Java 9实现分布式计算：优化应用分布

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在Java 9中实现分布式计算是一项关键技能，尤其是在当今高度依赖云计算和大数据处理的IT环境中。本章深入探讨了如何利用Java 9的新特性和工具来构建、部署和管理分布式应用程序。"Distributed Computing in Java 9"一书由Raja Malleswara Rao Pattamsetti撰写，它旨在帮助读者理解并充分利用Java语言在分布式系统中的潜力。首先，Java 9引入了模块化系统（Modular System），这对于分布式应用的组织和管理至关重要。通过将应用程序分解为独立的模块，可以简化部署，减少依赖冲突，并提高代码复用性。这使得开发者能够更有效地管理大型分布式系统的组件和服务，提升整体系统的稳定性和可维护性。其次，Java 9增强了网络编程能力，如NIO 2.0（New I/O）和Java Network Programming API（Java NIO）的改进，提供了更快、更高效的网络通信。这些更新使得创建高性能的分布式服务和消息传递机制变得更加容易，有助于构建可扩展的微服务架构。 Java 9也支持Java的服务器端组件，如Java Servlets和Java Server Pages (JSP)，它们在分布式环境中的表现得到了优化。WebSocket API的增强使得实时通信在分布式系统中更加顺畅，这对于构建实时协作应用或实时数据处理场景非常有用。此外，本书还将涉及使用Java的并发库，如CompletableFuture，它为异步编程提供了强大的工具，有助于在分布式系统中处理并发任务和错误处理。这对于分布式应用的并行处理和容错能力有着显著提升。安全是分布式计算的重要考虑因素，Java 9引入了新的TLS（Transport Layer Security）库，提高了网络通信的安全性。同时，本书还会讲解如何使用Java的SecurityManager来控制访问权限，确保在分布式环境中的数据安全。最后，本书还会涵盖如何在Java 9中部署和管理分布式应用，包括使用容器技术（如Docker）以及与云平台（如AWS、Azure）的集成。这对于理解和操作分布式系统在生产环境中的部署策略至关重要。 "Distributed Computing in Java 9"是一本实用的指南，它结合了最新的Java特性，帮助读者掌握在现代IT环境中设计、开发和维护高效、可靠且安全的分布式应用程序的关键技能。无论你是Java开发者还是系统架构师，这本书都将是你提升分布式计算能力的宝贵资源。

Preface

[ 3 ]

Who this book is for

This book has been tested on people who have decent programming knowledge of Java.

They picked up going through the chapters with practice, and in the end, they had a

thorough knowledge of distributed computing and the design aspects of distributed

computing. In this book, you will learn some tricks and tips that you probably didn’t know

about, or some wise suggestions that will help you along the way.

This book, if followed from cover to cover, will turn you into a proficient distributed system

architecture expert. On the other hand, if you already are, it provides a good reference for

many different features and techniques that may come in handy from time to time. Finally,

this book is also a valid migration guide if you have already experimented with distributed

system concepts and you feel overwhelmed by change.

Conventions

In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds

of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions,

pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "We can

include other contexts using the JODMVEF directive." A block of code is set as follows:

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When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines

or items are set in bold:

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//Comments for the below statement System.out.println(“Distributed

//computing with Java 9”);

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

# cp /usr/src/main/java/distributed/target/Component.class

/etc/distributed/classes/Component.class

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for

example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: "In order to download new

modules, we will go to Files | Settings | Project Name | Project Interpreter."

Preface

[ 5 ]

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Errata

Although we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy of our content, mistakes do

happen. If you find a mistake in one of our books-maybe a mistake in the text or the code-

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appreciate your help in protecting our authors and our ability to bring you valuable

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Questions

If you have a problem with any aspect of this book, you can contact us at

RVFTUJPOT!QBDLUQVCDPN, and we will do our best to address the problem.

Quick Start to Distributed Computing

[ 7 ]

Let's begin our discussion by remembering the great Charles Babbage, considered to be the

"father of the computer", who originated the concept of a programmable computer. He, who

was an English mechanical engineer and polymath, conceptualized and invented the first

mechanical computer in the early 19th century. While Alan Turing introduced the principle

of the modern computer in 1936, modern digital computers were heralded to the world in

the 1940s, and the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was among the

earliest electronic general-purpose computers made. From there on, computers have

evolved to be faster and cheaper at an astonishing rate, along with the operating systems,

programming languages, and so on. The computers with such faster processing capacity

were called supercomputers and used to occupy more than one big room years ago. Today,

we have multicore processing capacity computers such as minicomputers and

mobiles/smart phones, which can be carried in a pocket and are able to do most of jobs

humans need in day-to-day life.

While a computer may be regarded as executing one gigantic program stored in its main

memory, in some computers, it is necessary to have the capacity of executing several

programs concurrently. This is achieved through multitasking; that is, the computer is

enabled to switch rapidly between multiple executing programs to show them running

simultaneously.

Next-generation computers are designed to distribute their process across numerous CPUs

in a multiprocessing configuration. This technique was earlier available in huge and

commanding computers, such as supercomputers, servers, and mainframe computers.

Nowadays, such multiprocessor and multicore capabilities are extensively available on

personal computers and laptops.

Although such high-speed computers are demonstrating delightful processing abilities, the

next serious invention that transformed the world of processing was high-speed computer

networking. This technique permitted an enormous number of computers to interact and

established the next level of processing. The incredible fact about networked computers is

that they can be placed geographically either within the same location connected as Local

Area Network (LAN) or be situated across continents and connected as Wide Area

Network (WAN).

Today, a new computer/smartphone is definitely expected to have multiprocessor/multicore

capacity at an affordably low cost. Besides, the trend has changed from CPU to Graphics

Processing Unit (GPU), also called as Visual Processing Unit (VPU), which can be installed

in personal computers, mobile phones, workstations, embedded systems, and gaming

consoles. Recent GPUs are very capable of computer graphics manipulation and image

processing, and they are more efficient than general-purpose CPUs due to their highly

parallel assembly.

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