Bugzilla 3.6.3官方指南：安装与配置详解

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《Bugzilla指南》是Mozilla组织开发的bug跟踪系统Bugzilla的官方文档，于2010年11月2日发布。该指南提供了详尽的安装、配置以及使用指导，适合于企业级环境中的大规模bug和问题管理。Bugzilla作为一款功能强大的软件，被全球数百个组织广泛采用，用于跟踪和解决数百万级别的问题。本手册涵盖了以下几个核心部分： 1. **关于本指南** - **版权信息**：强调了文档的版权归属，提醒读者尊重版权。 - **免责声明**：声明作者不对使用指南可能产生的任何后果负责，通常包含使用时的风险提示。 - **新版本更新**：指出最新的文档版本可在Bugzilla官方文档页面（http://www.bugzilla.org/docs/）获取。 - **作者与贡献者**：列出编写团队成员，体现了集体努力。 - **文档约定**：定义了文档的写作风格和术语一致性。 2. **安装Bugzilla** - **安装步骤**：详细描述了安装过程，包括对Perl、数据库引擎（MySQL、PostgreSQL、Oracle）、Web服务器的要求，以及Perl模块的安装。 - **配置指南**： - **本地配置**：涉及修改配置文件以适应特定环境。 - **数据库服务器**：介绍了Bugzilla数据库结构，并提供了针对不同数据库系统的具体配置步骤。 - MySQL：说明如何设置MySQL数据库连接参数。 - PostgreSQL：提供适用于PostgreSQL的配置方法。 - Oracle：同样包含了Oracle数据库的配置指导。 - **检查setup.pl**：一个用于验证安装和配置是否正确的脚本。 - **Web服务器配置**：确保Web服务器设置正确以支持Bugzilla的运行。综上，《Bugzilla-Guide-3.6.3Release》是Bugzilla用户和管理员的重要参考资料，提供了从基础安装到高级配置的全面指南，帮助用户有效管理和优化Bugzilla的运作。对于任何希望通过Bugzilla提升工作效率或维护质量的组织来说，这是不可或缺的资源。

Chapter 2. Installing Bugzilla

1. GD (1.20) for bug charting

2. Template::Plugin::GD::Image (any) for Graphical Reports

3. Chart::Lines (2.1) for bug charting

4. GD::Graph (any) for bug charting

5. GD::Text (any) for bug charting

6. XML::Twig (any) for bug import/export

7. MIME::Parser (5.406) for bug import/export

8. LWP::UserAgent (any) for Automatic Update Notiﬁcations

9. PatchReader (0.9.4) for pretty HTML view of patches

10. Net::LDAP (any) for LDAP Authentication

11. Authen::SASL (any) for SASL Authentication

12. Authen::Radius (any) for RADIUS Authentication

13. SOAP::Lite (0.710.06) for the web service interface

14. JSON::RPC (any) for the JSON-RPC interface

15. Test::Taint (any) for the web service interface

16. HTML::Parser (3.40) for More HTML in Product/Group Descriptions

17. HTML::Scrubber (any) for More HTML in Product/Group Descriptions

18. Email::MIME::Attachment::Stripper (any) for Inbound Email

19. Email::Reply (any) for Inbound Email

20. TheSchwartz (any) for Mail Queueing

21. Daemon::Generic (any) for Mail Queueing

22. mod_perl2 (1.999022) for mod_perl

2.1.6. Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)

Bugzilla is dependent on the availability of an e-mail system for its user authentication and for other tasks.

Note: This is not entirely true. It is possible to completely disable email sending, or to have Bugzilla store email

messages in a ﬁle instead of sending them. However, this is mainly intended for testing, as disabling or diverting

email on a production machine would mean that users could miss important events (such as bug changes or the

creation of new accounts).

For more information, see the “mail_delivery_method” parameter in Section 3.1.

On Linux, any Sendmail-compatible MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) will sufﬁce. Sendmail, Postﬁx, qmail and Exim are

examples of common MTAs. Sendmail is the original Unix MTA, but the others are easier to conﬁgure, and therefore

Chapter 2. Installing Bugzilla

many people replace Sendmail with Postﬁx or Exim. They are drop-in replacements, so Bugzilla will not distinguish

between them.

If you are using Sendmail, version 8.7 or higher is required. If you are using a Sendmail-compatible MTA, it must be

congruent with at least version 8.7 of Sendmail.

Consult the manual for the speciﬁc MTA you choose for detailed installation instructions. Each of these programs will

have their own conﬁguration ﬁles where you must conﬁgure certain parameters to ensure that the mail is delivered

properly. They are implemented as services, and you should ensure that the MTA is in the auto-start list of services

for the machine.

If a simple mail sent with the command-line ’mail’ program succeeds, then Bugzilla should also be ﬁne.

2.1.7. Installing Bugzilla on mod_perl

It is now possible to run the Bugzilla software under mod_perl on Apache. mod_perl has some additional require-

ments to that of running Bugzilla under mod_cgi (the standard and previous way).

Bugzilla requires mod_perl to be installed, which can be obtained from http://perl.apache.org - Bugzilla requires

version 1.999022 (AKA 2.0.0-RC5) to be installed.

2.2. Conﬁguration

Warning

Poorly-conﬁgured MySQL and Bugzilla installations have given attackers full access to systems in the past.

