JavaScript权威指南第六版：深度解析与实战应用

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"JavaScript权威指南-第六版" 《JavaScript权威指南》第六版是David Flanagan撰写的一本关于JavaScript编程语言的权威性参考书籍。这本书详细介绍了JavaScript的核心概念、语法和特性，适合各种级别的开发者阅读。自1996年首次发布以来，该书已更新至第六版，反映了JavaScript语言的发展和变化。 JavaScript是一种广泛应用于网页和网络应用的脚本语言，尤其在Web开发领域中扮演着至关重要的角色。第六版中，作者深入浅出地讲解了JavaScript的基础知识，包括变量、数据类型、运算符、流程控制（如条件语句和循环）、函数、对象以及原型链等核心概念。此外，书中还涵盖了更高级的主题，如闭包、异步编程、模块化、错误处理和调试技巧。在函数部分，读者将了解到JavaScript的函数不仅作为可执行代码块，还可以作为值传递和作为对象属性存储。此外，书中详细阐述了函数表达式、函数声明及其作用域差异，以及如何利用函数作为构造函数创建对象。对于JavaScript的对象，第六版特别强调了基于原型的继承机制，解释了如何通过原型对象实现属性和方法的共享。同时，还讨论了ES6引入的类（Class）语法，它为JavaScript提供了更加面向对象的编程体验。异步编程是现代JavaScript开发中的重要组成部分，书中详细介绍了回调函数、Promise和async/await语法，这些都是处理I/O操作和避免阻塞代码的关键工具。此外，本书还涵盖了事件和事件处理程序，这对于构建交互式的Web应用至关重要。在第六版中，Flanagan也对DOM（文档对象模型）操作进行了详细介绍，包括选择元素、修改HTML内容、添加和删除节点等，这些都是动态网页开发的基础。同时，书中还涵盖了AJAX（异步JavaScript和XML），这是实现页面无刷新更新数据的技术。本书还包含了JavaScript的错误处理机制，教导读者如何有效地捕获和处理运行时错误，以及如何使用try...catch语句来编写健壮的代码。此外，书中还涉及了调试技术，包括使用浏览器内置的开发者工具进行代码调试。最后，随着Node.js的普及，JavaScript已经不再局限于浏览器环境，第六版也提到了Node.js的相关知识，如其非同步I/O模型、模块系统和包管理器npm。《JavaScript权威指南》第六版是一本全面且深入的JavaScript教程，无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中受益匪浅，提升自己的JavaScript技能。通过阅读本书，你将能够更好地理解和掌握这门语言，从而在实际开发中编写出高效、可靠和易于维护的JavaScript代码。

A Note About Piracy

If you are reading a digital version of this book that you (or your employer) did not pay

for (or borrow from someone who did) then you probably have an illegally pirated copy.

Writing the sixth edition of this book was a full-time job, and it took more than a year.

The only way I get paid for that time is when readers actually buy the book. And the

only way I can afford to work on a seventh edition is if I get paid for the sixth.

I do not condone piracy, but if you have a pirated copy, go ahead and read a couple of

chapters. I think that you’ll find that this is a valuable source of information about

JavaScript, better organized and of higher quality than what you can find freely (and

legally) available on the Web. If you agree that this is a valuable source of information,

then please pay for that value by purchasing a legal copy (either digital or print) of the

book. On the other hand, if you find that this book is no more valuable than the free

information on the web, then please discard your pirated copy and use those free

information sources.

Conventions Used in This Book

I use the following typographical conventions in this book:

Italic

Is used for emphasis and to indicate the first use of a term. Italic is also used for

email addresses, URLs and file names.

Constant width

Is used in all JavaScript code and CSS and HTML listings, and generally for any-

thing that you would type literally when programming.

Constant width italic

Is used for the names of function parameters, and generally as a placeholder to

indicate an item that should be replaced with an actual value in your program.

Example Code

The examples in this book are available online. You can find them linked from the

book’s catalog page at the publisher’s website:

http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596805531/

This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, you may use the code in

this book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact O’Reilly

for permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example,

writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require

permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O’Reilly books does

require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example

xiv | Preface

code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code

from this book into your product’s documentation does require permission.

If you use the code from this book, I appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An

attribution usually includes the title, author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: “Java-

nagan, 978-0-596-80552-4.”

