Dojo权威指南：构建高效Web应用的实战宝典

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《Dojo权威指南》是一本深入讲解Dojo框架的实用手册，它为Web开发者提供了丰富的工具和特性，旨在帮助读者以高效的方式构建功能强大、响应快速的Web应用程序。Dojo是一个强大的JavaScript库，它集合了各种实用组件和工具，包括复杂的布局和表单控件，这些通常在高级桌面应用中也可见。作者通过详尽的讲解，让读者掌握JavaScript的独特特性和通信机制，实现动态网页交互和用户体验提升。本书不仅介绍了基础的Dojo概念和技术，还引导读者探索如何将Ajax技术融入项目，使其具备异步数据加载和处理能力。参考其他资源如《Ajax：权威指南》和《CSS CookBook》，读者可以进一步扩展自己的技能树，确保Web设计的美观和响应性。同时，《JavaScript：权威指南》系列书籍为JavaScript的核心知识打下坚实基础，而《Learning JavaScript》则适合初学者入门。对于前端开发者来说，《Painting the Web》可能是寻求更深层次视觉效果和创新设计的重要参考。O'Reilly是一家知名的出版商，其网站oreilly.com不仅提供完整的图书目录，还链接到新闻、活动、文章、博客、样章和代码示例，为开发者提供了丰富的资源和支持。oreillynet.com则是关注新兴技术和平台的专业门户，对于跟踪行业发展和学习新技术非常有用。此外，O'Reilly还举办各类会议和研讨会，汇集业界创新者，共同推动技术进步。通过参加这些活动，开发者可以直接了解最新的工具和系统，并将创新者的知识转化为实际工作中的技能。在线参考图书馆Safari Bookshelf允许订阅者访问超过1000本编程和IT专业书籍，为持续学习和查阅提供了便利。《Dojo权威指南》是一本全面而深入的指南，无论是对Dojo框架的初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中获得丰富的知识和实践指导，提升Web开发的效率和质量。

xiv

Foreword

These kinds of accomplishments aren’t the work of one person, or even a small team.

The number of people who have contributed to Dojo’s evolution, believed in the

project, and worked together to deliver a better Web are too numerous to mention.

We copied what we thought were the best bits of the structures of other projects, and

the result has been a level playing field and rules that are fair to users, contributors,

and sponsors alike. Dojo is proof that open source isn’t just a handy distribution

model for closed systems, but that collaborative, open projects can thrive when they

adopt policies that let users trust a project and when those inside the project finds

ways to trust each other. For all of the technical achievements embodied in the tool-

kit, I’m most proud that we’ve done it in the open, with anyone who will join us, and

done it honestly. We set out to build a project that values all kinds of contributions,

not just code. A project that would help change the tone of open source develop-

ment to encourage collegial, civil discourse. A project dedicated to building with the

community and not to treat users as “them.” “They” are “us” and this book makes

plain the open philosophy under which the toolkit was built, and by which we

encourage all those reading it to help us evolve it for the future.

By the time I met Matthew Russell face-to-face, this book was nearly “in the can.”

Open source is funny like that—you can work for years with someone, yet the pieces

picked up over mailing lists and IRC don’t fall into place until you’re talking about

the mundane and thrilling over a good local ale (or, in a pinch, Guinness). It wasn’t

until Matthew and I were comparing notes in an old, small, quiet pub in San Fran-

cisco’s North Beach district that it clicked: his technical depth, curiosity, and ability

to meet you on your level are the hallmarks of a great teacher. As I reviewed the draft

chapters in turn, I found myself constantly deleting what I’d just written by way of

critique as Matthew laid out the concepts in just the right order. Matthew’s illumina-

tions make Dojo approachable, friendly, and productive. The constant delight of dis-

covery that glows so brightly when you talk to Matthew in person are a true gift to

this volume.

