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首页IEEE 802.15.3-2016:高速无线多媒体网络标准
IEEE Std 802.15.3-2016 是 IEEE(电气和电子工程师协会)制定的一份标准,专注于高数据速率的无线多媒体网络。这份修订版标准是基于 IEEE 802.15.3-2003 的,它主要关注 Ultra-Wideband (UWB) 技术,这是一种低功耗、高速率、短距离无线通信技术,适用于物联网(IoT)环境中的设备间通信,例如传感器网络、无线个人区域网络(Wi-Fi Direct)和高带宽数据传输。
该标准定义了系统架构、物理层规范、介质访问控制(MAC)子层以及网络层功能,旨在支持多种无线多媒体应用,如高清视频流、音频传输和实时数据交换。它特别提到了 DW1000 这种 UWB 芯片组,这是一种常见的 UWB 实现,其特点是具有高数据传输速率、低时延和低功耗特性,适用于对速度和精确性要求高的场景。
在物理层部分,IEEE 802.15.3-2016 涵盖了信号调制、编码、频谱效率和功率管理等方面,确保在多个设备之间实现有效的通信。MAC 子层则负责处理竞争接入、数据帧的传输和错误检测与纠正,以保证数据的可靠传输。
此外,标准还强调了网络安全和隐私保护,包括数据加密、认证协议以及反干扰措施,以应对日益增长的网络安全威胁。IEEE 802.15.3-2016 还规定了互操作性和兼容性要求,确保不同供应商的产品可以协同工作。
批准日期为 2016 年 5 月 15 日,由 LAN/MAN 标准委员会赞助,反映了当时的技术发展水平和市场需求。IEEE 802.15.3-2016 版本的版权属于 IEEE,所有权利保留,印刷版本于 2016 年 7 月 25 日在美国出版。该标准遵循 IEEE 的反歧视、骚扰和欺凌政策,更多信息可在 IEEE 网站上查询。
IEEE Std 802.15.3-2016 是一个重要的技术指南,对于设计和实施基于 UWB 的高速无线连接系统具有深远的影响,对于物联网、智能家居、工业自动化等领域的设备间高效通信至关重要。
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Copyright © 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.
IEEE Std 802.15.3-2016
IEEE Standard for High Data Rate Wireless Multi-Media Networks
6.5.4.1 PNC Information Request command........................................................... 164
6.5.4.2 PNC Information command......................................................................... 164
6.5.4.3 Security Information Request command ..................................................... 166
6.5.4.4 Security Information command ................................................................... 166
6.5.4.5 Probe Request command ............................................................................. 167
6.5.4.6 Probe Response command ........................................................................... 169
6.5.5 Information announcement commands .................................................................. 171
6.5.5.1 Piconet Services command .......................................................................... 171
6.5.5.2 Announce command .................................................................................... 171
6.5.5.3 Announce Response command.................................................................... 173
6.5.6 Channel time allocation request, modification, and termination commands ......... 173
6.5.6.1 Channel Time Request command ................................................................ 173
6.5.6.2 Channel Time Response command.............................................................. 176
6.5.7 Channel status commands ...................................................................................... 177
6.5.7.1 Channel Status Request command............................................................... 177
6.5.7.2 Channel status response ............................................................................... 177
6.5.7.3 Remote Scan Request command.................................................................. 178
6.5.7.4 Remote Scan Response command ............................................................... 178
6.5.7.5 Transmit Power Change command.............................................................. 180
6.5.8 Power management commands .............................................................................. 180
6.5.8.1 PS Set Information Request command ........................................................ 180
6.5.8.2 PS Set Information Response command...................................................... 180
6.5.8.3 SPS Configuration Request command......................................................... 181
6.5.8.4 SPS Configuration Response command ...................................................... 182
6.5.8.5 PM Mode Change command ....................................................................... 183
6.5.8.6 PM Mode Change Response command ....................................................... 183
6.5.9 Special commands .................................................................................................. 184
6.5.9.1 Security Message command ........................................................................ 184
6.5.9.2 Vendor Defined command........................................................................... 184
6.5.9.3 AS IE Request command............................................................................. 185
6.5.9.4 AS IE Response command .......................................................................... 185
6.5.10 Multicast configuration commands ........................................................................ 186
6.5.10.1 Multicast Configuration Request command ................................................ 186
6.5.10.2 Multicast Configuration Response command.............................................. 186
7. MAC functional description ............................................................................................................ 187
7.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 187
7.2 Starting, maintaining, and stopping piconets........................................................................... 188
7.2.1 Scanning through channels .................................................................................... 188
7.2.2 Starting a piconet ................................................................................................... 189
7.2.3 PNC handover ........................................................................................................ 190
7.2.4 Preliminary handover ............................................................................................. 193
7.2.5 Next PNC ............................................................................................................... 194
7.2.6 Dependent PNC handover ...................................................................................... 195
7.2.7 Child piconet .......................................................................................................... 198
7.2.8 Neighbor piconet .................................................................................................... 200
7.2.9 Stopping piconet operations ................................................................................... 202
7.2.9.1 Stopping an independent or parent piconet.................................................. 203
7.2.9.2 Parent PNC stopping a dependent piconet................................................... 203
7.2.9.3 Dependent PNC termination of a dependent piconet................................... 204
7.2.10 Non-PNC-capable DEVs ....................................................................................... 204
7.3 Association and disassociation with a piconet......................................................................... 204
7.3.1 Association ............................................................................................................. 204
16
Copyright © 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.
