编程者灵感：200个软件项目实践指南

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"The-Programmers-Idea-Ebook" 是一本由 Martyr2 编写的电子书，版本1.05，旨在为程序员提供200个软件项目的想法以及开发这些项目的建议。这本书是对Dream.In.Code网络论坛的所有工作人员、校友、导师、专家、作者和访问者的献礼。书中涵盖了一系列不同类型的项目，包括基础数学运算、实用工具、算法实现、文本处理等多个领域。以下是一些项目摘要： 1. 数学运算：书中提到了基础的加减乘除分数的程序，可以帮助程序员练习基本的算术操作和数据类型处理。 2. 报警钟：这个项目涉及到时间管理和用户界面设计，是学习编程与硬件交互的一个起点。 3. 二进制与十进制转换器：这个项目有助于理解不同数字系统间的转换，是计算机科学基础的重要组成部分。 4. 计算器：一个经典的编程挑战，涉及到了运算符优先级、表达式解析等复杂概念。 5. 找零程序：通过计算找零，可以学习货币处理和基本的算法设计。 6. 信用卡验证器：实现Luhn算法，学习正则表达式和数据校验。 7. 希腊数字转换：将十进制数字转换为罗马数字，锻炼对数值系统和字符串处理的理解。 8. Dijkstra算法：这是一个经典的图论算法，用于找到两个节点之间的最短路径，对于学习算法和数据结构非常有帮助。 9. 两城市间距离计算器：涉及地理坐标和距离计算，可能需要用到API调用和地理位置处理。 10. 斐波那契序列：理解递归和动态规划的好例子。 11. 地板瓷砖成本计算：实际应用问题，涉及面积计算和成本估算。 12. π的n位数字：练习高精度计算和数学库的使用。 13. 家庭预算程序：涉及数据库操作和用户界面设计，可以学习到财务管理软件的基础。 14. 最大公约数/最小公倍数（GCD/LCD）：基础数学概念在编程中的应用。 15. 房屋贷款计算器：涉及复利计算和金融模型。 16. 下一个素数：素数检测算法的实现，如线性筛法或埃拉托斯特尼筛法。 17. 帕斯卡三角：生成帕斯卡三角，学习数组操作和模式识别。 18. 素数分解：将一个大数分解成质因数，了解数论和大整数处理。 19. 埃拉托斯特尼筛法：优化的素数查找算法，适用于大规模数据处理。 20. 税务计算器：学习税率计算和税务规则。 21. 单位转换器：涵盖温度、货币、体积、质量等多种单位，练习单位换算和国际化支持。 22. 文本项目：例如CD密钥生成器、回文检查、代码骨架生成器、元音计数、字符串单词计数、字体查看和测试器、星座运势预测等，这些都涉及到字符串操作和文本处理。这本书提供的项目涵盖了广泛的编程知识和技能，适合初学者提升编程能力，也适合有经验的开发者寻找灵感和练习项目。通过实现这些项目，程序员可以巩固基础，学习新技能，并提高解决问题的能力。

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The Programmers Idea Book 13

Description: How do we know that the credit card number someone entered on our store is

correct? How do we know it is valid for the type of credit card they specified? Create a program

which allows the user to specify a credit card number and the card type (Visa, Mastercard,

American Express or Discover) and return a message if the number is valid or an error message

if the credit card number is invalid.

Tips: This program is all based around the idea of the Luhn algorithm (Check Wikipedia for

“Luhn Algorithm”). This algorithm can be used to validate credit card numbers. First make sure

the number they entered is the correct number of digits and of the correct number prefix (Check

out Wikipedia for “Bank card number” for more information). Once you determine the correct

prefix and the right number of digits, you can then try applying the algorithm.

Added Difficulty: Accept more card types or determine if the card type is active or not. You could

also try wrapping this up into a simple function which you can save in your function library for

future use in projects.

Title: Decimal to Roman Numerals

Difficulty: 4

Description: Have the user enter in a simple integer value and it will print the Roman numeral

representation of that number. For instance if the user enters 11 it will print out XI. If they input 9

it will print out IX.

Tips: Break the number down by finding the largest round number that will go into it and then

translate that to a roman numeral (you can have a list of the constants like “M” being 1000).

Then subtract that out of the remaining number and do it again. It is advisable that you take a

look at the “Change Return Program” first before attempting this problem. Keep in mind that

numerals on the left subtract from those on the right. The value 9 is not VIIII it is 1 subtracted

from 10 or IX.