It has been like this for me for nearly four years now as I’ve had the chance to put

faces to the IRC handles and forum posts. In open source, each person enters your

world as a technical problem to be solved, a bug to be fixed, or a feature to be con-

sidered. Only later is the full measure of the people you’re working with made plain,

and it’s nearly always a breathtaking revelation. The kindness, selfless effort, and tal-

ent that are freely given are humbling particularly in light of the personal sacrifices

that each person makes to be a part of the project. Matthew’s book is a credit to the

amazing team I’ve had the honor to work with.

I can’t say that I recommend dropping out of college to work on things that no one

will pay you for, but if that fire starts in your brain, don’t ignore it. If it leads you to

people only half as wonderful as those I’ve met and now count among my friends, it

will be worth every sleepless night.

—Alex Russell

Cofounder, Dojo Toolkit, and Dojo Foundation

President

xvi

Preface

Dojo packs the standard JavaScript library you’ve always wanted, the collection of

drop-in replacements for the customized HTML controls and CSS layout hacks

you’ve implemented again and again, and the build tools and unit tests that would

have been so handy when it came time for migrating to production. Dojo isn’t just a

JavaScript toolkit, Dojo is the JavaScript toolkit—and right now is a great time to

learn how to use it to make your life easier and the experience of your end users

everything that it possibly can be. Dojo is revolutionizing web development, and

gaining momentum fast.

Whatever web development project may be on your horizon, rest assured that Dojo

can help you realize it quickly and with minimal boilerplate so that you’re left with

the cleanest, most maintainable implementation possible. My sincere hope is that

this book relates Dojo’s story so effectively that you’ll spend minimal time scram-

bling around for answers and be able to fully concentrate on engaging the challeng-

ing (and far more interesting) problems that you’ve set out to solve.

Why Dojo?

Undoubtedly, there is a swatch of JavaScript toolkits available today, so you might

already be wondering what Dojo provides that you can’t get somewhere else. Keep-

ing in mind that the very nature of a toolkit or library being built upon a completely

interpreted language makes it theoretically possible for any other toolkit to do the

very same things, it’s not so much what can Dojo do that other can’t do; rather, it’s

more about the effectiveness of getting work done along with the community, philos-

ophy, and licensing aspects that surround it.

You might think of it like this: it’s theoretically possible to build a house using only a

hammer, a shovel, a saw, and a lot of nails—but at what expense? Clearly, some

heavy machinery and some carpenters to support you along the way would be a tre-

mendous boon. The situation with Dojo is quite similar. The following list attempts

to highlight (in no particular order) some of the places where Dojo really shines and

differentiates itself:

Community

Although it could be considered a nontechnical issue, Dojo’s open community is

one of its top strengths. The Dojo Foundation, a nonprofit organization set up for

the purpose of providing a vendor-neutral guardian of intellectual property, backs

the toolkit (and other interesting projects such as Cometd,

DWR,

†

and Open-

Record

‡

), and is sponsored and supported by IBM, AOL, Sun, OpenLaszlo,

* See http://www.cometd.com or http://www.cometdaily.com or a great coverage on Comet.

† See http://getahead.org/dwr for more on Direct Web Remoting.

‡ See http://www.openrecord.org for more on OpenRecord.

Preface

xvii

Nexaweb, SitePen, BEA, Renkoo, and a slew of the greatest DHTML hackers in

the world. If that doesn’t tell you that it has good friends backing it, then what

possibly could?

As a liberally licensed open source project with extremely low barriers to entry,

your voice will be heard if you want it to be heard. If you pop into the IRC chat

room #dojo on freenode.net and start talking, there’s virtually no chance that

you won’t be heard by a committer or significant contributor to the project.

Additionally, weekly IRC meetings are currently held on #dojo-meeting each

Wednesday from 3 to 6 P.M. (PST), and you’re more than welcome to pop in

and eavesdrop or participate in the official meetings where both strategic and

tactical issues are routinely discussed.