IEEE Std 802.15.3-2016
IEEE Standard for High Data Rate Wireless Multi-Media Networks
7.3.2 Piconet services ...................................................................................................... 206
7.3.3 Broadcasting piconet information .......................................................................... 208
7.3.4 Disassociation ........................................................................................................ 209
7.4 Channel access......................................................................................................................... 210
7.4.1 Interframe space (IFS) ........................................................................................... 211
7.4.2 Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) ................... 211
7.4.3 Channel time allocation period channel access ...................................................... 213
7.4.3.1 Channel time allocations (CTAs) ................................................................ 213
7.4.3.2 Channel time allocation (CTA) and channel time usage ............................. 215
7.4.3.3 Management CTAs ...................................................................................... 216
7.4.3.4 Slotted aloha access ..................................................................................... 216
7.4.3.5 Allocation of MCTAs .................................................................................. 217
7.4.3.6 Guard time ................................................................................................... 217
7.4.3.7 Calculating channel time requests ............................................................... 219
7.4.3.8 Relinquishing CTA time to another DEV.................................................... 220
7.5 Channel time management....................................................................................................... 222
7.5.1 Isochronous stream management ........................................................................... 222
7.5.1.1 Isochronous stream creation ........................................................................ 223
7.5.1.2 Isochronous stream modification................................................................. 226
7.5.1.3 Isochronous stream termination................................................................... 229
7.5.2 Asynchronous channel time reservation and termination ...................................... 231
7.5.2.1 Asynchronous channel time reservation ...................................................... 231
7.5.2.2 Asynchronous channel time termination ..................................................... 233
7.5.3 Multicast group configuration ................................................................................ 234
7.6 Synchronization ....................................................................................................................... 235
7.6.1 Time accuracy ........................................................................................................ 236
7.6.2 Beacon generation .................................................................................................. 236
7.6.3 Beacon reception .................................................................................................... 237
7.6.4 Beacon information announcement ....................................................................... 237
7.6.5 Superframe support for directional PHYs .............................................................. 238
7.6.5.1 Quasi-omni beacon ...................................................................................... 239
7.6.5.2 Directional CAP........................................................................................... 240
7.6.5.3 Directional association................................................................................. 241
7.6.5.4 DEV quasi-omni transmit direction training and tracking........................... 242
7.7 Fragmentation and defragmentation ........................................................................................ 243
7.8 Aggregation ............................................................................................................................. 244
7.8.1 Standard aggregation .............................................................................................. 244
7.8.2 Low-latency aggregation ........................................................................................ 245
7.9 Acknowledgment and retransmission...................................................................................... 246
7.9.1 No acknowledgment (no-ACK) ............................................................................. 246
7.9.2 Immediate acknowledgment (Imm-ACK) ............................................................. 246
7.9.3 Delayed acknowledgment (Dly-ACK) ................................................................... 247
7.9.4 Implied acknowledgment (Imp-ACK) ................................................................... 248
7.9.5 Block acknowledgment (Blk-ACK) ....................................................................... 250
7.9.5.1 Blk-ACK for standard aggregation.............................................................. 250
7.9.5.2 Blk-ACK for low-latency aggregation ........................................................ 251
7.9.6 Retransmissions ..................................................................................................... 252
7.9.7 Duplicate detection ................................................................................................ 252
7.10 Peer discovery.......................................................................................................................... 252
7.10.1 PNC information request ....................................................................................... 252
7.10.2 Probe request and response .................................................................................... 253
7.10.3 Announce ............................................................................................................... 254
7.10.4 Channel status request ............................................................................................ 254
7.10.5 Remote scan ........................................................................................................... 254
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Copyright © 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.