Please take the security parts of these guidelines seriously, even for Bugzilla machines hidden away behind

your ﬁrewall. Be certain to read Chapter 4 for some important security tips.

2.2.1. localconﬁg

You should now run checksetup.pl again, this time without the --check-modules switch.

bash# ./checksetup.pl

This time, checksetup.pl should tell you that all the correct modules are installed and will display a message about,

and write out a ﬁle called, localconfig. This ﬁle contains the default settings for a number of Bugzilla parameters.

Load this ﬁle in your editor. The only two values you need to change are $db_driver and $db_pass, respectively the

type of the database and the password for the user you will create for your database. Pick a strong password (for

simplicity, it should not contain single quote characters) and put it here. $db_driver can be either ’mysql’, ’Pg’ or

’oracle’.

Note: In Oracle, $db_name should actually be the SID name of your database (e.g. "XE" if you are using Oracle

XE).

Chapter 2. Installing Bugzilla

You may need to change the value of webservergroup if your web server does not run in the "apache" group. On

Debian, for example, Apache runs in the "www-data" group. If you are going to run Bugzilla on a machine where

you do not have root access (such as on a shared web hosting account), you will need to leave webservergroup empty,

ignoring the warnings that checksetup.pl will subsequently display every time it is run.

Caution

If you are using suexec, you should use your own primary group for webservergroup rather than leaving it

empty, and see the additional directions in the suexec section Section 2.6.6.1.

The other options in the localconfig ﬁle are documented by their accompanying comments. If you have a slightly

non-standard database setup, you may wish to change one or more of the other "$db_*" parameters.

2.2.2. Database Ser ver

This section deals with conﬁguring your database server for use with Bugzilla. Currently, MySQL (Section 2.2.2.2),

PostgreSQL (Section 2.2.2.3) and Oracle (Section 2.2.2.4) are available.

2.2.2.1. Bugzilla Database Schema

The Bugzilla database schema is available at Ravenbrook (http://www.ravenbrook.com/project/p4dti/tool/cgi/bugzilla-

schema/). This very valuable tool can generate a written description of the Bugzilla database schema for any version

of Bugzilla. It can also generate a diff between two versions to help someone see what has changed.

2.2.2.2. MySQL

Caution

MySQL’s default conﬁguration is insecure. We highly recommend to run mysql_secure_installation on

Linux or the MySQL installer on Windows, and follow the instructions. Important points to note are:

1. Be sure that the root account has a secure password set.

2. Do not create an anonymous account, and if it exists, say "yes" to remove it.

3. If your web server and MySQL server are on the same machine, you should disable the network

access.

2.2.2.2.1. Allow large attachments and many comments

By default, MySQL will only allow you to insert things into the database that are smaller than 1MB. Attachments

may be larger than this. Also, Bugzilla combines all comments on a single bug into one ﬁeld for full-text searching,

and the combination of all comments on a single bug could in some cases be larger than 1MB.

To change MySQL’s default, you need to edit your MySQL conﬁguration ﬁle, which is usually /etc/my.cnf on

Linux. We recommend that you allow at least 4MB packets by adding the "max_allowed_packet" parameter to your

MySQL conﬁguration in the "[mysqld]" section, like this:

Chapter 2. Installing Bugzilla

[mysqld]

# Allow packets up to 4MB

max_allowed_packet=4M

2.2.2.2.2. Allow small words in full-text indexes

By default, words must be at least four characters in length in order to be indexed by MySQL’s full-text indexes. This

causes a lot of Bugzilla speciﬁc words to be missed, including "cc", "ftp" and "uri".

MySQL can be conﬁgured to index those words by setting the ft_min_word_len param to the minimum size of the

words to index. This can be done by modifying the /etc/my.cnf according to the example below:

[mysqld]

# Allow small words in full-text indexes

ft_min_word_len=2

Rebuilding the indexes can be done based on documentation found at http://www.mysql.com/doc/en/Fulltext_Fine-

tuning.html.

2.2.2.2.3. Add a user to MySQL

You need to add a new MySQL user for Bugzilla to use. (It’s not safe to have Bugzilla use the MySQL root account.)

The following instructions assume the defaults in localconfig; if you changed those, you need to modify the SQL

command appropriately. You will need the $db_pass password you set in localconfig in

Section 2.2.1.

We use an SQL GRANT command to create a “bugs” user. This also restricts the “bugs”user to operations within a

database called “bugs”, and only allows the account to connect from “localhost”. Modify it to reﬂect your setup if you

will be connecting from another machine or as a different user.

Run the mysql command-line client and enter:

mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT,

UPDATE, DELETE, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE, LOCK TABLES,

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, DROP, REFERENCES ON bugs.

TO bugs@localhost IDENTIFIED BY ’$db_pass’;

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

2.2.2.2.4. Permit attachments table to grow beyond 4GB

By default, MySQL will limit the size of a table to 4GB. This limit is present even if the underlying ﬁlesystem has no

such limit. To set a higher limit, follow these instructions.

After you have completed the rest of the installation (or at least the database setup parts), you should run the MySQL

command-line client and enter the following, replacing $bugs_db with your Bugzilla database name (bugs by de-

fault):

mysql> use $bugs_db

mysql> ALTER TABLE attachments

AVG_ROW_LENGTH=1000000, MAX_ROWS=20000;

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