Flask Web开发指南：构建可扩展应用与REST API

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《Flask Web Development》是一本由Miguel Grinberg编著的Python Web开发指南，专为初学者和开发者设计，深入浅出地介绍了如何使用Flask框架构建现代Web应用。本书旨在帮助读者掌握Flask的基础结构，通过一系列实战项目，逐步熟悉并实践关键技能。首先，读者将学习如何设置和配置Flask应用程序的基本结构，包括理解路由、视图函数以及HTTP请求处理。作者会提供简单的示例应用，让读者对Flask的工作原理有直观的认识。书中强调了常用组件的运用，如 Jinja2 模板系统，它在创建动态网页时发挥核心作用；SQLAlchemy或Peewee这样的数据库集成，使数据持久化变得轻松；同时，还会涉及如何处理Web表单和实现用户交互，包括登录、注册以及用户资料管理。在博客网站的开发部分，读者将学习模板的复用、列表的分页展示，以及如何利用富文本处理内容编辑。这些技能对于构建可维护的网站架构至关重要。此外，作者会引导读者了解RESTful API的开发，这对于构建跨平台应用和与第三方客户端的通信非常有用。通过Flask构建API，可以确保在智能手机、平板电脑等设备上的用户体验。性能优化和单元测试也是本书的重要内容，讲解如何提高应用响应速度，以及如何编写有效的测试用例来确保代码质量。这一步骤对于任何规模的应用都是必不可少的。最后，本书还覆盖了将Web应用部署到生产环境，如选择合适的服务器配置、负载均衡和安全性措施，帮助读者确保应用的稳定性和安全性。整个学习过程中，读者将获得扎实的Flask和Python基础，掌握从基础到进阶的Web开发技能。《Flask Web Development》不仅适合初学者，也适合有一定经验的开发者寻求Flask框架的最佳实践和深入理解。随着技术的发展，该书不断更新以适应最新趋势，是IT专业人士不可多得的参考资料。

The git clone command installs the source code from GitHub into a flasky folder that

is created in the current directory. This folder does not contain just source code; a copy

of the Git repository with the entire history of changes made to the application is also

included.

In the first chapter you will be asked to check out the initial release of the application,

and then, at the proper places you will be instructed to move forward in the history.

The Git command that lets you move through the change history is git checkout. Here

is an example:

$ git checkout 1a

The 1a referenced in the command is a tag, a named point in the history of the project.

This repository is tagged according to the chapters of the book, so the 1a tag used in

the example sets the application files to the initial version used in Chapter 1. Most

chapters have more than one tag associated with them, so, for example, tags 5a, 5b, and

so on are incremental versions presented in Chapter 5.

In addition to checking out the source files for a version of the application, you may

need to perform some setup. For example, in some cases you will need to install addi‐

tional Python packages or apply updates to the database. You will be told when these

are necessary.

You will normally not modify the source files of the application, but if you do, then Git

will not let you check out a different revision, as that would cause your local changes to

be lost. Before you can check out a different revision, you will need to revert the files to

their original state. The easiest way to do this is with the git reset command:

$ git reset --hard

This command will destroy your local changes, so you should save anything you don’t

want to lose before you use this command.

From time to time, you may want to refresh your local repository from the one on

GitHub, where bug fixes and improvements may have been applied. The commands

that achieve this are:

$ git fetch --all

$ git fetch --tags

$ git reset --hard origin/master

The git fetch commands are used to update the commit history and the tags in your

local repository from the remote one on GitHub, but none of this affects the actual

source files, which are updated with the git reset command that follows. Once again,

be aware that any time git reset is used you will lose any local changes you have made.

Another useful operation is to view all the differences between two versions of the

application. This can be very useful to understand a change in detail. From the command

xiv | Preface

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line, the git diff command can do this. For example, to see the difference between

revisions 2a and 2b, use:

$ git diff 2a 2b

The differences are shown as a patch, which is not a very intuitive format to review

changes if you are not used to working with patch files. You may find that the graphical

comparisons shown by GitHub are much easier to read. For example, the differences

between revisions 2a and 2b can be viewed on GitHub at https://github.com/miguelgrin

berg/flasky/compare/2a...2b

Using Code Examples

This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, if example code is offered

with this book, you may use it in your programs and documentation. You do not need

to contact us for permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code.

For example, writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does

not require permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O’Reilly

books does require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting

example code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of ex‐

ample code from this book into your product’s documentation does require permission.

We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title,

author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: “Flask Web Development by Miguel Grinberg

If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given above,

feel free to contact us at permissions@oreilly.com.

Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, and file extensions.

Constant width

Used for program listings, as well as within paragraphs to refer to program elements

such as variable or function names, databases, data types, environment variables,

statements, and keywords.

Constant width bold

Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user.

Preface | xv

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How to Contact Us

Please address comments and questions concerning this book to the publisher:

O’Reilly Media, Inc.

1005 Gravenstein Highway North

Sebastopol, CA 95472

800-998-9938 (in the United States or Canada)

707-829-0515 (international or local)

707-829-0104 (fax)

We have a web page for this book, where we list errata, examples, and any additional

information. You can access this page at http://www.bit.ly/flask-web-dev.

To comment or ask technical questions about this book, send email to bookques

tions@oreilly.com.

For more information about our books, courses, conferences, and news, see our website

at http://www.oreilly.com.

Find us on Facebook: http://facebook.com/oreilly

Watch us on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/oreillymedia

Acknowledgments

I could not have written this book alone. I have received a lot of help from family, co-

workers, old friends, and new friends I’ve made along the way.

I’d like to thank Brendan Kohler for his detailed technical review and for his help in

giving shape to the chapter on Application Programming Interfaces. I’m also in debt to

David Baumgold, Todd Brunhoff, Cecil Rock, and Matthew Hugues, who reviewed the

manuscript at different stages of completion and gave me very useful advice regarding

what to cover and how to organize the material.

Writing the code examples for this book was a considerable effort. I appreciate the help

of Daniel Hofmann, who did a thorough code review of the application and pointed out

several improvements. I’m also thankful to my teenage son, Dylan Grinberg, who sus‐

pended his Minecraft addiction for a few weekends and helped me test the code under

several platforms.

O’Reilly has a wonderful program called Early Release that allows impatient readers to

have access to books while they are being written. Some of my Early Release readers

went the extra mile and engaged in useful conversations regarding their experience

working through the book, leading to significant improvements. I’d like to acknowledge

Preface | xvii

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