Added Difficulty: Expand the range of supported numbers into ten thousands, hundred

thousands and millions. These symbols appear with a horizontal bar over the top of the

symbols. If you can’t represent them in your language, perhaps come up with your own way of

showing them (create your own symbol?)

Title: Dijkstra’s Algorithm

Difficulty: 6

Description: The whole purpose of this algorithm is to find the shortest path through a graph of

nodes with the least cost. If you are not familiar with these types of graphs, imagine a map

where roads connect between major cities. One road from Denver may connect to Los Angeles

while another road may connect to Chicago. Chicago can then link to New York etc. Each of

these roads have different lengths and thus some take longer to drive than others. That is the

cost. So which route is the fastest to get from Los Angeles to New York? Is it via Chicago or is it

faster to go through Nashville?

The Programmers Idea Book 14

Tips: This is a lesson in recursion where you want to test various routes between your starting

point and the end point and find which route between two nodes (called an edge) has the least

cost. You may need to go down one node that is more costly than another if it means that the

edge following that is significantly cheaper than an earlier choice. For instance, if you have two

routes which are 11 and 15 respectively, you may need to take the 15 route if it means that the

edge afterwards is only 2 (15 + 2 = 17) where if you had gone down the 11 route the only option

after that was 10 (11 + 10 = 21 and is thus longer). So keep track of where you have been and

test various routes that you can go. Not all nodes may be visited!

Added Difficulty: Display the solution graphically by drawing the node relationships, their route

values and then highlighting the shortest path between point A and point B.

Title: Distance Between Two Cities

Difficulty: 7

Description: Ask the user for latitude/longitude coordinates for two given cities and calculate the

distance between those two cities in either miles or kilometers.

Tips: The world is not flat! To make things simpler, use formulae that doesn’t take into account

ellipsoidal effects. So the recommendation below is based on a spherical Earth to make things

easier. First stop to help solve this problem is the Haversine formula on Wikipedia. This formula

can be used to calculate the distance between two points. Simply plug in the latitude and

longitude and the radius of the Earth (around 6,371 km). Be sure to test with points you know

the distance between and can easily look up. This will let you know if you are in the right ball

park with your results.

Added Difficulty: Implement the Spherical Law of Cosines to get distances much more accurate

and possibly down to around 1 meter.

Title: Fibonacci Sequence

Difficulty: 2

Description: Create a program that calculates the Fibonacci sequence up to the Nth term. Ask

the user to enter the Nth term and have the program calculate the sequence until it has printed

that many terms.

Tips: There are two main ways you will find people solving this problem. There is the recursion

method (which is a nice example to learn about recursion but a horrible practical application to

solve it) or using a simple loop that keeps track of the two previous numbers to add them

together to find the next value in the sequence. This second method is the more efficient

method for computing because it doesn’t require multiple calls going on the call stack.

The Programmers Idea Book 15

Added Difficulty: Try implementing both ways so you can see the difference between the two.

Provide a graphic explaining why the recursion method may be more resource intensive than

the preferred loop method.

Title: Find Cost of Tile to Cover W x L Floor

Difficulty: 1

Description: Ask the user to enter in a width, length and the cost per 1 unit of flooring. Have the

program calculate how much it would cost to cover the area specified with the flooring.

Tips: This is a relatively simple program. Be sure to first find out how much area the floor is and

then multiply that by the cost per unit of flooring. Start with some simple numbers that you can

quickly calculate in your head. Try a 10 x 10 ft room with each unit of flooring costing $1.00.

Added Difficulty: Calculate how much flooring would be needed for non-rectangular rooms. Also

figure out how much labor costs would be given that the average flooring team can only put in

20 square feet of flooring per hour at a cost of $86.00/hr.

Title: Find PI to the Nth Digit

Difficulty: 3

Description: Create a program where you ask the user to enter in the number of digits to

calculate PI to. The program then prints PI up to that many digits.

Tips: There are many ways to do this from the simple solution of implementing the series 4/1 -

4/3 + 4/5 - 4/7 + 4/9 - 4/11 + … to using the BBP formula discovered in 1995 which calculates PI

in base 16 which you could then convert. Try the simple approach first to estimate PI and loop

until the desired precision is reached.

Added Difficulty: Use the BBP formula which you can find on Wolfram MathWorld.

Title: Household Budget Program

Difficulty: 8

Description: Create a full GUI program that allows the user to enter in and setup a household

budget. They can enter in unlimited number of budget categories like Utilities, Travel Expenses,

or Child Care. Then let the user enter in X number of sub-items for each of these categories

listing their monthly expenses along with any income items. Have the program keep track of

their expenses and their cash flow. This program should let the user know if they are

overspending or how much they are saving for the month or year.

