.11.9.4 Noise Histogram Report ............................................................................ 181

10.11.18AP Channel Report...................................................................................................... 181

10.15 20/40 MHz BSS operation......................................................................................................... 181

10.15.2 Basic 20/40 MHz BSS functionality ........................................................................... 181

10.15.8 Support for DSSS/CCK in 40 MHz............................................................................. 182

10.15.9 STA CCA sensing in a 20/40 MHz BSS ..................................................................... 182

10.15.12Switching between 40 MHz and 20 MHz ................................................................... 182

10.16 Phased coexistence operation (PCO).........................................................................................182

10.16.1 General description of PCO......................................................................................... 182

10.17 20/40 BSS Coexistence Management frame usage ................................................................... 183

10.22 Tunneled direct link setup.......................................................................................................... 183

10.22.1 General......................................................................................................................... 183

10.22.6 TDLS channel switching ............................................................................................. 184

10.22.6.3 TDLS channel switching and power saving .............................................. 184

10.22.6.4 Setting up a wide bandwidth off-channel direct link................................. 184

10.25 Quality-of-Service management frame (QMF) ......................................................................... 185

10.25.1 General......................................................................................................................... 185

10.25.1.2 Default QMF policy................................................................................... 185

10.39 VHT BSS operation................................................................................................................... 186

10.39.1 Basic VHT BSS functionality...................................................................................... 186

10.39.2 Channel selection methods for a VHT BSS ................................................................ 187

10.39.3 Scanning requirements for VHT STA ......................................................................... 188

10.39.4 Channel switching methods for a VHT BSS ............................................................... 188

10.39.5 NAV assertion in a VHT BSS ..................................................................................... 191

10.39.6 VHT STA antenna indication ...................................................................................... 191

10.39.7 BSS basic VHT-MCS and NSS set operation ............................................................. 191

10.40 Group ID management operation ..............................................................................................191

10.41 Notification of operating mode changes.................................................................................... 192

11. Security................................................................................................................................................. 195

11.4 RSNA confidentiality and integrity protocols ........................................................................... 195

11.4.3 CTR with CBC-MAC Protocol (CCMP)..................................................................... 195

11.4.3.1 General....................................................................................................... 195

11.4.3.2 CCMP MPDU format................................................................................ 195

11.4.3.3 CCMP cryptographic encapsulation.......................................................... 196

11.4.3.4 CCMP decapsulation ................................................................................. 196

11.4.4 Broadcast/Multicast Integrity Protocol (BIP).............................................................. 196

11.4.4.1 BIP overview ............................................................................................. 196

11.4.4.5 BIP transmission........................................................................................ 197

11.4.4.6 BIP reception ............................................................................................. 197

11.4.5 GCM with Galois Message Authentication Code (GMAC) Protocol (GCMP) .......... 198

11.4.5.1 GCMP overview ........................................................................................ 198

11.5 RSNA security association management................................................................................... 198

11.5.3 RSNA policy selection in an ESS................................................................................ 198

11.5.5 RSNA policy selection in an IBSS and for DLS ......................................................... 198

11.5.7 RSNA policy selection in an MBSS............................................................................ 199

11.6 Keys and key distribution .......................................................................................................... 199

11.6.1 Key hierarchy .............................................................................................................. 199

11.6.1.2 PRF ............................................................................................................ 199

11.6.1.3 Pairwise key hierarchy............................................................................... 200

11.6.1.7 FT key hierarchy........................................................................................ 202

11.6.2 EAPOL-Key frames .................................................................................................... 204

11.6.3 EAPOL-Key frame construction and processing ........................................................ 205

11.7 Mapping EAPOL keys to IEEE 802.11 keys............................................................................. 205

11.7.7 Mapping IGTK to BIP keys......................................................................................... 205

13. MLME mesh procedures ...................................................................................................................... 206

13.2 Mesh discovery.......................................................................................................................... 206

13.2.4 Mesh STA configuration ............................................................................................. 206

13.2.7 Candidate peer mesh STA ........................................................................................... 206

18. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) PHY specification .......................................... 207

18.2 OFDM PHY specific service parameter list .............................................................................. 207

18.2.2 TXVECTOR parameters ............................................................................................. 207

18.2.2.1 General....................................................................................................... 207

18.2.2.7 TXVECTOR CH_BANDWIDTH_IN_NON_HT .................................... 207

18.2.2.8 TXVECTOR DYN_BANDWIDTH_IN_NON_HT ................................. 207

18.2.3 RXVECTOR parameters ............................................................................................. 208

18.2.3.1 General....................................................................................................... 208

18.2.3.7 RXVECTOR CH_BANDWIDTH_IN_NON_HT .................................... 208

18.2.3.8 RXVECTOR DYN_BANDWIDTH_IN_NON_HT ................................. 208

18.3 OFDM PLCP sublayer............................................................................................................... 208

18.3.2 PLCP frame format...................................................................................................... 208

18.3.2.2 Overview of the PPDU encoding process ................................................. 208

18.3.5 DATA field.................................................................................................................. 209

18.3.5.5 PLCP DATA scrambler and descrambler ................................................. 209

18.3.9 PMD transmit specifications ....................................................................................... 211

18.3.9.3 Transmit spectrum mask............................................................................ 211

18.3.9.7 Modulation accuracy ................................................................................. 211

19. Extended Rate PHY (ERP) specification ............................................................................................. 212

19.3 Extended Rate PLCP sublayer................................................................................................... 212

19.3.3 PLCP data modulation and rate change....................................................................... 212

19.3.3.4 Long and short DSSS-OFDM PLCP format ............................................. 212

20. High Throughput (HT) PHY specification........................................................................................... 213

20.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................ 213

20.1.1 Introduction to the HT PHY ........................................................................................ 213

20.3 HT PLCP sublayer..................................................................................................................... 213

20.3.10 Transmission of NON_HT format PPDUs with more than one antenna

transmit

chain............................................................................................................................. 213

20.3.11 Data field ..................................................................................................................... 213

20.3.11.3 Scrambler................................................................................................... 213

20.3.20 PMD transmit specification ......................................................................................... 213

20.3.20.1 Transmit spectrum mask............................................................................ 213

20.3.20.7 Modulation accuracy ................................................................................. 213

22. Very High Throughput (VHT) PHY specification ............................................................................... 214

22.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................ 214

22.1.1 Introduction to the VHT PHY ..................................................................................... 214

22.1.2 Scope ........................................................................................................................... 215

22.1.3 VHT PHY functions .................................................................................................... 215

22.1.3.1 General....................................................................................................... 215

22.1.3.2 PHY management entity (PLME) ............................................................. 215

22.1.3.3 Service specification method..................................................................... 215

22.1.4 PPDU formats..............................................................................................................215

22.2 VHT PHY service interface....................................................................................................... 216

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