微软官方出版的互联网与网络词典：3000个常用术语解释

需积分: 10 98 浏览量更新于2024-07-26 收藏 1.15MB PDF 举报

计算机网络和互联网词典微软权威出版的《Microsoft Internet & Networking Dictionary》是计算机网络和互联网领域的权威词典，收录了3000余个专业术语的定义和解释。该词典涵盖了计算机网络和互联网相关的各种技术概念、协议、标准、设备、应用程序等方面的知识。在计算机网络和互联网领域，了解专业术语和概念是非常重要的。该词典为读者提供了一个系统的知识框架，帮助读者更好地理解和掌握计算机网络和互联网相关的技术知识。词典的内容涵盖了从基本概念到高级技术的所有方面，包括网络协议、网络设备、网络安全、Internet应用、网络管理等。该词典还收录了许多专门的术语和概念，如网络地址、域名系统、网络协议、网络架构等。通过该词典，读者可以学习到计算机网络和互联网的基本概念，如IP地址、子网掩码、网络协议、路由器、交换机、防火墙等。此外，该词典还介绍了许多高级技术，如网络安全、加密技术、身份验证、访问控制等。该词典的出版对计算机网络和互联网领域的发展产生了积极的影响，为读者提供了一个系统的知识框架，帮助读者更好地理解和掌握计算机网络和互联网相关的技术知识。在该词典中，我们可以看到许多重要的计算机网络和互联网相关的技术概念，如： * 网络协议：TCP/IP、UDP、HTTP、FTP、SMTP等 * 网络设备：路由器、交换机、防火墙、服务器等 * 网络安全：身份验证、访问控制、加密技术、防火墙等 * Internet应用：电子邮件、即时通信、网络游戏、电子商务等 * 网络管理：网络监控、网络优化、网络故障诊断等《Microsoft Internet & Networking Dictionary》是计算机网络和互联网领域的权威词典，为读者提供了一个系统的知识框架，帮助读者更好地理解和掌握计算机网络和互联网相关的技术知识。计算机网络和互联网词典

Microsoft Internet & Networking Dictionary

media streams within the file. Rather, it defines a standardized, extensible file “container” that is

not dependent on a particular operating system or communication protocol, or on a particular

method (such as HTML or MPEG-4) used to compose the data stream in the file. An ASF file

consists of three objects: a Header object containing information about the file itself, a Data object

containing the media streams, and an optional Index object that can help support random access

to data within the file. The ASF specification has been submitted to the ISO (International

Organization for Standardization) for consideration. Acronym: ASF. See also streaming.

.aero

n. One of seven new top-level domain names approved in 2000 by the Internet Corporation for

Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). .aero is meant for use with air-transport industry-related

Web sites. The seven new domain names became available for use in the spring of 2001.

AES

n. Acronym for Advanced Encryption Standard. A cryptographic algorithm specified by the

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to protect sensitive information. AES is

specified in three key sizes: 128, 192, and 256 bits. AES replaces the 56-bit key Data Encryption

Standard (DES), which was adopted in 1976. See also DES.

affinity

n. For Network Load Balancing, the method used to associate client requests to cluster hosts.

When no affinity is specified, all network requests are load balanced across the cluster without

respect to their source. Affinity is implemented by directing all client requests from the same IP

address to the same cluster host. See also IP address.

AFIPS

n. Acronym for American Federation of Information Processing Societies. An organization formed

in 1961 for the advancement of computing and information-related concerns. The U.S.

representative of the International Federation of Information Processing, AFIPS was replaced by

the Federation on Computing in the United States (FOCUS) in 1990.

AFP

n. Acronym for AppleTalk Filing Protocol. A remote filing system protocol that provides a standard

means for a workstation on an AppleTalk network to access and manipulate files on an AFP-

implemented server. Also called: AppleShare File Server.

agent

n. 1. A program that performs a background task for a user and reports to the user when the task

is done or some expected event has taken place. 2. A program that searches through archives or

other repositories of information on a topic specified by the user. Agents of this sort are used

most often on the Internet and are generally dedicated to searching a single type of information

repository, such as postings on Usenet groups. Spiders are a type of agent used on the Internet.

Also called: intelligent agent. See also spider. 3. In client/server applications, a process that

mediates between the client and the server. 4. In Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP),

a program that monitors network traffic. See also SNMP.

aggregated links

n. See link aggregation.

aggregation of links

n. See link aggregation.

n. Authentication Header. A form of IP packet authentication included in the IPSec security

standard. AH attaches a header to the packet with authentication information but does not

Microsoft Internet & Networking Dictionary

encrypt the packet data, which allows its use in cases where encryption is not allowed. See also

IPSec.

AIM

n. Acronym for America Online Instant Messenger. A popular instant-messaging service provided

for free by America Online. With the AIM service, instant messages can be sent over an Internet

connection using the AIM software or directly from a Web browser using AIM Express. See also

America Online, instant messaging. Compare ICQ, .NET Messenger Service, Yahoo! Messenger.