IEEE Std 802.15.3-2016
IEEE Standard for High Data Rate Wireless Multi-Media Networks
7.10.6 PNC channel scanning ........................................................................................... 255
7.10.7 Channel probing ..................................................................................................... 255
7.11 Changing piconet parameters................................................................................................... 256
7.11.1 Moving beacon ....................................................................................................... 256
7.11.2 Changing superframe duration ............................................................................... 256
7.11.3 Setting the PNID or BSID ...................................................................................... 257
7.11.4 Maintaining synchronization in dependent piconets .............................................. 258
7.12 Interference mitigation............................................................................................................. 258
7.12.1 Dynamic channel selection .................................................................................... 259
7.12.2 Transmit power control .......................................................................................... 260
7.12.2.1 Maximum transmitter power for the CAP, beacon, and directed MCTAs .. 260
7.12.2.2 Adjustable transmitter power in a CTA....................................................... 261
7.13 Multi-rate support .................................................................................................................... 261
7.14 Power management.................................................................................................................. 262
7.14.1 Piconet synchronized power save (PSPS) mode .................................................... 263
7.14.2 Device synchronized power save (DSPS) mode .................................................... 264
7.14.2.1 Creation, use, and management of DSPS sets ............................................. 264
7.14.2.2 Changing DSPS mode and operation........................................................... 265
7.14.2.3 CTA timing in DSPS mode ......................................................................... 266
7.14.3 Asynchronous power save (APS) mode ................................................................. 268
7.14.4 MSCs for power save modes ................................................................................. 269
7.15 AS IE operation ....................................................................................................................... 272
7.16 MAC sublayer parameters ....................................................................................................... 275
7.17 Unequal error protection (UEP)............................................................................................... 278
7.18 Sync frame transmission and virtually dependent piconet ...................................................... 278
8. Security ............................................................................................................................................ 280
8.1 Security mechanisms ............................................................................................................... 280
8.1.1 Security membership and key establishment ......................................................... 280
8.1.2 Key transport .......................................................................................................... 280
8.1.3 Data encryption ...................................................................................................... 280
8.1.4 Data integrity .......................................................................................................... 280
8.1.5 Beacon integrity protection .................................................................................... 280
8.1.6 Command integrity protection ............................................................................... 281
8.1.7 Freshness protection ............................................................................................... 281
8.2 Security modes......................................................................................................................... 281
8.2.1 Security mode 0 ..................................................................................................... 281
8.2.2 Security mode 1 ..................................................................................................... 281
8.3 Security support ....................................................................................................................... 281
8.3.1 PNC handover ........................................................................................................ 281
8.3.2 Changes in the piconet group data key .................................................................. 282
8.3.3 Joining a secure piconet ......................................................................................... 282
8.3.4 Membership update ................................................................................................ 282
8.3.5 Secure frame generation ......................................................................................... 283
8.3.6 Updating CurrentTimeToken ................................................................................. 284
8.3.7 Secure frame reception ........................................................................................... 284
8.3.8 Selecting the SECID for a new key ....................................................................... 285
8.3.9 Key selection .......................................................................................................... 285
8.4 Protocol details ........................................................................................................................ 289
8.4.1 Security information request and distribution ........................................................ 289
8.4.2 Key distribution protocol ....................................................................................... 291
8.4.3 Key request protocol .............................................................................................. 291
18
Copyright © 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.
IEEE Std 802.15.3-2016
IEEE Standard for High Data Rate Wireless Multi-Media Networks
9. Security specifications ..................................................................................................................... 292
9.1 Modes for security ................................................................................................................... 292
9.2 Symmetric cryptography building blocks................................................................................ 292
9.2.1 Notational conventions .......................................................................................... 292
9.2.2 CCM combined encryption and data authentication .............................................. 292
9.2.3 CCM parameters .................................................................................................... 292
9.2.4 Nonce value ............................................................................................................ 292
9.2.5 AES encryption ...................................................................................................... 293
9.3 Symmetric cryptography implementation ............................................................................... 293
9.3.1 Symmetric cryptography data formats ................................................................... 293
9.3.2 Symmetric cryptographic operations ..................................................................... 293
9.4 CCM mode............................................................................................................................... 295
9.4.1 Inputs ...................................................................................................................... 295
9.4.2 Data authentication ................................................................................................ 296
9.4.3 Encryption .............................................................................................................. 298
9.4.4 Output ..................................................................................................................... 298
9.4.5 Decryption .............................................................................................................. 299
9.4.6 Restrictions ............................................................................................................. 299
9.4.7 List of symbols ....................................................................................................... 299
10. PHY specification for the 2.4 GHz band ......................................................................................... 301
10.1 Overview of the 2.4 GHz PHY ................................................................................................ 301
10.2 General requirements............................................................................................................... 302
10.2.1 Operating frequency range ..................................................................................... 302
10.2.2 Radio frequency (RF) power measurements .......................................................... 302
10.2.3 Channel assignments .............................................................................................. 302
10.2.4 Scanning channels .................................................................................................. 302
10.2.5 Unwanted emissions .............................................................................................. 303
10.2.6 Operating temperature range .................................................................................. 303
10.2.7 PHY layer timing ................................................................................................... 303
10.2.7.1 Interframe space........................................................................................... 303
10.2.7.2 Receive-to-transmit turnaround time ........................................................... 303
10.2.7.3 Transmit-to-receive turnaround time ........................................................... 304
10.2.7.4 Time between successive transmissions ...................................................... 304
10.2.7.5 Channel switch time..................................................................................... 304
10.2.8 Data size restrictions .............................................................................................. 304
10.2.8.1 Maximum frame length ............................................................................... 304
10.2.8.2 Maximum transfer unit size ......................................................................... 304
10.2.8.3 Minimum fragment size............................................................................... 304
10.2.9 Header check sequence .......................................................................................... 304
10.2.10 Channel access methods ......................................................................................... 306
10.3 Modulation and coding ............................................................................................................ 306
10.3.1 Base data rate ......................................................................................................... 307
10.3.2 Signal constellations .............................................................................................. 307
10.3.3 DQPSK modulation ............................................................................................... 308
10.3.4 QPSK and 16/32/64-QAM with trellis coding ....................................................... 309
10.4 PHY frame format ................................................................................................................... 316
10.4.1 Frame format .......................................................................................................... 316
10.4.2 PHY preamble ........................................................................................................ 317
10.4.3 Header modulation ................................................................................................. 319
10.4.4 Scrambling ............................................................................................................. 319
10.4.5 PHY header ............................................................................................................ 321
19
Copyright © 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved.
