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首页SystemVerilog IEEE标准:统一硬件设计与验证语言
SystemVerilog IEEE标准:统一硬件设计与验证语言
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更新于2024-07-18
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IEEE Standard for SystemVerilog,是一个由设计自动化标准委员会(Design Automation Standards Committee, DAC)和IEEE计算机协会(IEEE Computer Society)以及IEEE标准化协会企业顾问组(IEEE Standards Association Corporate Advisory Group)共同赞助的统一硬件设计、规格说明和验证语言的标准。该标准最初于2012年发布,后来在2017年进行了修订,并以IEEE Std 1800™-2017的形式发布。
SystemVerilog作为一款广泛应用于电子系统设计领域的高级硬件描述语言(HDL),旨在提供一套全面且灵活的方法来描述、设计和验证数字电路。它结合了行为级、结构级和组合逻辑描述,使得工程师能够更好地表达设计意图,无论是进行功能验证、静态时序分析,还是设计抽象层次的接口。
这个标准涵盖了关键特性,如模块化设计(Module Declaration),结构化综合(Structural Synthesis),并发与并行处理(Concurrent and Parallel Execution),事件驱动的模拟(Event-Driven Simulation),以及数据类型和数据流操作。它支持高级编程概念,如类和继承(Classes and Inheritance)、接口和包(Interfaces and Packages),以及并发系统的设计(Asynchronous and Sequential Behaviors)。
在SystemVerilog中,用户可以定义自己的数据类型(包括用户定义的数据类型和数据流数据类型),编写测试benches来驱动设计并观察其行为,以及利用assertions进行断言检查,确保设计符合预期。此外,标准还提供了丰富的调试工具,如覆盖分析(Coverage Analysis)和信号追踪(Signal Tracing),帮助开发者深入理解设计的运行情况。
SystemVerilog还强调了可扩展性和一致性,通过模块化设计使得代码易于维护和复用,而严格的语法和语义规则则保证了不同工具之间的互操作性。然而,需要注意的是,使用此标准受限于特定许可,如North University of China的授权,且下载自IEEE Explore的资料可能受到版权和使用限制。
IEEE Standard for SystemVerilog是现代电子设计自动化的重要组成部分,它提供了一个强大的框架,让设计师能够在硬件设计的全生命周期中,从概念到实现,实现高效、精确和可验证的设计。对于从事硬件开发的专业人员而言,掌握SystemVerilog是提高设计效率和质量的关键技能。
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Copyright © 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved.
19.6 Defining cross coverage....................................................................................................... 569
19.7 Specifying coverage options................................................................................................578
19.8 Predefined coverage methods .............................................................................................. 582
19.9 Predefined coverage system tasks and system functions..................................................... 585
19.10 Organization of option and type_option members .............................................................. 585
19.11 Coverage computation ......................................................................................................... 586
20. Utility system tasks and system functions ...................................................................................... 591
20.1 General................................................................................................................................. 591
20.2 Simulation control system tasks .......................................................................................... 592
20.3 Simulation time system functions........................................................................................ 592
20.4 Timescale system tasks........................................................................................................ 594
20.5 Conversion functions ........................................................................................................... 597
20.6 Data query functions............................................................................................................ 598
20.7 Array query functions .......................................................................................................... 600
20.8 Math functions ..................................................................................................................... 603
20.9 Bit vector system functions.................................................................................................. 604
20.10 Severity tasks ....................................................................................................................... 605
20.11 Elaboration system tasks...................................................................................................... 606
20.12 Assertion control system tasks............................................................................................. 608
20.13 Sampled value system functions.......................................................................................... 614
20.14 Coverage system functions .................................................................................................. 615
20.15 Probabilistic distribution functions......................................................................................615
20.16 Stochastic analysis tasks and functions ............................................................................... 617
20.17 Programmable logic array modeling system tasks .............................................................. 619
20.18 Miscellaneous tasks and functions....................................................................................... 623
21. Input/output system tasks and system functions.............................................................................624
21.1 General................................................................................................................................. 624
21.2 Display system tasks............................................................................................................ 624
21.3 File input/output system tasks and system functions........................................................... 635
21.4 Loading memory array data from a file ............................................................................... 645
21.5 Writing memory array data to a file..................................................................................... 649
21.6 Command line input............................................................................................................. 650
21.7 Value change dump (VCD) files ......................................................................................... 653
22. Compiler directives......................................................................................................................... 674
22.1 General.....................................................................................................................
...
......... 674
22.2 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 674
22.3 `resetall................................................................................................................................. 674
22.4 `include ................................................................................................................................ 675
22.5 `define, `undef, and `undefineall .........................................................................................675
22.6 `ifdef, `else, `elsif, `endif, `ifndef ........................................................................................ 681
22.7 `timescale............................................................................................................................. 684
22.8 `default_nettype ................................................................................................................... 685
22.9 `unconnected_drive and `nounconnected_drive .................................................................. 686
Authorized licensed use limited to: North University of China. Downloaded on May 06,2018 at 03:08:47 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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Copyright © 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved.