AirPort

n. A wireless connectivity option introduced by Apple in 1999. AirPort provides wireless network

and Internet communications to all AirPort card-equipped Macintosh computers within 150 feet of

an AirPort base station. AirPort was developed around the IEEE 802.11 Direct Sequence

Spectrum (DSSS) industry standard and is interoperable with other 802.11-based equipment.

AirSnort

n. A hacking tool used to gather and decrypt passwords in data sent over wireless networks.

AirSnort monitors wireless transmissions and collects packets of data. When it has collected

enough data, AirSnort is able to compute the encryption key used in the transmission. AirSnort

takes advantage of security flaws in the Wired Equivalent Protocol (WEP) standard. See also

password sniffing.

ALB

n. See load balancing.

alias

n. A name used to direct e-mail messages to a person or group of people on a network.

ALOHA

n. See ALOHAnet.

ALOHAnet

n. The first wireless packet-switched network and the first large network to be connected to the

ARPANET. ALOHAnet was built in 1970 at the University of Hawaii by Norm Abramson and was

funded by Larry Roberts. ALOHAnet enabled computers at seven campuses on four different

islands to communicate bidirectionally with the central computer on Oahu using a network of

radio transmitters. The ALOHA protocol was the basis for Ethernet. See also ARPANET,

Ethernet, network.

AltaVista

n. A World Wide Web search site and portal hosted by Digital Equipment Corporation. See also

portal.

alt. newsgroups

n. Internet newsgroups that are part of the alt. (“alternative”) hierarchy and have the prefix alt.

Unlike the seven Usenet newsgroup hierarchies (comp., misc., news., rec., sci., soc., talk.) that

require formal votes among users in the hierarchy before official newsgroups can be established,

anybody can create an alt. newsgroup. Therefore, newsgroups devoted to discussions of obscure

or bizarre topics are generally part of the alt. hierarchy.

always on

n. An Internet connection that is maintained continuously, whether or not the computer user is

online. Always-on connections provide convenience to users who don’t need to dial in or log on to

access the Internet, but also provide more opportunities for hackers to attempt to access the

system or use the computer to spread malicious programs.

Microsoft Internet & Networking Dictionary

American Registry for Internet Numbers

n. See ARIN.

America Online

n. An online information service, based in Vienna, Virginia, that provides e-mail, news,

educational and entertainment services, and Internet access. America Online is one of the largest

American ISPs (Internet service providers). In 2000 America Online merged with media giant

Time Warner Inc. to become AOL Time Warner Inc. Intended for mass-market delivery of

branded content and communication services, the merged companies form a communication and

media conglomerate with the Internet’s largest user base and a wide range of entertainment,

publishing, and cable properties. Acronym: AOL.

America Online Instant Messenger

n. See AIM.

analog

adj. Pertaining to or being a device or signal that is continuously varying in strength or quantity,

such as voltage or audio, rather than based on discrete units, such as the binary digits 1 and 0. A

lighting dimmer switch is an analog device because it is not based on absolute settings. Compare

digital (definition 2).

analog-to-digital converter

n. A device that converts a continuously varying (analog) signal, such as sound or voltage, from a

monitoring instrument to binary code for use by a computer. Acronym: ADC. Also called: A-D

converter. See also modem. Compare digital-to-analog converter.

anchor

n. A tag in an HTML document that defines a section of text, an icon, or other element as a link to

another element in the document or to another document or file. See also hyperlink.

annoybot

n. A bot on an Internet Relay Chat (IRC) channel or a multiuser dungeon (MUD) that interacts

with the user in an obnoxious manner. See also bot, IRC, MUD.

anonymity

n. The ability to send an e-mail message or an article to a newsgroup without one’s identity

becoming known. Ordinarily, the e-mail address of the sender appears automatically in a

message’s header, which is created by the client software. To achieve anonymity, a message

must be sent through an anonymous remaileró which, however, maintains a record of the

sender’s identity to enable replies. See also anonymous remailer.

anonymous

n. On the Internet, the standard login name used to obtain access to a public FTP file archive.

See also anonymous FTP.

anonymous FTP

n. The ability to access a remote computer system on which one does not have an account, via

the Internet’s File Transfer Protocol (FTP). Users have restricted access rights with anonymous

FTP and usually can only copy files to or from a public directory, often named /pub, on the remote

system. Users can also typically use FTP commands, such as listing files and directories. When

using anonymous FTP, the user accesses the remote computer system with an FTP program and

generally uses anonymous or ftp as a logon name. The password is usually the user’s e-mail

address, although a user can often skip giving a password or give a false e-mail address. In other

cases, the password can be the word anonymous. Many FTP sites do not permit anonymous FTP

access in order to maintain security. Those that do permit anonymous FTP sometimes restrict

users to only downloading files for the same reason. See also FTP1 (definition 1), logon, /pub.

Microsoft Internet & Networking Dictionary

anonymous post

n. A message in a newsgroup or mailing list that cannot be traced to its originator. Generally this

is accomplished by using an anonymous server for newsgroup posts or an anonymous remailer

for e-mail. See also anonymous remailer.

anonymous remailer

n. An e-mail server that receives incoming messages, replaces the headers that identify the

original sources of the messages, and sends the messages to their ultimate destinations. The

purpose of an anonymous remailer is to hide the identities of the senders of the e-mail messages.

anonymous server

n. 1. The software used by an anonymous remailer. See also anonymous remailer. 2. Software

that provides anonymous FTP service. See also anonymous FTP.