Knowing there’s transparency in how Dojo is steered strategically and devel-

oped tactically is very compelling. As other JavaScript toolkits and libraries

become increasingly commoditized, the Dojo community really stands out as

different. The organizations and individuals who make up the team of commit-

ters (not to mention the thousands of individual developers out there building

real web sites and applications) all give Dojo a particular character and ground-

ing for success.

Liberal (and clean) licensing

Dojo is open source software that is liberally licensed under the terms of either

the modified Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) license or the Academic Free

License (AFL) version 2.1. Except as noted in a few per-module license files, you

get to choose the license you want to adopt for your specific work. All external

contributions are required to be compatible with the BSD or AFL licenses, and

all contributors must sign a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) that ensures

the Dojo Foundation has clear title to all contributions—thereby protecting all

users of the toolkit from intellectual licensing conundrums. The benefit of clean

licensing is markedly not the case with several other popular JavaScript toolkits

(that shall be left unnamed).

Depth and breadth

While some toolkits tackle specific pieces of a problem space, Dojo provides an

end-to-end solution for development in the browser. Everything from standard

library utilities to turnkey widgets to build tools and a testing framework—it’s

all in there, so you seldom have to look elsewhere. But don’t let the breadth fool

you into thinking that there is code bloat, because the build tools allow you to

produce custom versions of the toolkit that can be as streamlined as your appli-

cation permits.

While it is often the case that breadth hampers depth, it’s not what happens

with Dojo at all. Even inside of Base, the tiny kernel that provides the founda-

tion for the rest of the toolkit, you have more functionality than you can shake a

stick at—facilities for universally querying the DOM via CSS3 selectors, AJAX

xviii

Preface

utilities, event normalization amongst various browsers—and then some. That

doesn’t even begin to touch of the rich library of application, form, and layout

widgets, or the build tools.

Although the breadth and depth of Dojo produces a lot of complexity, the infra-

structure is painstakingly reviewed on a continual basis by the some of the best

web hackers in the world for high quality coding standards, consistent naming

conventions, performance, maintainability, and overall ease of use for the appli-

cation developer. Rest assured that you will be able to create a great user experi-

ence with Dojo.

Portability

While the JavaScript language is dynamic, powerful, and extremely expressive,

there are still myriad issues that come up routinely that amount to fairly mun-

dane engineering efforts. It’s quite instructive to go through the motions that

solve a central algorithmic problem or engineering conundrum, but at the end of

the day, any code that you develop is code that you have to maintain, update,

debug, and document.

As if those aren’t enough good reasons, the motivation for having a JavaScript

standard library may be especially compelling given the existing state of compat-

ibility amongst browsers for various feature sets. While attempting to develop a

feature that works uniformly across a set of modern browsers may not always be

rocket science, it can be painfully tedious work that can demoralize even the

most seasoned professionals.

The bottom line is that it’s almost a certainty that as an application developer,

you aren’t going to be receiving any return on investment (or having very much

fun) by jumping through all of those hoops. Instead, pick up production quality

code that a community of other developers has developed, debugged, and

tested—and then consider contributing back. Hopefully, that “giving back” part

will come naturally enough once you’ve saved enough time and money by way

of community-supported, open source software.

Pragmatic philosophy

Dojo embraces JavaScript for what it is instead of treating it like it’s something

that’s broken and thereby trying to create a brittle, artificial layer on top of it

that almost redefines it. While Dojo exposes tremendous functionality that pro-

tects you from the bare metal of the browser and does many things like normal-

ize browser events behind the scenes so that you don’t even have to think twice

about them, it never attempts to reinvent JavaScript. For example, you won’t

find Dojo-specific functions for operations like deleting DOM nodes or walking

the DOM tree because operations like

childNodes, firstChild, lastChild, and

removeChild work just fine across all browsers. However, whenever there are

known inconsistencies, Dojo steps in to provide you with the tools you need to

write portable code.

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