For more details on the O’Reilly code reuse policy, see http://oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/

ask_tim/2001/codepolicy.html. If you feel your use of the examples falls outside of the

permission given above, feel free to contact O’Reilly at permissions@oreilly.com.

Errata and How to Contact Us

The publisher maintains a public list of errors found in this book. You can view the

list, and submit the errors you find, by visiting the book’s web page:

http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596805531

To comment or ask technical questions about this book, send email to:

bookquestions@oreilly.com

For more information about our books, conferences, Resource Centers, and the

O’Reilly Network, see our website at:

http://www.oreilly.com

Find us on Facebook: http://facebook.com/oreilly

Watch us on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/oreillymedia

Acknowledgments

Many people have helped me with the creation of this book. I’d like to thank my editor,

Mike Loukides, for trying to keep me on schedule and for his insightful comments.

Thanks also to my technical reviewers: Zachary Kessin, who reviewed many of the

chapters in Part I, and Raffaele Cecco, who reviewed Chapter 19 and the <canvas>

material in Chapter 21. The production team at O’Reilly has done their usual fine job:

Dan Fauxsmith managed the production process, Teresa Elsey was the production

editor, Rob Romano drew the figures, and Ellen Troutman Zaig created the index.

In this era of effortless electronic communication, it is impossible to keep track of all

those who influence and inform us. I’d like to thank everyone who has answered my

questions on the es5, w3c, and whatwg mailing lists, and everyone who has shared their

insightful ideas about JavaScript programming online. I’m sorry I can’t list you all by

Preface | xv

JavaScript: Names and Versions

JavaScript was created at Netscape in the early days of the Web, and technically, “Java-

Script” is a trademark licensed from Sun Microsystems (now Oracle) used to describe

Netscape’s (now Mozilla’s) implementation of the language. Netscape submitted the

language for standardization to ECMA—the European Computer Manufacturer’s As-

sociation—and because of trademark issues, the standardized version of the language

was stuck with the awkward name “ECMAScript.” For the same trademark reasons,

Microsoft’s version of the language is formally known as “JScript.” In practice, just

about everyone calls the language JavaScript. This book uses the name “ECMAScript”

only to refer to the language standard.

For the last decade, all web browsers have implemented version 3 of the ECMAScript

standard and there has really been no need to think about version numbers: the lan-

guage standard was stable and browser implementations of the language were, for the

most part, interoperable. Recently, an important new version of the language has been

defined as ECMAScript version 5 and, at the time of this writing, browsers are beginning

to implement it. This book covers all the new features of ECMAScript 5 as well as all

the long-standing features of ECMAScript 3. You’ll sometimes see these language ver-

sions abbreviated as ES3 and ES5, just as you’ll sometimes see the name JavaScript

abbreviated as JS.

When we’re speaking of the language itself, the only version numbers that are relevant

are ECMAScript versions 3 or 5. (Version 4 of ECMAScript was under development

for years, but proved to be too ambitious and was never released.) Sometimes, however,

you’ll also see a JavaScript version number, such as JavaScript 1.5 or JavaScript 1.8.

These are Mozilla’s version numbers: version 1.5 is basically ECMAScript 3, and later

versions include nonstandard language extensions (see Chapter 11). Finally, there are

also version numbers attached to particular JavaScript interpreters or “engines.” Goo-

gle calls its JavaScript interpreter V8, for example, and at the time of this writing the

current version of the V8 engine is 3.0.

To be useful, every language must have a platform or standard library or API of func-

tions for performing things like basic input and output. The core JavaScript language

defines a minimal API for working with text, arrays, dates, and regular expressions but

does not include any input or output functionality. Input and output (as well as more

sophisticated features, such as networking, storage, and graphics) are the responsibility

of the “host environment” within which JavaScript is embedded. Usually that host

environment is a web browser (though we’ll see two uses of JavaScript without a web

browser in Chapter 12). Part I of this book covers the language itself and its minimal

built-in API. Part II explains how JavaScript is used in web browsers and covers the

sprawling browser-based APIs loosely known as “client-side JavaScript.”

Part III is the reference section for the core API. You can read about the JavaScript array

manipulation API by looking up “Array” in this part of the book, for example.

Part IV is the reference section for client-side JavaScript. You might look up “Canvas”

2 | Chapter 1: Introduction to JavaScript

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