ANSI

n. 1. Acronym for American National Standards Institute. A voluntary, nonprofit organization of

business and industry groups formed in 1918 for the development and adoption of trade and

communication standards in the United States. ANSI is the American representative of ISO (the

International Organization for Standardization). Among its many concerns, ANSI has developed

recommendations for the use of programming languages including FORTRAN, C, and COBOL,

and various networking technologies. See also SCSI. 2. The Microsoft Windows ANSI character

set. This set is includes ISO 8859/x plus additional characters. This set was originally based on

an ANSI draft standard. The MS-DOS operating system uses the ANSI character set if ANSI.SYS

is installed.

anti-replay

n. An IP packet-level security feature that prevents packets that have been intercepted and

changed from being inserted into the data stream. Anti-replay creates a security association

between a source and destination computer, with each agreeing on a numbering sequence for

transmitted packets. The anti-replay mechanism detects packets tagged with numbers that fall

outside the accepted sequence, discards them, sends an error message, and logs the event. The

anti-replay protocol is included as part of the IPSec standard. See also IPSec.

antivirus program

n. A computer program that scans a computer’s memory and mass storage to identify, isolate,

and eliminate viruses, and that examines incoming files for viruses as the computer receives

them.

anti-worm

n. See automatic patching, do-gooder virus.

anycasting

n. Communication between a single sender and the nearest receiver in a group. In IPv6,

anycasting enables one host to initiate the updating of routing tables for a group of hosts. See

also IPv6. Compare multicasting, unicast.

AOL

n. See America Online.

AOL Instant Messenger

n. See AIM.

AOL NetFind

n. Resident Web-finding tool of America Online (AOL) information service. Searches by keyword

and concept. Using Intelligent Concept Extraction (ICE) and Excite technology, this tool finds

Microsoft Internet & Networking Dictionary

relationships between words and ideas; for example, between “elderly people” and “senior

citizen.” See also Excite, Intelligent Concept Extraction.

Apache

n. A free open-source HTTP (Web) server introduced in 1995 by the Apache Group as an

extension to, and improvement of, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications’ earlier

HTTPd (version 1.3). Apache is popular on UNIX-based systems, including Linux, and also runs

on Windows NT and other operating systems, such as BeOS. Because the server was based on

existing code with a series of patches, it became known as “A Patchy server,” which led to the

official name Apache. See also HTTPd.

Apache Group

n. A non-profit organization of volunteers from around the world that operates and contributes to

the Apache HTTP Server Project.

Apache HTTP Server Project

n. A collaborative effort by the members of the Apache Group to design, develop, and maintain

the Apache HTTP (Web) server. See also Apache, Apache Group.

Apache project

n. See Apache HTTP Server Project.

APNIC

n. Acronym for Asian-Pacific Network Information Center, a nonprofit, voluntary membership

organization covering the Asia/Pacific Rim region. APNIC, like its European counterpart RIPE and

its American counterpart ARIN, devotes itself to matters related to the Internet, among them such

tasks as registering new members, allocating IP addresses, and maintaining database

information. See also ARIN, RIPE.

APPC

n. Acronym for Advanced Program-to-Program Communication. A specification developed as part

of IBM’s SNA (Systems Network Architecture) model and designed to enable applications

programs running on different computers to communicate and exchange data directly. APPC

extends SNA to include minicomputers and PCs.

Apple Filing Protocol

n. See AFP.

applet

n. A program that can be downloaded over the Internet and executed on the recipient’s machine.

Applets are often written in the Java programming language and run within browser software, and

they are typically used to customize or add interactive elements to a Web page.

AppleShare

n. A file server software developed by Apple Computer, Inc., that works with the Mac OS and

allows one Macintosh computer to share files with another on the same network. See also file

server, Mac OS.

AppleTalk

n. An inexpensive local area network developed by Apple Computer, Inc., for Macintosh

computers that can be used by Apple and non-Apple computers to communicate and share

resources such as printers and file servers. Non-Apple computers must be equipped with

AppleTalk hardware and suitable software. The network uses a layered set of protocols similar to

the ISO/OSI reference model and transfers information in the form of packets called frames.

AppleTalk supports connections to other AppleTalk networks through devices known as bridges,

剩余328页未读，继续阅读

txp914

粉丝: 22
资源: 703

微软官方出版的互联网与网络词典：3000个常用术语解释

计算机与网络词典.pdf

计算机与互联网术语词典

微软计算机专业词典（最新版）

Windows 8.1 Administration Pocket Consultant: Storage, Security, & Networking

Data communication & Networking by Forouzon 4e solution

网络简介：Internet的工作方式Introduction to Networking: How the Internet Works

Dictionary of Networking

计算机网络和因特网Computer Networking and the Internet

python_networking:用于与网络设备一起工作的脚本和Python代码，库和实用程序的集合

Networking:网络API

最新资源