Tips: This program was rated with a difficulty of 8 due to the amount of time that can be put into

this program, the complexity of setting up an appropriate design and framing out the structure. It

is suggested that you start with a few simple categories with a few sub-items for each and

sketch them out on paper. Then try to figure out the appropriate classes/structures that you can

use for this along with the forms needed to create categories, items and entering costs. Think

The Programmers Idea Book 16

about how you might go about summing up items for each category (arrays? loops?) and

calculating revenue vs liabilities.

Added Difficulty: Generate some reports based off of the entered data. You could also keep

track of numerous years or create a snapshot of a certain time period that can be used in

comparisons.

Title: LCD/GCD Least/Greatest Common Denominator

Difficulty: 3

Description: Create a program that asks the user to enter two fractions. Have the program find

the least common or the greatest common denominator between those two fractions and print it

out.

Tips: Make sure to isolate the denominator first and find a multiple that goes into each of the

denominators. You can start by finding the least common multiple (the smallest integer value

that fits into both denominators). The greatest common denominator is the largest integer value

which fits into both denominators.

Added Difficulty: Try working on more than two terms.

Title: Mortgage Calculator

Difficulty: 5

Description: If you take out a loan from a bank of $10,000 with an annual interest rate of %5

percent, how much is your monthly payments over a term of 36 months going to be? What if you

pay $50 dollars more a month, how long will it take you then to pay it back then? Create a

program which asks the user for a loan amount (principal), the interest rate and the term. Make

it generate a payment schedule showing how much the user has to pay per month over the

course of the term to pay it all back.

Tips: Keep in mind that this isn’t simply taking the loan amount and dividing it by the term.

Interest is accruing and that means that after your first month, you actually have to pay back

more than $10,000. As the user makes payments, they are also paying the interest that is

growing on that debt. Use some simple numbers to test and make sure that on the final month

the balance reaches 0, not a negative number. Banks don’t pay you! The final month’s balance

may not be a full payment.

Added Difficulty: Allow the user to specify various term types. Perhaps they can specify years,

perhaps they can specify how many months or days. Build in different rates of compounding the

interest. A simple addition would also be to show the user at the end how much they really paid

over the course of the entire loan.

Title: Next Prime Number

Difficulty: 2

The Programmers Idea Book 17

Description: Ask the user to enter a number and have the program find the next prime number

after that value. If you don’t remember, a prime number is a number which can only be divided

by 1 and itself. Thus if the user enters 3, have the program find the next prime number (5) and

print it out.

Tips: There are many ways to find primes. One of the simplest ways to find a prime is to simply

start from the number the user enters and loop through the numbers one by one testing if it is

prime. You can test if it is prime by trying to divide that number by all numbers starting from 2

until the square root of that number. If none divide evenly, it is prime. For example, to test if 11

is prime, we take the square root of it (which is a little over 3) and we test from 2 to 3. If none of

them divide evenly (test the remainder of the division) then it is prime. Since 2 nor 3 divide

evenly into 11, it is prime. Test 12... square root is again a little over 3 so we move from 2 to 3

and see if any divide evenly. Since 2 divides evenly into 12, it is not prime. Look at the modulus

operator to help you do this.

Added Difficulty: See if you can speed up this method by checking the last digit of the number.

Obviously if the number ends in 2 it is even so it not going to be prime (unless the number itself

is 2).

Title: Pascal’s Triangle

Difficulty: 4

Description: Create a program that asks the user for a number greater than 1. Then construct a

Pascal’s triangle with that many rows. Pascal’s triangle is a pyramid of numbers where the

number immediately below the two above it is the sum of those two numbers. Refer to

Wikipedia for Pascal’s Triangle for great examples of how this triangle will look.

Tips: Think in terms of loops here for a moment. Each row can have its values calculated by

following a formula like value = previous_column_value * (((row + 1) - column) / column) and

then multiplying it against the previous column’s value. Here we know that each row starts with

1, so plug this into the equation above and loop through all the columns of a given row. So the

value of the second column of the third row is going to be 1 * (((2 + 1) - 1) / 1) which equals 2

and multiply that by the previous value of that row (1) and we know the result is 2.

Added Difficulty: Make sure you handle the spaces to form a very nicely formatted triangle.

Have the program generate the triangle as a graphic.

Title: Prime Factorization

Difficulty: 3

Description: “Prime Factorization” is finding which prime numbers multiplied together make the

original number. For instance, the value 12 has the prime factors 2 x 2 x 3. All the factors (2 and

3) are prime. Ask the user to enter in a number and find all the prime factors of that number.

Print them off.

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