22.10 `celldefine and `endcelldefine.............................................................................................. 686
22.11 `pragma ................................................................................................................................ 686
22.12 `line ...................................................................................................................................... 687
22.13 `__FILE__ and `__LINE__ ................................................................................................. 688
22.14 `begin_keywords, `end_keywords ....................................................................................... 689
Part Two: Hierarchy Constructs
23. Modules and hierarchy.................................................................................................................... 696
23.1 General................................................................................................................................. 696
23.2 Module definitions............................................................................................................... 696
23.3 Module instances (hierarchy)...............................................................................................708
23.4 Nested modules.................................................................................................................... 719
23.5 Extern modules .................................................................................................................... 720
23.6 Hierarchical names .............................................................................................................. 721
23.7 Member selects and hierarchical names .............................................................................. 725
23.8 Upwards name referencing .................................................................................................. 727
23.9 Scope rules .......................................................................................................................... 729
23.10 Overriding module parameters ............................................................................................ 731
23.11 Binding auxiliary code to scopes or instances..................................................................... 738
24. Programs ......................................................................................................................................... 742
24.1 General................................................................................................................................. 742
24.2 Overview.............................................................................................................................. 742
24.3 The program construct ......................................................................................................... 742
24.4 Eliminating testbench races ................................................................................................. 746
24.5 Blocking tasks in cycle/event mode..................................................................................... 746
24.6 Programwide space and anonymous programs.................................................................... 747
24.7 Program control tasks .......................................................................................................... 747
25. Interfaces......................................................................................................................................... 748
25.1 General................................................................................................................................. 748
25.2 Overview.............................................................................................................................. 748
25.3 Interface syntax.................................................................................................................... 749
25.4 Ports in interfaces........................................................................................................
...
...... 753
25.5 Modports.............................................................................................................................. 754
25.6 Interfaces and specify blocks............................................................................................... 760
25.7 Tasks and functions in interfaces......................................................................................... 761
25.8 Parameterized interfaces ...................................................................................................... 767
25.9 Virtual interfaces.................................................................................................................. 769
25.10 Access to interface objects................................................................................................... 774
26. Packages.......................................................................................................................................... 775
26.1 General................................................................................................................................. 775
26.2 Package declarations............................................................................................................ 775
Authorized licensed use limited to: North University of China. Downloaded on May 06,2018 at 03:08:47 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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Copyright © 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved.
26.3 Referencing data in packages .............................................................................................. 776
26.4 Using packages in module headers...................................................................................... 780
26.5 Search order rules ................................................................................................................ 781
26.6 Exporting imported names from packages .......................................................................... 783
26.7 The std built-in package....................................................................................................... 784
27. Generate constructs......................................................................................................................... 786
27.1 General................................................................................................................................. 786
27.2 Overview.............................................................................................................................. 786
27.3 Generate construct syntax.................................................................................................... 786
27.4 Loop generate constructs ..................................................................................................... 788
27.5 Conditional generate constructs........................................................................................... 792
27.6 External names for unnamed generate blocks ..................................................................... 795
28. Gate-level and switch-level modeling ............................................................................................ 797
28.1 General................................................................................................................................. 797
28.2 Overview.............................................................................................................................. 797
28.3 Gate and switch declaration syntax ..................................................................................... 797
28.4 and, nand, nor, or, xor, and xnor gates................................................................................. 803
28.5 buf and not gates .................................................................................................................. 804
28.6 bufif1, bufif0, notif1, and notif0 gates................................................................................. 805
28.7 MOS switches ...................................................................................................................... 806
28.8 Bidirectional pass switches.................................................................................................. 807
28.9 CMOS switches ................................................................................................................... 808
28.10 pullup and pulldown sources ...............................................................................................809
28.11 Logic strength modeling ...................................................................................................... 809
28.12 Strengths and values of combined signals ........................................................................... 811
28.13 Strength reduction by nonresistive devices ......................................................................... 823
28.14 Strength reduction by resistive devices ............................................................................... 823
28.15 Strengths of net types........................................................................................................... 823
28.16 Gate and net delays .............................................................................................................. 824
29. User-defined primitives .................................................................................................................. 828
29.1 General................................................................................................................................. 828
29.2 Overview.............................................................................................................................. 828
29.3 UDP definition..................................................................................................................... 828
29.4 Combinational UDPs ........................................................................................................... 832
29.5 Level-sensitive sequential UDPs ......................................................................................... 833
29.6 Edge-sensitive sequential UDPs
.
......................................................................................... 833
29.7 Sequential UDP initialization ..............................................................................................834
29.8 UDP instances...................................................................................................................... 836
29.9 Mixing level-sensitive and edge-sensitive descriptions....................................................... 837
29.10 Level-sensitive dominance .................................................................................................. 838
Authorized licensed use limited to: North University of China. Downloaded on May 06,2018 at 03:08:47 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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Copyright © 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved.