IEEE Std 802.15.3-2016
IEEE Standard for High Data Rate Wireless Multi-Media Networks
10.4.6 Stuff bits ................................................................................................................. 322
10.4.7 Tail symbols ........................................................................................................... 322
10.5 Transmitter specifications........................................................................................................ 325
10.5.1 Error vector magnitude definition .......................................................................... 325
10.5.2 EVM calculated values .......................................................................................... 326
10.5.3 Transmit power spectral density (PSD) mask ........................................................ 326
10.5.4 Transmit center frequency tolerance ...................................................................... 326
10.5.5 Symbol rate ............................................................................................................ 326
10.5.6 Clock synchronization ............................................................................................ 327
10.5.7 Transmit power-on and power-down ramp ............................................................ 327
10.5.8 RF carrier suppression ........................................................................................... 327
10.5.9 Transmit power ...................................................................................................... 327
10.6 Receiver specifications ............................................................................................................ 328
10.6.1 Error rate criterion .................................................................................................. 328
10.6.2 Receiver sensitivity ................................................................................................ 328
10.6.3 Receiver maximum input level .............................................................................. 329
10.6.4 Receiver jamming resistance ................................................................................. 329
10.6.5 Receiver CCA performance ................................................................................... 330
10.6.6 Receiver RSSI ........................................................................................................ 330
10.6.7 Link quality indication ........................................................................................... 330
10.7 PHY management .................................................................................................................... 330
11. PHY specification for millimeter wave ........................................................................................... 333
11.1 General requirements............................................................................................................... 333
11.1.1 Regulatory information .......................................................................................... 333
11.1.2 RF power measurements ........................................................................................ 334
11.1.3 Unwanted emissions .............................................................................................. 334
11.1.4 Operating temperature range .................................................................................. 334
11.1.5 RF channelization .................................................................................................. 334
11.1.6 Transmit PSD mask ............................................................................................... 334
11.1.7 Error vector magnitude calculation ........................................................................ 334
11.1.7.1 SC PHY........................................................................................................ 334
11.1.7.2 AV and HSI PHYs....................................................................................... 335
11.1.8 Common PHY management for mmWave PHY modes ........................................ 336
11.1.8.1 Supported MCSs .......................................................................................... 336
11.1.8.2 Preferred fragment size................................................................................ 336
11.1.8.3 Receive Status field ..................................................................................... 337
11.1.9 Requirements for mmWave PNCs ......................................................................... 338
11.1.10 CP operation ........................................................................................................... 338
11.1.11 mmWave PHY mode usage in CTA ...................................................................... 339
11.1.12 Common mode signaling (CMS) ........................................................................... 339
11.1.12.1 Forward error correction for CMS............................................................... 340
11.1.12.2 Code spreading for CMS ............................................................................. 340
11.1.12.3 Scrambling for CMS.................................................................................... 340
11.1.12.4 PHY preamble for CMS .............................................................................. 341
11.1.12.5 Frame header for CMS ................................................................................ 341
11.1.12.6 PHY header for CMS................................................................................... 342
11.1.12.7 PHY Payload field for CMS ........................................................................ 343
11.1.12.8 Receiver clear channel assessment performance for CMS.......................... 343
11.1.13 mmWave PHY PIB ................................................................................................ 343
11.2 Single Carrier Mode of mmWave PHY................................................................................... 344
11.2.1 PHY operating specifications of SC PHY ............................................................. 345
11.2.1.1 Channelization ............................................................................................. 345
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