30. Specify blocks................................................................................................................................. 839
30.1 General................................................................................................................................. 839
30.2 Overview.............................................................................................................................. 839
30.3 Specify block declaration..................................................................................................... 839
30.4 Module path declarations..................................................................................................... 840
30.5 Assigning delays to module paths ....................................................................................... 849
30.6 Mixing module path delays and distributed delays ............................................................. 853
30.7 Detailed control of pulse filtering behavior......................................................................... 854
31. Timing checks................................................................................................................................. 863
31.1 General................................................................................................................................. 863
31.2 Overview.............................................................................................................................. 863
31.3 Timing checks using a stability window.............................................................................. 866
31.4 Timing checks for clock and control signals ....................................................................... 873
31.5 Edge-control specifiers ........................................................................................................ 882
31.6 Notifiers: user-defined responses to timing violations ........................................................ 883
31.7 Enabling timing checks with conditioned events ................................................................ 885
31.8 Vector signals in timing checks........................................................................................... 886
31.9 Negative timing checks........................................................................................................ 887
32. Backannotation using the standard delay format............................................................................ 892
32.1 General................................................................................................................................. 892
32.2 Overview.............................................................................................................................. 892
32.3 The SDF annotator............................................................................................................... 892
32.4 Mapping of SDF constructs to SystemVerilog .................................................................... 892
32.5 Multiple annotations ............................................................................................................ 897
32.6 Multiple SDF files ............................................................................................................... 898
32.7 Pulse limit annotation .......................................................................................................... 898
32.8 SDF to SystemVerilog delay value mapping....................................................................... 899
32.9 Loading timing data from an SDF file................................................................................. 900
33. Configuring the contents of a design .............................................................................................. 902
33.1 General................................................................................................................................. 902
33.2 Overview.............................................................................................................................. 902
33.3 Libraries ............................................................................................................................... 903
33.4 Configurations ..................................................................................................................... 905
33.5 Using libraries and configs .................................................................................................. 911
33.6 Configuration examples......................................................................................................
.
912
33.7 Displaying library binding information ............................................................................... 914
33.8 Library mapping examples .................................................................................................. 914
34. Protected envelopes ........................................................................................................................ 917
34.1 General................................................................................................................................. 917
34.2 Overview.............................................................................................................................. 917
Authorized licensed use limited to: North University of China. Downloaded on May 06,2018 at 03:08:47 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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Copyright © 2018 IEEE. All rights reserved.
34.3 Processing protected envelopes ........................................................................................... 917
34.4 Protect pragma directives..................................................................................................... 919
34.5 Protect pragma keywords..................................................................................................... 921
Part Three: Application Programming Interfaces
35. Direct programming interface......................................................................................................... 938
35.1 General................................................................................................................................. 938
35.2 Overview.............................................................................................................................. 938
35.3 Two layers of DPI................................................................................................................ 939
35.4 Global name space of imported and exported functions...................................................... 940
35.5 Imported tasks and functions ...............................................................................................941
35.6 Calling imported functions .................................................................................................. 948
35.7 Exported functions............................................................................................................... 950
35.8 Exported tasks...................................................................................................................... 951
35.9 Disabling DPI tasks and functions....................................................................................... 951
36. Programming language interface (PLI/VPI) overview................................................................... 953
36.1 General................................................................................................................................. 953
36.2 PLI purpose and history....................................................................................................... 953
36.3 User-defined system task and system function names......................................................... 954
36.4 User-defined system task and system function arguments .................................................. 955
36.5 User-defined system task and system function types .......................................................... 955
36.6 User-supplied PLI applications............................................................................................ 955
36.7 PLI include files................................................................................................................... 955
36.8 VPI sizetf, compiletf, and calltf routines ............................................................................. 955
36.9 PLI mechanism .................................................................................................................... 956
36.10 VPI access to SystemVerilog objects and simulation objects ............................................. 958
36.11 List of VPI routines by functional category......................................................................... 959
36.12 VPI backwards compatibility features and limitations ........................................................ 961
37. VPI object model diagrams............................................................................................................. 966
37.1 General................................................................................................................................. 966
37.2 VPI Handles......................................................................................................................... 966
37.3 VPI object classifications..................................................................................................... 967
37.4 Key to data model diagrams ................................................................................................ 973
37.5 Module ............................................................................................................................... 976
37.6 Interface ............................................................................................................................ 977
37.7 Modport ...................................................
..................................................................
...
...... 977
37.8 Interface task or function declaration ................................................................................. 977
37.9 Program ............................................................................................................................. 978
37.10 Instance ............................................................................................................................... 979
37.11 Instance arrays .................................................................................................................... 981
37.12 Scope ................................................................................................................................... 982
37.13 IO declaration ..................................................................................................................... 983
37.14 Ports .................................................................................................................................... 984
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